1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1557 : 1997 The Eur
2、opean Standard EN 1557 : 1996 has the status of a British Standard ICS. 71.100.40 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Surface active agents Colorimetric characterization of optically clear coloured liquids (products) as X, Y , Z tristimulus values in transmissionBS
3、 EN 1557 : 1997 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Board for Materials and Chemicals, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 May 1997 BSI 1997 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Co
4、mmittee reference CII/34 Draft for comment 94/505626 DC ISBN 0 580 27088 2 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Text affected Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee CII/34, Methods of test for surfac
5、e active agents, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Association for Chemical Specialities Chemical Industries Association Chemical Industries Association (GOSIP) Laboratory of the Government Chemist Ministry of Defence (DRA) Soap and Detergent Industry AssociationBS EN 1557 :
6、1997 BSI 1997 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover National foreword ii Foreword 2 Text of EN 1557 3ii BSI 1997 BS EN 1557 : 1997 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CII/34, and is the English language version of EN 1557 : 1996 Surfac
7、e active agents Colorimetric characterization of optically clear coloured liquids (products) as X, Y, Z, tristimulus values in transmission, published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Cross-references Publication referred to Corresponding British Standard ISO 4630 : 1981 BS 6782
8、: Binders for paints Part 5 : 1987 Method for estimation of colour of clear liquids by the Gardner colour scale ISO 7724-1 : 1984 BS 3900 : Methods of test for paints Group D : Optical tests on paint films Part D8 : 1986 Determination of colour and colour difference: principles Compliance with a Bri
9、tish Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN title page, pages 2 to 10, an inside back cover and a back cover.CEN European Committee for Standardization Comite Europe en
10、de Normalisation Europa isches Komitee fu r Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1996 Copyright reserved to CEN members. Ref. No. EN 1557 : 1996 E EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 1557 NORME EUROPE ENNE EUROPA ISCHE NORM September 1996 ICS 71.100.40 Descriptors: Surfactants, soluble
11、matter, colorimetric properties, measurements, colours, comparison, photometry English version Surface active agents Colorimetric characterization of optically clear coloured liquids (products) as X, Y , Z Tristimulus values in transmission Agents de surface Caracte risation colorime trique des liqu
12、ides (produits) colore s optiquement clairs par composantes trichromatiques X, Y , Z en transmittance Grenzfla chenaktive Stoffe Farbmetrische Charakterisierung von optisch klaren, gefa rbten Flu ssigkeiten (Produkten) als X-, Y -, Z- Transmissions-Farbwert This European Standard was approved by CEN
13、 on 1996-08-25. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may
14、be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Centr
15、al Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.Page 2 EN 1557
16、: 1996 BSI 1997 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 276, Surface active agents, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorse
17、ment, at the latest by March 1997, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 1997. Annexes A, B, C and D are informative. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this
18、European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom. Contents Page Foreword 2 0 Introduction 3 1 Scope 3 2 Normative references 3 3 Principle 3 4 Apparatus and r
19、eagents 3 5 Preparation of the test sample 4 6 Procedure 4 7 Calculation 4 8 Test report 5 Annex A (informative) Colour numbers in comparison 5 Annex B (informative) Bibliography 9 Annex C (informative) Notes on procedure 9 Annex D (informative) Results of a ring test of APHA-measurements 10Page 3 E
20、N 1557 : 1996 BSI 1997 0 Introduction The basic disadvantage of visual subjective comparisons of coloured solutions is that individuals differ in their perception of colour ; added to this is the difficulty of describing shade variations verbally with reference to agreed scales for coloured liquids.
21、 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a method for the colorimetric characterization of optically clear, slightly tinted liquids (products) by broad-band measurement of pure transmittance with tristimulus value measuring filters as T X , T Y and T Z . Since the tristimulus value measuring filter
22、s of simple tristimulus colorimeters meet the Luther condition to a limited extent only it is necessary to deliberately restrict the liquids (products) to slightly tinted ones in order to be able to measure them sufficiently exactly with a single calibration against uncoloured distilled water. If th
23、e colour of heavily coloured solutions is measured with simple tristimulus colorimeters, it is necessary to calibrate the instrument with a spectrometrically measured standard of very similar colour. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions
24、 from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by ame
25、ndment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. ISO 4630 : 1981 Binders for paints and varnishes Estimation of colour of clear liquids by Gardner colour scale ISO 6271 : 1981 Clear liquids Estimation of colour by the platinum-cobalt scale ISO 772
26、4-1 : 1984 Paints and varnishes - Colorimetry - Part 1 : Principles 3 Principle The principle of the method is the broad-band transmission measurement with X, Y, Z- tristimulus value measuring filters in simple tristimulus colorimeters with special equipped spectral photometers. The tristimulus colo
27、rimeter is calibrated with the tristimulus value measuring filters in each case of 100,0 with a 1 cm square cuvette filled with distilled water. The slightly tinted, optically clear liquid is measured in the calibrated filter photometer in 1 cm square cuvette with X, Y, Z- tristimulus value measurin
28、g filters. The T N (N = X, Y and Z) transmittance characterizes the sample directly. NOTE 1. Different types of colour numbers are compared in annex A. NOTE 2. Measurement with other layer thicknesses and conversion by the Bouguer-Lamber-Beer law is permissible (with optically clear, i.e. non-diffus
29、ing, solutions), provided that the light passes through the solutions at a specific angle and the law is applicable to the solution in question. Conversion to the CIE tristimulus values X, Y and Z is also possible (see clause 7). 4 Apparatus and reagents 4.1 Tristimulus colorimeter, equipped with X,
30、 Y, Z- tristimulus value measuring filters for the 2 standard observer and CIE illuminant C or suitable spectral photometer. 4.2 1 cm glass or plastics cuvettes. NOTE. It is possible and advantageous to use cheap disposable plastics cuvettes. 4.3 Distilled water or water of equivalent purity .Page 4
31、 EN 1557 : 1996 BSI 1997 Table 1. Examples of instrument readings T N (N=X ,Y ,Z ) Liquid Transmittances T X T Y T Z Pale yellowish beer 93,7 89,1 61,0 White wine 97,5 96,4 86,1 Red wine 49,2 27,9 10,6 (Blue) copper sulfate solution (20 %) (solution of 20 g CuSO 4 .5 H 2 O in 100 ml water) 26,1 59,6
32、 98,2 (Green) nickel sulfate (20 %) (solution of 20 g NiSO 4 .6 H 2 O in 100 ml water) 32,1 62,7 45,2 1) See CIE Publication N 15.2 (1986). 5 Preparation of the test sample The slightly tinted, optically clear liquid shall be filled into 1 cm cells. Air bubbles shall be prevented from adhering to th
33、e cell walls. Bubbles can be eliminated by allowing the liquid level to rise slowly, e.g. by filling through (plastic disposable) pipettes. Pastes or solids shall be melted first. Turbid liquids shall be filtered until they are clear. If it is not desirable or possible to filter an optically turbid
34、liquid the diffusing solutions shall be measured under special conditions, usually with an Ulbricht sphere (integrating sphere). Conversion to other layer thicknesses is not possible in this case. NOTE. The temperature during the sample preparation has an influence on the colour, depending on the ch
35、emical composition of the sample. In practice because of the short time of sample preparation this effect can be neglected. 6 Procedure Equip the tristimulus colorimeter with a 1 cm cell, which is filled with bubble-free distilled water (4.3). Insert the tristimulus filter (e.g. for T Z ) and calibr
36、ate the display to 100,0. Carry out the same procedure for filters T X and T Y if required. Insert the 1 cm cuvettes containing the optically clear liquids to be investigated and measure the T Z transmittances (if necessary T X and T Y as well) for the CIE 2 Standard observer and CIE illuminant C. N
37、OTE 1. For better differentiation very pale, optically clear solutions should be measured in a thicker layer, for example in a 5 cm cell, so as to obtain a reliable reading. The results are then converted to those for a 1 cm thick layer at the evaluation stage. NOTE 2. Results of a ring test of APHA
38、-measurements are given in annex D. State every deviation from these conditions in the test report. 7 Calculation The instrument readings T N (N = X, Y or Z) measured with a 1 cm path length can be used directly. For examples of instrument readings see table 1. Those measured with a layer of any oth
39、er thickness shall be converted to those for a 1 cm thick layer by equation (1): T N = 100 (1) T N,d 100 d 1 where: d is the layer thickness in centimetres ; T N is the transmittance in percent. The transmittances T N relative to the 1 cm layer thickness can be used either directly or after conversi
40、on to the decimal absorbency (also known as extinction/absorbence A) according to equation (2) : A = lg (2) 100 T N The T N (N = X, Y or Z) transmittances can be converted to the CIE tristimulus values X, Y and Z for CIE illuminant C according to the following equations 1) : X = 0,7832 T X + 0,1975
41、T Z (3) Y = T Y (4) Z = 1,1822 T Z (5) From these the CIE chromaticity co-ordinates can be calculated by using equation (6) : x = (6) or y = X X + Y + Z Y X + Y + Z NOTE. In calculating the CIE tristimulus value X from equation (3) it is assumed that in the tristimulus colorimeter the CIE spectral t
42、ristimulus value X (l) is formed a long-wave T X -filter and a short-wave T Z -filter, as is usually the case in practice. Further conversions of the CIE tristimulus values into colour difference systems with almost uniform colour difference scale, e.g. the CIELAB system, can be realized in accordan
43、ce with ISO/CIE 10526, ISO/CIE 10527 and ISO 7724-1.Page 5 EN 1557 : 1996 BSI 1997 8 Test report The test report shall state the following information: a) type and identification of the sample; b) transmittance T X ,T Y and T Z and corresponding X, Y, Z-tristimulus values; c) deviations from the cuv
44、ette layer thickness of 1 cm, the standard illuminant C and the 2 (small-field) standard observer; d) date of test. Annex A (informative) Colour numbers in comparison Hazen numbers, iodine colour numbers, Gardner numbers, or other colour numbers may be determined as X, Y, Z-tristimulus values of pro
45、ducts if the tristimulus values lies exactly on the colour scale curve in the x-y diagram. These agreed scales may be used in those cases, when the definition of colour gives no ambiguity or does not need a sharp evaluation. When there are variations in shade, the indication of such a colour number
46、is not possible. For pale yellow liquids (products) it may suffice, for orientation purposes, to determine only the transmittance T Z , which is measured with a Z tristimulus filter. In order to permit correlation with some colour scales used, the transmittance, extinction/absorbence A (and CIE chro
47、maticity co-ordinates) of the iodine colour numbers, the Hazen (APHA) colour scale and the Gardner colour scale are compared in tables A.1 to A.3 ; some of these were checked by round-robin tests conducted under the supervision of CESIO (Comite Europe en des Agents de Surface et leurs Interme diaire
48、s Organiques). In accordance with these tests the tolerances relative to pale colour numbers, can be indicated with 10 APHA units and 0,3 iodine colour number units. BSI 1997 Page 6 EN 1557 : 1996 Table A.1 Iodine colour number ; Illuminate C ; 2 standard observer ; 1 cm cuvette Iodine colour number
49、 X Filter Y Filter Z Filter Chromaticity co-ordinates Extinction/ absorbence Transmittance Extinction/ absorbence Transmittance Extinction/absorbence Transmittancexy AT X AT Y AT Z Achromatic Locus 100 100 100 0,3101 0,3162 0,5 0,001 99,8 0,002 99,5 0,023 94,8 0,3141 0,3226 1,0 0,001 99,8 0,004 99,0 0,046 89,9 0,3185 0,3287 1,5 0,002 99,5 0,007 98,4 0,068 85,5 0,3222 0,3344 2,0 0,003 99,3 0,008 98,2 0,090 81,3 0,3256 0,3408 3,0 0,005 98,9 0,013 97,1 0,132 73,8 0,3330 0,3513 4,0 0,006 98,6 0,016 96,4 0,170 67,6 0,33
