1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1094-4:1995 Insulating refractory products Part 4: Determination of bulk density and true porosity The European Standard EN1094-4:1995 has the status of a British Standard ICS 81.080BSEN1094-4:1995 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Sector Bo
2、ard forMaterials and Chemicals, waspublished under the authorityof the Standards Boardand comes into effect on 15 December 1995 BSI 07-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference RPI/1 Draft for comment 93/305974 DC ISBN 0 580 24793 7 Committees respons
3、ible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee RPI/1, Sampling and physical testing of refractory materials, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Ceramic Research Ltd. British Industrial Ceramic Manufacturers Associat
4、ion British Metallurgical Plant Constructors Association British Steel Industry British Vermiculite Association Refractories Association of Great Britain Refractories Contractors Association Society of Glass Technology Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBSEN1094-4:1995 BSI 07-
5、1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover National foreword ii Foreword 2 Text of EN 1094-4 3 List of references Inside back coverBSEN1094-4:1995 ii BSI 07-1999 National foreword This Part of BSEN1094 has been prepared by Technical Committee RPI/1 and is the English language ver
6、sion of EN1094-4:1995 Insulating refractory products Part4: Determination of bulk density and true porosity published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). It supersedesBS1902-3.7:1989 which is withdrawn. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
7、 contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Cross-references Publication referred to Corresponding British Standard BS EN 993 Methods of test for dense shaped refrac
8、tory products EN 993-1 Part 1:1995 Determination of bulk density, apparent porosity and true porosity EN 993-2 Part 2:1995 Determination of true density Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, theEN title page, pages 2 to 4, an inside back cover
9、 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on theinside front cover.EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 1094-4 August 1995 ICS 81.080 Descriptors: Refractory materials
10、, shaped refractories, shaped insulating refractory products, physical tests, determination, bulk density, porosity English version Insulating refractory products Part4: Determination of bulk density and true porosity Produits rfractories isolants Mthodes dessai Partie4: Dtermination de la masse vol
11、umique apparente et de la porosit relle Feuerfeste Erzeugnisse fr Isolationszwecke Teil4: Bestimmung der Rohrdichte und Gesamtporositt geformter Erzeugnisse This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1995-07-10. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipu
12、late the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard ex
13、ists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national bodies of A
14、ustria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fr Normung Central Secretariat:
15、 rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1995 All rights of reproduction and communication in any form and by any means reserved in all countries to CEN and its members Ref. No. EN 1094-4:1995 EEN1094-4:1995 BSI 07-1999 2 Foreword This European Standard was prepared by the Technical Committee CEN/TC187,
16、 Refractory products and materials, of which the secretariat is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February1996, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
17、the latest by February1996. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switze
18、rland and United Kingdom. Reproducibility and repeatability data are not available, but may be given in a subsequent edition. EN 1094, Insulating refractory products consists of seven Parts. Part 1: Terminology for ceramic fibre products; Part 2: Classification of shaped products; Part 3: Classifica
19、tion of ceramic fibre products; Part 4: Determination of bulk density and true porosity of shaped products; Part 5: Determination of cold crushing strength of shaped products; Part 6: Determination of permanent change in dimensions on heating of shaped products; Part 7: Methods of test for ceramic f
20、ibre products (ENV). Contents Page Foreword 2 1 Scope 3 2 Normative references 3 3 Definitions 3 4 Principle 3 5 Apparatus 3 6 Test pieces 3 7 Procedure 4 8 Expression of results 4 9 Test report 4EN1094-4:1995 BSI 07-1999 3 1 Scope This Part of EN 1094 specifies a method of determination of the bulk
21、 density and true porosity of shaped insulating refractory products. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are liste
22、d hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN993-1, Dense shaped refract
23、ory products Methods of test Part1: Determination of bulk density and apparent porosity. EN993-2, Dense shaped refractory products Methods of test Part2: Determination of true density. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this Part ofEN1094, the following definitions apply. 3.1 bulk density, b the rati
24、o of the mass of the dry material of a porous body to its bulk volume 3.2 bulk volume, V b the sum of the volumes of the solid material, the open pores and the closed pores in a porous body NOTEThe roughness of the surface limits the accuracy of definition of the bulk volume and, in consequence, the
25、 bulk density. Also, the notion of bulk density becomes less precise when the volume of the sample diminishes below certain limits or when its texture (size of pores and grains) is too coarse. 3.3 true density, t the ratio of the mass of the solid material of a porous body to its true volume 3.4 tru
26、e volume the volume of the solid material in a porous body 3.5 open pores those pores that are penetrated by the immersion liquid in the test specified inEN993-1 NOTEThese pores are, in principle, all those that are connected with the atmosphere, either directly or via one another. Here also the rou
27、ghness of the surface imposes a limit to the accuracy of the definition of the volume of the open pores. 3.6 closed pores those pores that are not penetrated by the immersion liquid in the test specified inEN993-1 3.7 true porosity, t the ratio of the total volume of the open pores and the closed po
28、res in a porous body to its bulk volume 3.8 shaped insulating product a shaped product having a true porosity of not less than45% (V/V) 4 Principle The mass of a dry test piece of a specified geometrical form is determined by weighing and the dimensions are measured. From these values and from the t
29、rue density of the material, (determined by the method specified inEN993-2) the volume, bulk density and true porosity are determined by calculation. NOTEThe method of immersion in a liquid and determination of the mass of the test piece when immersed and when soaked are not suitable for insulating
30、refractory products because of their very open texture, which can lead to serious errors in the determination of the mass of the test piece when soaked. The precision of the results does not require any correction to be made for the fact that weighing is carried out in air, not in a vacuum. 5 Appara
31、tus 5.1 Callipers, graduated in0,5mm, or flat metal rule, graduated in0,5mm and having a square at one end which can be fitted to the edge of the test piece. 5.2 Drying oven, capable of being controlled at(110 5) C. 5.3 Balance, with an accuracy of 0,1g. 5.4 Desiccator 6 Test pieces 6.1 The number o
32、f items (for example, bricks or blocks) to be tested shall be determined by agreement between the interested parties. 6.2 If several items are tested, the same number of test pieces shall be taken from each item, so as to facilitate statistical calculation. NOTEThe number of test pieces per item sho
33、uld be the subject of agreement between the interested parties.EN1094-4:1995 4 BSI 07-1999 6.3 The test pieces shall be rectangular with plane and parallel surfaces. The volume of each test piece shall be not less than500cm 3and no dimension of a test piece shall be less than50mm. The faces of each
34、test piece shall be precisely formed to obtain a parallelepiped. For the purposes of this test, the test piece shall be considered to be a parallelepiped if, for each pair of opposite faces, the four measurements made along the centre lines of the faces that separate them do not differ by more than1
35、,0mm. 6.4 In the case of insulating bricks that have been finished by sawing, the whole brick may be used as a test piece, provided that the faces are plane and parallel, the parallelism tolerance being as specified in6.3. 7 Procedure 7.1 Using the callipers or the flat metal rule (5.1), measure the
36、 three principal dimensions (length l, breadth b, thickness d) of each test piece to within0,5min. The measurements shall be made at the centre line of each face (i.e.four times for each dimension) and the mean of the four measurements shall be noted for each of the three dimensions. 7.2 Dry the tes
37、t pieces carefully in the drying oven(5.2), controlled at (110 5) C, allow to cool to ambient temperature in the desiccator (5.4), and weigh each test piece to the nearest0,1g. 7.3 Repeat the drying, cooling and weighing operations until constant mass is reached, i.e.until two successive weighings m
38、ade before and after at least2h in the drying oven do not differ by more than0,1%. 7.4 Determine the true density in accordance withEN993-2. 8 Expression of results 8.1 The bulk volume V bof the test piece is given, in cubic centimetres, by the equation: V b= lbd where l, b and d are the length, bre
39、adth and thickness, respectively, in centimetres, of the test piece. 8.2 The bulk density bof the test piece is given, in grams per cubic centimetre, by the equation: where 8.3 The bulk density shall be expressed in grams per cubic centimetre or in kilograms per cubic metre (by multiplying the resul
40、t in 8.2 by10 3 ). The calculation shall be made to three significant digits. 8.4 The true porosity tis given, as a percentage, by the equation: where 8.5 The calculation of the true porosity shall be made to the nearest0,1%. 9 Test report The test report shall include the following information: a)
41、the name of the testing establishment; b) the date of the test; c) a reference to this European Standard, i.e.“Determination of bulk density and true porosity in accordance withEN1094-4”; d) the designation of the material tested (manufacturer, type, batch number); e) the number of test pieces per i
42、tem; alternatively a statement that a whole brick was used (see6.2 and6.4); f) the individual values and the mean value of the bulk density and true porosity for each item. m is the dry mass, in grams; V b is the bulk volume, in cubic centimetres. b m V b - = t is the true density of the product, in
43、 grams per cubic centimetre, determined in accordance withEN993-2; b is the bulk density, in grams per cubic centimetre (see8.2).BSEN1094-4:1995 BSI 07-1999 List of references See national foreword.BS EN 1094-4:1995 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL BSIBritishStandardsInstitution BSI is the i
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