1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 1127-1:2011Explosive atmospheres Explosion prevention andprotectionPart 1: Basic concepts and methodologyBS EN 1127-1:2011 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Sta
2、ndard is the UK implementation of EN 1127-1:2011. It supersedes BS EN 1127-1:2007 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee EXL/23, Explosion and fire precautions in industrial and chemical plant.A list of organizations represented on this commit
3、tee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. BSI 2011 ISBN 978 0 580 66689 6 ICS Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligat
4、ions.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2011.Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS EN 1127-1:2011EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 1127-1 July 2011 ICS 13.230 Supersedes EN
5、 1127-1:2007English Version Explosive atmospheres - Explosion prevention and protection - Part 1: Basic concepts and methodology Atmosphres explosives - Prvention de lexplosion et protection contre lexplosion - Partie 1: Notions fondamentales et mthodologie Explosionsfhige Atmosphren - Explosionssch
6、utz - Teil 1: Grundlagen und Methodik This European Standard was approved by CEN on 18 June 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to
7、-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translat
8、ion under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
9、France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITE
10、E FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1127-1:2011: EBS EN 1127-1:2011EN 1127-1:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 4Introduction .51 Scope 62 Normative
11、references 73 Terms and definitions .84 Risk assessment 84.1 General 84.2 Identification of explosion hazards94.2.1 General 94.2.2 Combustion properties .94.2.3 Explosion behaviour 104.2.4 Likelihood of occurrence of a hazardous explosive atmosphere . 104.3 Identification of ignition hazards 114.3.1
12、 General . 114.3.2 Ignition properties 114.3.3 Likelihood of occurrence of effective ignition sources 124.4 Estimation of the possible effects of an explosion . 125 Possible ignition sources 135.1 Hot surfaces 135.2 Flames and hot gases (including hot particles) 135.3 Mechanically generated sparks .
13、 145.4 Electrical apparatus 145.5 Stray electric currents, cathodic corrosion protection. 145.6 Static electricity 155.7 Lightning 155.8 Radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic waves from 104Hz to 3 x 1011Hz 155.9 Electromagnetic waves from 3 x 1011Hz to 3.x 1015Hz 165.10 Ionizing radiation 165.11 Ultr
14、asonics 165.12 Adiabatic compression and shock waves . 165.13 Exothermic reactions, including self-ignition of dusts. 176 Risk reduction . 176.1 Fundamental principles . 176.2 Avoidance or reduction of the amount of explosive atmosphere . 186.2.1 Process parameters . 186.2.2 Design and construction
15、of equipment, protective systems and components . 196.3 Hazardous areas . 216.4 Requirements for the design and construction of equipment, protective systems and components by avoidance of effective ignition sources 216.4.1 General . 216.4.2 Hot surfaces 236.4.3 Flames and hot gases 246.4.4 Mechanic
16、ally generated sparks . 246.4.5 Electrical apparatus 256.4.6 Stray electric currents and cathodic corrosion protection 256.4.7 Static electricity 266.4.8 Lightning 266.4.9 Radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic waves from 104Hz to 3 x 1011Hz 276.4.10 Electromagnetic waves from 3 x 1011Hz to 3 x 1015Hz
17、 27BS EN 1127-1:2011EN 1127-1:2011 (E) 3 6.4.11 Ionizing radiation . 286.4.12 Ultrasonics . 296.4.13 Adiabatic compression and shock waves 296.4.14 Exothermic reactions, including self-ignition of dusts . 306.5 Requirements for the design and construction of equipment, protective systems and compone
18、nts to reduce the explosion effects . 306.6 Provisions for emergency measures 316.7 Principles of measuring and control systems for explosion prevention and protection 317 Information for use 317.1 General . 317.2 Information for commissioning, maintenance and repair to prevent explosion 327.3 Quali
19、fications and training . 33Annex A (informative) Information for the use of tools in potentially explosive atmospheres 34Annex B (informative) Tightness of equipment . 35B.1 General . 35B.2 Equipment which is durably technically tight 35B.3 Technically tight equipment . 37Annex C (informative) Signi
20、ficant technical changes between this document and the previous edition of this European Standard . 38Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 94/9 EC 40Annex ZB (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the
21、 Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC 41Bibliography 42BS EN 1127-1:2011EN 1127-1:2011 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 1127-1:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 305 “Potentially explosive atmospheres - Explosion prevention and protection”, the secretariat of which is
22、 held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2014. Attention is drawn to the possibility
23、that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 1127-1:2007. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commis
24、sion and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directives. For relationship with EU Directives, see informative Annex ZA and ZB, which is an integral part of this document. Annex C provides details of significant technical changes between this European Standa
25、rd and the previous edition EN 1127-1:2007. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France
26、, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 1127-1:2011EN 1127-1:2011 (E) 5 Introduction CEN and CENELEC are producing a set of
27、standards to assist designers, manufacturers and other interested bodies to interpret the essential safety requirements in order to achieve conformity with European Legislation. Within this series of standards CEN has undertaken to draw up a standard to give guidance in the field of explosion preven
28、tion and protection, as hazards from explosions are to be considered in accordance with EN ISO 12100. In accordance with EN ISO 12100, it is a type A standard. This standard describes the basic concepts and methodology of explosion prevention and protection. CEN/TC 305 has a mandate in this area to
29、produce B-type, and C-type standards, which will allow verification of conformity with the essential safety requirements. Explosions can occur from: a) materials processed or used by the equipment, protective systems and components; b) materials released by the equipment, protective systems and comp
30、onents; c) materials in the vicinity of the equipment, protective systems and components; d) materials of construction of the equipment, protective systems and components. Since safety depends not only on equipment, protective systems and components but also on the material being handled and its use
31、, this standard includes aspects related to the intended use and foreseeable misuse, i.e. the manufacturer should consider in which way and for which purpose the equipment, protective systems and components will be used and take this into account during its design and construction. This is the only
32、way hazards inherent in equipment, protective systems and components can be reduced. NOTE This standard may also serve as a guide for users of equipment, protective systems and components when assessing the risk of explosion in the workplace and selecting the appropriate equipment, protective system
33、s and components. BS EN 1127-1:2011EN 1127-1:2011 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard specifies methods for the identification and assessment of hazardous situations leading to explosion and the design and construction measures appropriate for the required safety. This is achieved by: risk assessme
34、nt; risk reduction. The safety of equipment, protective systems and components can be achieved by eliminating hazards and/or limiting the risk, i.e. by: a) appropriate design (without using safeguarding); b) safeguarding; c) information for use; d) any other preventive measures. Measures in accordan
35、ce with a) (prevention) and b) (protection) against explosions are dealt with in Clause 6, measures according to c) against explosions are dealt with in Clause 7. Measures in accordance with d) are not specified in this European Standard. They are dealt with in EN ISO 12100:2010, Clause 6. The preve
36、ntive and protective measures described in this European Standard will not provide the required level of safety unless the equipment, protective systems and components are operated within their intended use and are installed and maintained according to the relevant codes of practice or requirements.
37、 This standard specifies general design and construction methods to help designers and manufacturers in achieving explosion safety in the design of equipment, protective systems and components. This European Standard is applicable to any equipment, protective systems and components intended to be us
38、ed in potentially explosive atmospheres, under atmospheric conditions. These atmospheres can arise from flammable materials processed, used or released by the equipment, protective systems and components or from materials in the vicinity of the equipment, protective systems and components and/or fro
39、m the materials of construction of the equipment, protective systems and components. This European Standard is applicable to equipment, protective systems and components at all stages of its use. This European Standard is only applicable to equipment group II which is intended for use in other place
40、s than underground parts of mines and those parts of surface installations of such mines endangered by firedamp and/or flammable dust. This European Standard is not applicable to: 1) medical devices intended for use in a medical environment; 2) equipment, protective systems and components where the
41、explosion hazard results exclusively from the presence of explosive substances or unstable chemical substances; 3) equipment, protective systems and components where the explosion can occur by reaction of substances with other oxidizers than atmospheric oxygen or by other hazardous reactions or by o
42、ther than atmospheric conditions; BS EN 1127-1:2011EN 1127-1:2011 (E) 7 4) equipment intended for use in domestic and non-commercial environments where potentially explosive atmospheres may only rarely be created, solely as a result of the accidental leakage of fuel gas; 5) personal protective equip
43、ment covered by Directive 89/686/EEC; 6) seagoing vessels and mobile offshore units together with equipment on board such vessels or units; 7) means of transport, i.e. vehicles and their trailers intended solely for transporting passengers by air or by road, rail or water networks, as well as means
44、of transport insofar as such means are designed for transporting goods by air, by public road or rail networks or by water; vehicles intended for use in a potentially explosive atmosphere shall not be excluded; 8) the design and construction of systems containing desired, controlled combustion proce
45、sses, unless they can act as ignition sources in potentially explosive atmospheres. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of th
46、e referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1839, Determination of explosion limits of gases and vapours EN 13237, Potentially explosive atmospheres Terms and definitions for equipment and protective systems intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres EN 13463-1, Non-elect
47、rical equipment for use in potentially explosive atmospheres Part 1: Basic method and requirements EN 13463-6, Non-electrical equipment for use in potentially explosive atmospheres Part 6: Protection by control of ignition source b EN 13821, Potentially explosive atmospheres Explosion prevention and
48、 protection Determination of minimum ignition energy of dust/air mixtures EN 14034-1, Determination of explosion characteristics of dust clouds Part 1: Determination of the maximum explosion pressure pmaxof dust clouds EN 14034-2, Determination of explosion characteristics of dust clouds Part 2: Det
49、ermination of the maximum rate of explosion pressure rise (dp/dt)maxof dust clouds EN 14034-3, Determination of explosion characteristics of dust clouds Part 3: Determination of the lower explosion limit LEL of dust clouds EN 14034-4, Determination of explosion characteristics of dust clouds Part 4:
