1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 1538:2010Execution of specialgeotechnical works Diaphragm wallsLicensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 22/12/2010 07:43, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN 1538
2、:2010 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1538:2010. Itsupersedes BS EN 1538:2000 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee B/526, Geotechnics.A list of organizations represented on this committee
3、can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 65239 4ICS 93.020Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations
4、.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 September 2010.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedLicensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 22/12/2010 07:43, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN 1538:2010EUROPEAN
5、STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 1538 September 2010 ICS 93.020 Supersedes EN 1538:2000English Version Execution of special geotechnical work - Diaphragm walls Excution des travaux gotechniques spciaux - Parois moules Ausfhrung von Arbeiten im Spezialtiefbau - SchlitzwndeThis European Sta
6、ndard was approved by CEN on 2 July 2010. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning su
7、ch national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own langua
8、ge and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithu
9、ania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2010 C
10、EN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1538:2010: ELicensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 22/12/2010 07:43, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN 1538:2010EN 1538:2010 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword . 41 Scope 52 No
11、rmative references . 73 Terms and definitions . 84 Information needed for the execution of the work 104.1 General . 104.2 Special features . 105 Geotechnical investigation 115.1 General . 115.2 Specific requirements . 126 Materials and products . 136.1 Constituents 136.1.1 General . 136.1.2 Bentonit
12、e 136.1.3 Polymers 136.1.4 Cement . 136.1.5 Aggregates. 146.1.6 Water 146.1.7 Additions 146.1.8 Admixtures. 156.2 Support fluids 156.2.1 Bentonite suspensions . 156.2.2 Polymer solutions . 166.2.3 Fresh hardening slurries 176.3 Concrete . 176.3.1 General . 176.3.2 Aggregates. 176.3.3 Cement contents
13、 . 176.3.4 Water/cement ratio 186.3.5 Admixtures. 186.3.6 Fresh concrete 186.3.7 Production of concrete . 196.3.8 Sampling and testing on site . 196.4 Plastic concrete . 206.5 Hardening slurry . 206.6 Reinforcement . 206.7 Additional inserted products . 217 Considerations related to design 217.1 Gen
14、eral . 217.2 Panel stability 227.2.1 General considerations 227.2.2 General principle of design 227.2.3 Comparable experience 237.2.4 Stability considerations 237.2.5 Trial excavation(s) . 237.3 Socketing into rock . 247.4 Precast concrete panels . 247.5 Reinforcement cages 247.5.1 General considera
15、tions 247.5.2 Design principles 247.5.3 Vertical reinforcement 257.5.4 Horizontal reinforcement 25Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 22/12/2010 07:43, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN 1538:2010EN 1538:2010 (E) 3 7.5.5 Multiple cages and joints . 267.6 Recesses and perforations 267
16、.7 Minimum and nominal cover . 268 Execution . 278.1 Construction phases 278.2 Construction tolerances 278.2.1 Panel. 278.2.2 Retaining walls 288.2.3 Cut-off walls 288.2.4 Reinforcement cage 288.3 Preliminary works . 288.3.1 Working platform 288.3.2 Guide-walls 298.4 Excavation . 298.4.1 Supporting
17、the walls of the excavation 298.4.2 Excavation sequence . 308.4.3 Loss of support fluid 308.5 Cleaning the excavation . 308.6 Forming the joints . 308.7 Placing the reinforcement or other elements 318.8 Concreting and trimming . 318.8.1 General . 318.8.2 Concreting in dry conditions . 328.8.3 Concre
18、ting under support fluid . 328.8.4 Loss of immersion of tremie pipe . 338.8.5 Trimming 339 Supervision, testing and monitoring 3410 Records 3511 Special requirements 35Annex A (informative) Glossary 37Annex B (informative) Control schedules during the execution . 39Annex C (informative) Sample concr
19、eting record forms for diaphragm walls 45Annex D (informative) Degree of obligation of the provisions 46Bibliography . 50Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 22/12/2010 07:43, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN 1538:2010EN 1538:2010 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 1538:2010) has been
20、 prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 288 “Execution of special geotechnical works”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2011, and co
21、nflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2011. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This docu
22、ment supersedes EN 1538:2000. The general scope of TC 288 is the standardisation of the execution procedures for geotechnical works (including testing and control methods), and of the required material properties. WG15 has been charged to revise EN 1538:2000, with the subject area of both retaining
23、and cut-off diaphragm walls. This standard does not address the execution of barrettes, which is covered by EN 1536, Execution of special geotechnical work Bored piles. The design, planning and execution of retaining and cut-off diaphragm walls call for experience and knowledge in this specialised f
24、ield. The execution phase requires skilled and qualified personnel and the present standard cannot replace the expertise of specialist contractors. The document has been prepared to stand alongside EN 1997-1, Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design Part 1: General rules and EN 1997-2, Eurocode 7: Geotechnic
25、al design Part 2: Ground investigation and testing. This standard expands on design only where necessary (e.g. the detailing of reinforcement) and provides full coverage of the construction and supervision requirements. This standard contains additional requirements on concrete complementing the res
26、pective provisions of EN 206-1 and of EN 13670. The three standards are not yet fully accorded. It is anticipated that during future revisions several provisions now contained in EN 1538, e.g. in 6.1, 6.3 and 8.8 could be transferred to EN 206-1 and EN 13670. This document was revised by a working g
27、roup comprising delegates from 11 European countries. The comments from 13 European countries have been received and taken into account. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: A
28、ustria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdo
29、m. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 22/12/2010 07:43, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN 1538:2010EN 1538:2010 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard establishes general principles for the execution of diaphragm walls as either retaining walls or cut-off walls. NOTE 1 This standard
30、covers only structures constructed in a trench excavated with a support fluid or in dry conditions, where soil is removed and replaced by concrete or slurry and with wall thickness B 40 cm. NOTE 2 Diaphragm walls can be permanent or temporary structures. NOTE 3 The following types of structure are c
31、onsidered: a) retaining walls: usually constructed to support the sides of an excavation in the ground. They include: 1) cast in situ concrete diaphragm walls; 2) precast concrete diaphragm walls; 3) reinforced slurry walls; b) cut-off walls: usually constructed to prevent migration of groundwater,
32、clear or polluted, or of other contaminants present in the ground. They include: 1) slurry walls (possibly with membranes or sheet piles); 2) plastic concrete walls. NOTE 4 Walls formed shallow vertical trenches (typically excavations with a ratio of depth over thickness D/B 5 or D 5 m) are not cove
33、red by this standard. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 22/12/2010 07:43, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN 1538:2010EN 1538:2010 (E) 6 Key 1 Wall thickness (B) 7 Guide-wall 2 Horizontal length of reinforcement cage 8 Cut off level 3 Cage width 9 Vertical length of reinforcement c
34、age 4 Length of panel 10 Reinforcement cage 5 Platform level 11 Depth of excavation (D) 6 Casting level 12 Concave portion of curved joints Figure 1 Geometry of a panel Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 22/12/2010 07:43, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN 1538:2010EN 1538:2010 (E)
35、7 Key P Primary S Secondary 1 Starter 2 Intermediate 3 Closure Figure 2 Schematic examples of different types of panels and joints (plan view) 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cite
36、d applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 197-1:2000, Cement Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements EN 206-1:2000, Concrete Part 1: Specification, performance, production and conform
37、ity EN 791, Drill rigs Safety EN 934-2, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout Part 2: Concrete admixtures Definitions, requirements, conformity, marking and labelling EN 1008, Mixing water for concrete Specification for sampling, testing and assessing the suitability of water, including water re
38、covered from processes in the concrete industry, as mixing water for concrete EN 1990, Eurocode Basis of structural design EN 1991 (all parts), Eurocode 1: Actions on structures EN 1992 (all parts), Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures EN 1997-1, Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design Part 1: General
39、rules Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 22/12/2010 07:43, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN 1538:2010EN 1538:2010 (E) 8 EN 1997-2, Eurocode 7 Geotechnical design Part 2: Ground investigation and testing EN 1998 (all parts), Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistanc
40、e EN 10025-2, Hot rolled products of structural steels Part 2: Technical delivery conditions for non-alloy structural steels EN 10080, Steel for the reinforcement of concrete Weldable reinforcing steel General EN 10210 (all parts), Hot finished structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain
41、steels EN 10219 (all parts), Cold formed welded structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels EN 10248 (all parts), Hot rolled sheet piling of non alloy steels EN 10249 (all parts), Cold formed sheet piling of non alloy steels EN 12620, Aggregates for concrete EN 13670, Execution of
42、concrete structures 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 cast in situ concrete diaphragm wall fr paroi moule en bton de Ortbetonschlitzwand wall made of plain or reinforced concrete, which is constructed in a trench excavated in th
43、e ground NOTE The excavation is carried out in discrete length to form panels and the concrete is placed through tremie pipes immersed in the fresh concrete. In some cases the excavation and the concreting may be carried out in dry conditions. 3.2 plastic concrete wall fr paroi moule en bton plastiq
44、ue de Tonbetonschlitzwand wall made of plastic concrete, which is constructed in a trench in the ground NOTE The excavation is carried out in panels and the concrete is placed through tremie pipes most of the time immersed in a support fluid. In some cases the excavation and the concreting may be ca
45、rried out in dry conditions. 3.3 precast concrete diaphragm wall fr paroi prfabrique en bton de Fertigteilschlitzwand wall made of precast elements which are lowered into a trench excavated in the ground containing a hardening slurry 3.4 reinforced slurry wall fr paroi moule en coulis arm de bewehrt
46、e Einphasenschlitzwand wall made from a hardening slurry reinforced by steel beams, steel mesh or other suitable elements 3.5 slurry wall fr paroi moule en coulis de Einphasenschlitzwand wall made from a hardening slurry Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 22/12/2010 07:43, Uncont
47、rolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN 1538:2010EN 1538:2010 (E) 9 NOTE In most cases, the excavation is carried out using a hardening slurry as the support fluid. Sealing elements such as membranes or sheetpiles may be inserted. 3.6 plastic concrete fr bton plastique de Tonbeton low strength, low Youngs modulus
48、 concrete capable of sustaining larger strains than normal concrete NOTE It usually consists of low cement content concrete mixed at a high water cement ratio. It may include bentonite and/or other clay materials and/or other materials such as pulverized fuel ash (PFA) and admixtures. 3.7 hardening
49、slurry fr coulis autodurcissant de selbsterhrtende Suspension slurry which hardens with time NOTE The slurry is a suspension which contains cement or another binder, and additional materials such as clay (bentonite), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) or pulverized fuel ash (PFA), fillers, sand and admixtures. Hardening slurries are generally use
