1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1159-1:2003 Advanced technical ceramics Ceramic composites Thermophysical properties Part 1: Determination of thermal expansion The European Standard EN 1159-1:2003 has the status of a British Standard ICS 81.060.30 BS EN 1159-1:2003 This British Standard was published under t
2、he authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 10 February 2004 BSI 10 February 2004 ISBN 0 580 43383 8 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 1159-1:2003. It supersedes DD ENV 1159-1:1994 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its
3、 preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee RPI/13, Advanced technical ceramics, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European
4、publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all th
5、e necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on th
6、e interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 15 and a back cover. The
7、BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEUROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM EN11591 July2003 ICS81.060.30 SupersedesENV11591:1993 Englishversion AdvancedtechnicalceramicsCeramicc
8、omposites ThermophysicalpropertiesPart1:Determinationofthermal expansion CramiquestechniquesavancesCramiques compositesPropritsthermophysiquesPartie1: Dterminationdeladilatationthermique HochleistungskeramikKeramischeVerbundwerkstoffe ThermophysikalischeEigenschaftenTeil1:Bestimmung derthermischenAu
9、sdehrung ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon23May2003. CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEurope an Standardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Uptodatelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcernings uchnational standar
10、dsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheManagementCentreortoanyCENmember. ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytra nslation undertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheManagementCentrehasthesamestatusasthe official
11、versions. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland,France,Germany,Greece, Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Slovakia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUn ited Kingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENO
12、RMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2003CEN Allrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.EN11591:2003EEN11591:2003(E) 2 Contents page Foreword3 1 Scope 4 2 Normativereferences 4 3 Termsanddefinitions.
13、.4 4 Principle5 4.1 General5 4.2 Directmeasurement 5 4.3 Differentialmethod . .5 5 Apparatus .5 5.1 Constructionmaterials 5 5.2 Heatingandcoolingdevice 5 5.3 Temperaturemeasurement. 5 5.4 Testpiecemounting . .5 5.5 Systemformeasuringandrecordingthethermalexpansion.6 5.6 Testpiecemeasurement .6 6 Spe
14、cimens 6 6.1 Testpieces. .6 6.2 Referencepieces .6 6.3 Dimensions.7 7 Procedure .7 8 Calculations7 8.1 Directmeasurement 7 8.2 Differentialmethod . .8 9 Testreport . .9 AnnexA (normative) Directmeasurementapparatus .12 A.1 Determinationofmeasurementsensitivity .12 A.2 Determinationof A .13 AnnexB (n
15、ormative) Differentialtypemeasurementapparatus 14 B.1 Determinationofmeasurementsensitivity S 14 B.2 Determinationof 14 Bibliography 15EN11591:2003(E) 3 Foreword Thisdocument(EN11591:2003)hasbeenpreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC184,“Advancedtechnical ceramics“thesecretariatofwhichisheldbyBSI. ThisE
16、uropeanStandardshallbegiventhestatusofanationalstandard,eitherbypublicationofanidenticaltextor byendorsement,atthelatestbyJanuary2004,andconflictingnationalstandardsshallbewithdrawnatthelatest byJanuary2004. ThisdocumentsupersedesENV11591:1993. EN1159AdvancedtechnicalceramicsCeramiccompositesThermop
17、hysicalpropertiesconsistsoffourparts: Part1:Determinationofthermalexpansion. Part2:Determinationofthermaldiffusivity. Part3:Determinationofspecificheatcapacity. Part4:Determinationofthermalconductivity AnnexesAandBarenormative. AccordingtotheCEN/CENELECInternalRegulations,thenationalstandardsorganiz
18、ationsofthefollowing countriesareboundtoimplementthisEuropeanStandard:Austria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland, France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal, Slovakia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandtheUnitedKingdom.EN11591:2003(E) 4 1Scope ThisPar
19、tofEN1159describesmethodsforthedeterminationoflinearthermalexpansioncharacteristicsof ceramicmatrixcompositematerialsupto2300K,andisapplicableto10,2DandnDmaterials. Themethoddescribesgeneralprinciplesofconstructioncalibrationandoperationoftheequipment. 2 Normativereferences ThisEuropeanStandardincor
20、poratesbydatedorundatedreference,provisionsfromotherpublications.These normativereferencesarecitedattheappropriateplacesinthetext,andthepublicationsarelistedhereafter.For datedreferences,subsequentamendmentstoorrevisionsofanyofthesepublicationsapplytothisEuropean Standardonlywhenincorporatedinitbyam
21、endmentorrevision.Forundatedreferencesthelatesteditionofthe publicationreferredtoapplies(includingamendments). EN8211, AdvancedtechnicalceramicsMonolithicceramicsThermophysicalpropertiesPart1:Determination ofthermalexpansion. EN605841, ThermocouplesPart1:Referencetables(IEC605841:1995) ENISO/IEC1702
22、5,Generalrequirementsforthecompetenceoftestingandcalibrationlaboratories(ISO/IEC 17025:1999) ISO3611, Micrometercallipersforexternalmeasurement. ISO6906, Verniercallipersreadingto0,02mm. 3 Termsanddefinitions ForthepurposesofthisEuropeanStandard,thefollowingtermsanddefinitionsapply. 3.1 lineartherma
23、lexpansion positiveornegativechangeinonedimensionthatoccurswhenamaterialissubjectedtoachangeintemperature 3.2 linearthermalexpansioncoefficientattemperatureT derivativeofthelengthLwithrespecttotemperatureatthetemperatureT,dividedbythelengthattemperatureT T dT dL L 1 T (1) 3.3 meanlinearthermalexpans
24、ioncoefficientbetweentemperaturesT1andT2 linearthermalexpansionbetweentemperatures T 1 and T 2 dividedbythetemperatureincrement T 1 to T 2 andthe lengthattemperature T 1 1 1 2 2 1 T L T L T L T T , (2) 3.4 representativevolumeelement(R.V.E.) minimumvolumewhichisrepresentativeofthematerialconsideredE
25、N11591:2003(E) 5 4Principle 4.1General Atestpieceisheatedandsubsequentlycooled,eitherataspecifieduniformrateorusingdefinedtemperature increments.Itschangeoflengthanditstemperaturearemeasuredcontinuouslyoratregularfrequentintervals duringtheimposedtemperaturecycle. Oneoftwomethodsmaybeusedtodetermine
26、thelinearthermalexpansioncoefficient,eitherbydirect measurementorbyadifferentialmethod. 4.2Direct measurement Inthismethodthevariationinlengthofthetestpieceismeasureddirectly.Itisnecessarytoknowthechangein dimensionsofthetestpiecesupportsystembypreviouscalibration. Thetestpieceisplacedinaspecimenhol
27、derandismadetocontactadisplacementtransducerbyusingapush rodmadeofthesamematerialastheholder.Thisassemblyisputinafurnace.Thedifferentialexpansionbetween thetestpieceandthetestpieceholderismeasuredduringtheincreaseandthedecreaseintemperature. TheapparatusisshowninFigure1. 4.3 Differentialmethod Thism
28、ethodconsistsofmeasuringthechangesinlengthbetweenareferencepiece(see6.2)andthetestpiece. Itsisnotthereforenecessarytoknowthechangeindimensionsofthetestpiecesupportsystem. TheapparatusisshowninFigure2. 5Apparatus 5.1Construction materials Thetestpieceholderandthepushrodshallbemadefromthermomechanical
29、lystablematerialsofthesametype, whichshallbechemicallyinertandthermallycompatiblewiththetestpiecematerialundertheenvironmental conditionsofthetest. NOTE Fortemperaturesabove1400C,itisnecessarytoemployavacuumorinertgasatmosphere,withanonoxide materialappropriateforthetestenvironment,suchasagradeofden
30、segraphite. 5.2 Heatingandcoolingdevice Furnace,capableofworkinginacontrolledatmospherewhenrequired,andofcontrollingthetemperatureofthe testpiecetowithin1%ofitsmeantemperature,expressedinK. 5.3Temperature measurement Thermocouples,inaccordancewithEN605841,subjecttotheuppertemperaturerequirementsande
31、nvironmental consideration,exceptfortungstenrheniumcoupleswhichmaybeusedathighertemperatures,butarenot coveredbyEN605841shouldbeindividuallycalibrated.Fortemperatureinexcessof2000K,infrareddetectors oranysuitabledevicemaybeused. 5.4Test piece mounting Thedeviceusedshallallowfreeaxialmovementofthetes
32、tpieceandofthereferencepieceincaseofdifferential measurement.Themechanicalenvironmentshallminimizestresses.Forverticalmeasurementapparatus,thetest piecesshallbefreestandingandmechanicallystableontheendplate.FormeasuringapparatuswhichisEN11591:2003(E) 6 horizontalorinclinedtothehorizontal,thesideways
33、movementortwistofthetestpieceshallberestricted,without anyrestrictionofaxialmovement,byasuitablearrangement. 5.5 Systemformeasuringandrecordingthethermalexpansion System,capableofmeasuringdisplacementstoanaccuracybetterthan0,1 m.Thesystemshallallowrecording ofthetestpiecetemperautureandthedisplaceme
34、ntsimultaneously.Thesystemformeasuringofdisplacements shallbeperiodicallycalibratedinaccordancewithannexAfordirectmeasurementorannexBfordifferential measurement. 5.6Test piece measurement Deviceformeasuringthetestpiecedimensions,withanaccuracybetterthan0,05 mm(e.g.micrometerin accordancewithISO3611o
35、rcallipersinaccordancewithISO6906). 6Specimens 6.1Test pieces Thedimensionsofthetestpiecesdependonthetypeofapparatusused.Fordifferentialmeasurementsthetest pieceandthereferencepiece(see6.2)shallhavethesamelength L 0 (seeTable1). Thetestpieceshallbecutinsuchawaythattheaxisofdesiredmeasurementisrelate
36、dtotheprincipalfibre orientationsinaccordancewithagreementbetweenpartiestothemeasurement. Theendfacesofthelengthofthetestpieceshallbeplane,paralleltoeachotherandperpendiculartothelong axis. 6.2Reference pieces Referencematerialsshallbechosensothattheirpropertiesareascloseaspossibletothepropertiesoft
37、he materialtobetested.Thereferencepieceshallhaveavolumeofthesameorderandifpossibleshallhavethe samedimensionsasthetestpiece(seeTable1). Formeasurementathightemperature(over2000K)underinertatmosphere,referencematerialsgenerallyused areeithertungstenorhighlypurifiedgraphite.Referencematerialsshallbepr
38、ocuredfromacertifiedlaboratory. NOTE NISTintheUSAisonelaboratorywhichsuppliesreferencematerials.HighlypurifiedPOCOgraphiteislargely usedasareferenceformeasurementathightemperature.EN11591:2003(E) 7 6.3Dimensions Table1Recommendedtestpiecedimensions Dimensionsinmillimeters MaterialwithsmallR.V.E. (se
39、e3.4)suchas1Dor2D MaterialwithlargeR.V.E. (see3.4)suchasnD Tolerances L 0, totallength 30 70 0,2 B,width 7 h, thickness Dependingonmaterialand equipment Dependingonmaterialand equipment Dependingonmaterialand equipment diameter 3 0 Parallelism 0,01 0,01 NOTE1 Atestpiecevolumeofaminimumof5R.V.E.isrec
40、ommended(see3.4). NOTE2 Theshapeanddimensionsofthetestpiecedependonthestructureofreinforcement.Inthecaseofmaterialsuch as3D,alargetestpieceisoftennecessarywhentherepresentativevolumeelementisimportant. 7Procedure Inordertosimplifycalibrationprocedures,testpiecesandreferencepiecesofthesamelengthshoul
41、dbeused.If referenceandtestpieceshavedifferentlengths,thenitisnecessarytotakeintoaccountabaselineshift.Inthis case,refertoEN8211. Measuretheoriginallengthofthetestpieceatroomtemperaturetoanaccuracybetterthan0,2mm. Makesurethattheequipmenthasbeencalibratedforthetypeofmaterialpriortothetest,accordingt
42、othe proceduredescribedinannex Afordirectmeasurementdeterminationof Sand A andinannex Bfor differentialmeasurement(determinationof Sand ).Ifthetestistobeperformedinaninertorvacuum environment,establishtheenvironmentbeforecommencingheating. Positionthetestpieceintheequipmentandproceedwithheatingorcoo
43、lingatarateofbetween1K/minand 5K/mins,ensuringafairlyconstanttemperaturegradientalongandthroughthetestpiece.Ifthetemperatureis changedinsteps,theholdtemperatureshallbemaintaineduntilthelengthofthetestpieceshowsnochangefora periodof5mins. Incaseoflargetestpieces,astepwisetemperatureriseisrecommended. Themeanlinearthermalexpansioncoefficientshallbecalculatedastheaveragefromtheresultsoftestsonthree testpieces. 8Calculations 8.1Dire
