1、BS EN 1071-12:2010ICS 81.060.30NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDAdvanced technical ceramics Methods of test for ceramic coatingsPart 12: Reciprocating wear testThis British Standardwas published under theauthority of the StandardsPolicy and Strate
2、gyCommittee on 30 June2010 BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 54309 8Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS EN 1071-12:2010National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1071-12:2010.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee RPI/13,
3、 Advanced technical ceramics.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard c
4、annot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.BS EN 1071-12:2010EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 1071-12 March 2010 ICS 81.060.30 English Version Advanced technical ceramics - Methods of test for ceramic coatings - Part 12: Reciprocating wear test Cramiques techniques avances - Mth
5、odes dessai pour revtements cramiques - Partie 12 : Essai dusure en va-et-vient Hochleistungskeramik - Verfahren zur Prfung keramischer Schichten - Teil 12: Schwingungs-Verschleiprfung This European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 January 2010. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
6、 Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CE
7、N member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN
8、 members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, S
9、pain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national
10、 Members. Ref. No. EN 1071-12:2010: EBS EN 1071-12:2010EN 1071-12:2010 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3Introduction .41 Scope 52 Normative references 53 Terms and definitions .54 Significance and use .75 Principle 76 Apparatus and materials .76.1 Apparatus construction 76.1.1 General 76.1.2 Friction m
11、easurement .96.2 Operating environment .97 Preparation of test pieces .97.1 Substrate material and preparation .97.2 Coating deposition . 107.3 Post-coating preparation . 107.4 Cleaning . 118 Test procedure 118.1 Selection of test conditions . 118.2 Preliminary set-up. 118.3 Wear test 128.4 Evaluati
12、on of wear 138.4.1 Preliminary inspection . 138.4.2 Measurement of wear scars . 148.5 Calculation of wear results 169 Repeatability and limits 1610 Test report . 17Annex A (informative) Issues related to dynamic measurements in reciprocating wear testing 18A.1 Resonant frequencies 18A.2 Frequency re
13、sponse . 18A.3 Phase angle errors 19A.4 Further guidance. 21Annex B (informative) Methods for the determination of coating properties likely to be relevant to coating performance in a reciprocating wear test 22B.1 Relevant properties 22B.2 Phase composition and preferred orientation. 22B.3 Residual
14、stress . 22B.4 Hardness 22Annex C (informative) Examples of common wear mechanisms 23Annex D (informative) Determination of volume loss from the pin using profilometry 24Annex E (informative) Determination of wear of coated plate by ball crater technique . 25Bibliography . 28BS EN 1071-12:2010EN 107
15、1-12:2010 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 1071-12:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 184 “Advanced technical ceramics”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or
16、by endorsement, at the latest by September 2010, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2010. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsib
17、le for identifying any or all such patent rights. EN 1071, Advanced technical ceramics Methods of test for ceramic coatings, consists of the following 13 parts: Part 1: Determination of coating thickness by contact probe filometer Part 2: Determination of coating thickness by the crater grinding met
18、hod Part 3: Determination of adhesion and other mechanical failure modes by a scratch test Part 4: Determination of chemical composition by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) Part 5: Determination of porosity (withdrawn) Part 6: Determination of the abrasion resistance of coatings by a micro-abrasi
19、on wear test Part 7: Determination of hardness and Youngs modulus by instrumented indentation (withdrawn) Part 8: Rockwell indentation test for evaluation of adhesion Part 9: Determination of fracture strain Part 10: Determination of coating thickness by cross sectioning Part 11: Determination of in
20、ternal stress by the Stoney formula Part 12: Reciprocating wear test Part 13: Determination of wear rate by the pin-on-disk method Parts 8 and 11 are Technical Specifications. CEN/TS 1071-7:2003 was withdrawn on publication of EN ISO 14577-4:2007. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, t
21、he national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Nethe
22、rlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 1071-12:2010EN 1071-12:2010 (E) 4 Introduction Proper evaluation of the wear performance of ceramic coatings is essential to understanding their behaviour and to increasing their u
23、se in applications where high performance and predictable life are critical requirements, for example in the aerospace, automotive and biomedical industries. This part of EN 1071 describes a technique for the determination of the wear behaviour of a ceramic coating by reciprocating, under load, a fl
24、at or spherically ended pin against a flat plate. Depending on the information required, either the plate or pin or both may be coated with the material under test, with the other member of the couple being selected for its relevance to the system under evaluation. Wear is determined by weight loss,
25、 by profilometry, by linear measurement or by a combination of these. Coatings may be tested under dry or lubricated conditions. Where suitable instrumentation is available, the test can provide important information about the friction generated in the system. In addition to providing data on the fr
26、ictional interaction in the system per se, monitoring of the friction can, by detecting changes in the level or trend of the friction force, provide important information about changes occurring during the test, e.g. removal or fracture of the coating, changes in wear mechanisms, etc. The test for u
27、se with bulk materials reciprocating under non-lubricated conditions is well described in 1. The standard identifies the basic equipment requirements and the test critical parameters for testing ceramic coatings, and provides for appropriate operating procedures and measurement protocols to ensure t
28、heir proper control. In addition, it provides for consistency in the analysis of data and in the treatment of errors. This part of EN 1071 complements parts 6 2 and 13 3, which describe techniques for micro-scale abrasion wear testing and pin-on-disc wear testing of ceramic coatings respectively. BS
29、 EN 1071-12:2010EN 1071-12:2010 (E) 5 1 Scope 1.1 This European Standard describes a method for evaluating the wear of ceramic coatings by use of a reciprocating wear test whereby a flat or spherically ended pin is reciprocated, under load, against a flat plate. Depending on the conditions being sim
30、ulated, either the pin or plate or both may be coated with the material under test, with the other member of the couple being selected for its relevance to the system under evaluation. The method described is considered to be not suitable for evaluating fretting wear. 1.2 The method is intended for
31、evaluating coatings with a thickness of more than 1 m, though might also be used for testing thinner coatings. 1.3 The test may be carried out under either dry or lubricated conditions. However, the test is not designed for evaluating the properties of lubricants except insofar as they affect the we
32、ar behaviour of the materials being tested. Related methods for testing lubricants using reciprocating motion are given in references 4 6. 1.4 Testing a materials couple under a range of loading conditions might provide information about the adhesive and/or cohesive strength of the coating, in addit
33、ion to its wear behaviour. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
34、 EN ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories (ISO/IEC 17025:2005) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 wear track line of contact of pin on plate during reciprocation 3.2 wear s
35、car worn region on the test specimen 3.3 volume wear rate volume wear coefficient specific wear rate volume of material removed from a surface in a sliding distance of 1 m under a normal load of 1 N 3.4 mass wear rate mass wear coefficient mass of material removed from a surface in a sliding distanc
36、e of 1 m under a normal load of 1 N BS EN 1071-12:2010EN 1071-12:2010 (E) 6 3.5 stroke length total distance traversed by the leading or trailing edge of the pin over the surface of the plate between consecutive reversals in the direction of motion 3.6 instantaneous coefficient of friction instantan
37、eous value of the friction force divided by the instantaneous value of the applied load NOTE This is often approximated to the instantaneous value of the friction force divided by the applied load. 3.7 cycle average coefficient of friction average value of the instantaneous coefficient of friction c
38、alculated for a complete cycle of reciprocation NOTE Three possible ways of calculating the cycle average coefficient of friction are: to average the absolute magnitude of the friction, excluding the values towards the end of the stroke where the value is affected by the pin stopping, and to divide
39、this by the applied load; to determine the area under the coefficient of friction-horizontal motion curve for a complete stroke and divide this by twice the stroke length see Figure 1; to pass the instantaneous friction signal through a true analogue r.m.s. to d.c. converter amplifier, the output fr
40、om which is then data logged at an appropriate sampling rate, which can be quite modest (typically 1 Hz to 10 Hz). Again the average friction signal obtained over a complete cycle should be divided by the applied load to obtain the cycle average coefficient of friction. 12-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3-0,4-0,20,0
41、0,20,4Key 1 Friction coefficient 2 Horizontal displacement, in millimetres (mm) Figure 1 Coefficient of friction Horizontal displacement loop for reciprocating test with alumina ball rubbing against titanium nitride coated plate 11 BS EN 1071-12:2010EN 1071-12:2010 (E) 7 4 Significance and use Recip
42、rocating wear testing can be used to simulate the operating conditions in different sliding contacts of technological significance. In the last few years there has been an increasing interest in the use of wear and friction reducing ceramic coatings for such contacts. This draft standard has been de
43、veloped to provide guidance on the use and interpretation of the test method for evaluating the potential performance of ceramic coatings in these types of contacts and to provide complementary data to that obtained from other wear test methods, e.g. micro-scale abrasion wear testing 2 and pin-on-di
44、sk wear testing 3. It should be noted that there are many parameters in sliding contacts that affect the magnitude of friction and wear. The aim of performing any wear test is to simulate, as closely as possible, the conditions that occur in the real application. As the deviation between the test co
45、nditions and the application conditions becomes larger, the test results will become less relevant. To add confidence to the test results, the appearance of the worn surfaces of the test samples should be compared with those of the worn surfaces of actual components to ensure that similar wear mecha
46、nisms have taken place in both cases. NOTE Although it is relatively easy in a reciprocating wear test to reproduce the contact stress experienced in a specific tribological contact, it might be necessary to use additional heating to ensure that the contact temperature approximates to that of the co
47、ntact being simulated. 5 Principle The test consists in reciprocating a loaded pin against a flat plate and determining the wear of one or both components. Depending on the wearing system being simulated, either the pin or plate or both may be coated with the ceramic coating under test, and the test
48、 may be carried out either with or without lubrication. The pin contact face may have either a flat or rounded geometry. If the former is chosen, great care is necessary in order to ensure that the contact faces of pin and plate both lie in the same plane, as any variation from this will produce sub
49、stantially different contact conditions from those expected for a plane contact. The high contact stress generated by misalignment can be particularly damaging to brittle ceramic materials and can lead to spurious and un-reproducible results. If a rounded geometry is chosen, then the contact conditions will vary throughout the test and affect the analysis of the results. 6 Apparatus and materials 6.1 Apparatus construction 6.1.1 G
