1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1312 : 1997 The Eur
2、opean Standard EN 1312 : 1997 has the status of a British Standard ICS 79.040 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Round and sawn timber Determination of the batch volume of sawn timberBS EN 1312 : 1997 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction
3、 of the Sector Board for Building and Civil Engineering, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 September 1997 BSI 1997 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference B/543/2 Draft for comment 94/100900 DC ISBN 0 58
4、0 27646 5 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Text affected Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by Technical Committee B/543, Round and sawn timber, to Subcommittee B/543/2, Sawn timber, upon which the following bodies
5、 were represented: British Timber Merchants Association British Woodworking Federation Department of the Environment (Building Research Establishment) Timber Packaging and Pallet Confederation Timber Research and Development Association Timber Trade Federation United Kingdom Softwood Sawmillers Asso
6、ciationBS EN 1312 : 1997 BSI 1997 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover National foreword ii Foreword 2 Text of EN 1312 3ii BSI 1997 BS EN 1312 : 1997 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared by Subcommittee B/543/2 and is the English language version of EN 1312
7、: 1997 Round and sawn timber Determination of the batch volume of sawn timber, published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). No existing British Standard is superseded. Cross-references Publication referred to Corresponding British Standard EN 844-3 BS EN 844 Round and sawn timber T
8、erminology Part 3 : 1995 General terms relating to sawn timber EN 975-1 BS EN 975 Sawn timber Appearance grading of hardwoods Part 1 : 1996 Oak and beech BS EN 1309 Round and sawn timber Method of measurement of dimensions EN 1309-1 Part 1 : 1997 Sawn timber Compliance with a British Standard does n
9、ot of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN title page, pages 2 to 4, an inside back cover and a back cover.CEN European Committee for Standardization Comite Europe en de Normalisation Euro
10、pa isches Komitee fu r Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1997 Copyright reserved to CEN members Ref. No. EN 1312 : 1997 E EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 1312 NORME EUROPE ENNE EUROPA ISCHE NORM February 1997 ICS 79.040 Descriptors: Wood, sawlogs, sawn timber, cubic content, meas
11、urements, calculation, volume English version Round and sawn timber Determination of the batch volume of sawn timber Bois ronds et bois scie s Determination du volume dun lot de sciages Rund- und Schnittholz Bestimmung des Losvolumens von Schnittholz This European Standard was approved by CEN on 199
12、6-12-27. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obta
13、ined on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secr
14、etariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.Page 2 EN 1312 : 1997
15、BSI 1997 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 175, Round and sawn timber, the Secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This standard is one of a series concerning sawn timber. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by
16、publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 1997, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 1997. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implem
17、ent this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Contents Page Foreword 2 1 Scope 3 2 Normative references 3 3 General 3 4 Basic rules 3 4.1
18、Measuring instruments 3 4.2 Measurement of the dimensions of pieces 3 4.3 Calculation of the volume of a piece 3 4.4 Calculation of the volume of a batch 3 5 Reduction for defects and insect or fungal damage (separated unedged boards and boules) 4Page 3 EN 1312 : 1997 BSI 1997 1 Scope This standard
19、specifies the rules for the determination of the batch volume of sawn timber. It applies to the volume of a batch of similar or dissimilar pieces of sawn softwood or hardwood. This standard applies to the following products defined in EN 844-3, for example: rough-sawn timber (boules and square sawn)
20、; regularized green timber; regularized dried timber; prepared timber; planed timber; regardless of whether or not the timber meets the requirements of any dimensional or qualitative standards. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from
21、 other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendmen
22、t or revision. For undated references, the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN 844-3 Round and sawn timber Terminology Part 3 : General terms relating to sawn timber EN 975-1 Sawn timber Appearance grading of hardwoods Part 1 : Oak and beech EN 1309-1 Round and sawn timber Meth
23、od of measurement of dimensions Part 1 : Sawn timber prEN 1611-1 Sawn softwood Appearance grades Part 1 : Criteria for quality standards prEN 1611-2 Sawn softwood Appearance grades Part 2 : Quality grading for European spruces and firs 3 General 3.1 The determination of the volume of sawn timber inc
24、ludes the taking of the dimensions and the calculation of volume. The dimensions to be measured are: thickness, t, width, b, and length, l, which are always expressed in that order. 3.2 The calculation of volume is the arithmetical operation destined to determine the commercial volume of a piece or
25、of a batch of pieces. The calculation methods for each case are defined below. 4 Basic rules 4.1 Measuring instruments Use the measuring instruments defined in EN 1309-1. 4.2 Measurement of the dimensions of pieces 4.2.1 General All dimensions are measured in mm. 4.2.2 Thickness and width Thickness
26、and width are measured according to EN 1309-1. For products with target sizes, the thickness and width are given at the reference moisture content. For products with dimensions contractually defined, the thickness and width at the contractual moisture content are given. Permitted deviations are not
27、taken into account. 4.2.3 Length The length of a piece is measured in accordance with EN 1309-1. It is the shortest length of a piece. 4.3 Calculation of the volume of a piece The volume of a sawn piece, V, is calculated by applying the formula: V = t3 b3 l where t is the thickness, in metres, to th
28、ree decimal places; b is the width, in metres, to three decimal places; l is the length, in metres, to three decimal places. Batches consisting of similar pieces are measured on the basis of the volume of a reference piece. If the volume of this piece is calculated as a separate operation, it shall
29、be expressed in m 3 to four decimal places. The volume of a piece, measured separately, is expressed in m 3 to three decimal places. 4.4 Calculation of the volume of a batch The volume of a batch shall be expressed in m 3 to three decimal places. 4.4.1 Batches of timber, all pieces of the same size
30、The volume is given by the formula: V = n3 V t where n is the number of pieces in the batch; V t is the volume of the reference piece.Page 4 EN 1312 : 1997 BSI 1997 4.4.2 Batches of timber, all pieces of equal thickness and width but varying in length Measure the length of each piece individually, i
31、n order to determine the total aggregate length of the batch. 4.4.3 Batches of timber, all pieces of equal thickness but varying in width and length The widths of equally long pieces are measured individually, in order to determine their total aggregate width. The calculation may be based on the tot
32、al width of a layer of planks, placed edge to edge. For each length, the volume is the aggregate width multiplied by the thickness and the length. 4.4.4 Batches of timber, with varying dimensions (thickness, length or width) It is recommended to split the batch into sub-batches containing pieces of
33、identical size, and then to proceed as above. 4.4.5 Volume of an unedged board, or a batch of separated unedged boards The volume is calculated taking half the width of any wane into account, ignoring bark, halfway along the length of the board. In case of a feature at this point which would give an
34、 incorrect result, two measurements are made equidistant from the mid-point and their mean is used. It is the supplier who measures. Sound sapwood is included in the measurement. 4.4.6 Volume of a boule Figure 1. Volume of a boule The total aggregate width is the basis of calculation. This total agg
35、regate width, or total width of the whole of the pieces in a boule, or of a series of successive pieces from any one boule, of equal length and thickness, is measured equidistant from the ends, perpendicular to the axis, ignoring bark. It is equal to the sum of the widths of the top faces of each un
36、edged board. If the widths of the top faces of each unedged board are referred to as AA9,B B9 ,C C9 ,D D9 ,E E9 ,. . . .,M M9 , then the developed width,S b, is shown by the following formula: S b =A A9+B B9+C C9+D D9+E E9+ . + MM9 5 Reduction for defects and insect or fungal damage (separated unedg
37、ed boards and boules) In accordance with the grade definitions laid down in EN 975-1, prEN 1611-1 and prEN 1611-2, volume reductions may be carried out where certain features or damage are present in the boards constituting the batch. One or more boards may not be withdrawn from a boule of a given g
38、rade on the grounds that they contain a defect or that they are unsound. In such a case, volume reduction is carried out so as to take into account only the part which is: sound, i.e. non-deteriorated; clear, i.e. not containing any defect or unsoundness which is liable to spread; saleable, i.e. sui
39、table for commercial use. The details of the features giving rise to volume reductions in oak and beech are explained in EN 975-1. NOTE. For other species less frequently sold in boule form, the features giving rise to volume reduction should be contractually defined. BSI 1997 BS EN 1312 : 1997 List
40、 of references See national foreword.BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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