1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1669 : 1997 The Eur
2、opean Standard EN 1669 : 1996 has the status of a British Standard ICS 77.150.10 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Aluminium and aluminium alloys Test methods Earing test for sheet and stripBS EN 1669 : 1997 This British Standard, having been prepared under the d
3、irection of the Engineering Sector Board, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 June 1997 BSI 1997 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference NFE/35 Draft for comment 94/713475 DC ISBN 0 580 27139 0 Amendments
4、issued since publication Amd. No. Date Text affected Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee NFE/35, Light metals and their alloys, upon which the following bodies were represented: Aluminium Federation Aluminium
5、Stockholders Association Association of Light Alloy Refiners Limited Magnesium Industry Council Ministry of DefenceBS EN 1669 : 1997 BSI 1997 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover National foreword ii Foreword 2 Text of EN 1669 3ii BSI 1997 BS EN 1669 : 1997 National foreword Thi
6、s British Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee NFE/35 and is the English language version of EN 1669 : 1996 Aluminium and aluminium alloys Test methods Earing test for sheet and strip, published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Cross-references Publications referred
7、to Corresponding British Standards ISO 468 BS 1134 Assessment of surface texture Part 1: 1988 Methods and instrumentation ISO 6507-1 BS EN 23878 : 1993 Hardmetals. Vickers hardness test Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages Thi
8、s document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN title page, pages 2 to 8, an inside back cover and a back cover.CEN European Committee for Standardization Comite Europe en de Normalisation Europa isches Komitee fu r Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B
9、-1050 Brussels 1996 Copyright reserved to CEN members Ref. No. EN 1669 : 1996 E EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 1669 NORME EUROPE ENNE EUROPA ISCHE NORM September 1996 ICS 77.120.10; 77.140.90 Descriptors: Aluminium, aluminium alloys, metal plates, steel strips, tests, cupping, determination, height English ve
10、rsion Aluminium and aluminium alloys Test methods Earing test for sheet and strip Aluminium et alliages daluminium Me thodes dessai Mesure de lindice de cornes a lemboutissage pour les to les et les bandes Aluminium und Aluminiumlegierungen Pru fverfahren Zipfelpru fung an Blechen und Ba ndern This
11、European Standard was approved by CEN on 1996-08-29. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references co
12、ncerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its o
13、wn language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerla
14、nd and United Kingdom.Page 2 EN 1669 : 1996 BSI 1997 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 132, Aluminium and aluminium alloys, the Secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by
15、publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 1997, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 1997. Within its programme of work, Technical Committee CEN/TC 132 entrusted CEN/TC 132/WG 7, Sheet, strip and plate, to prepare the following
16、 standard: EN 1669 Aluminium and aluminium alloys Test methods Earing test for sheet and strip According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France,
17、 Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Contents Page Foreword 2 1 Scope 3 2 Normative references 3 3 Symbols and designations 3 4 Principle 3 5 Testing equipment 3 6 Test piece 4 7 Procedure 4 8 Interpretation o
18、f results 5 9 Test documentation 5 Annexes A (normative) Recommended punch and die dimensions 6 B (normative) Alternative method for calculating earing height 7Page 3 EN 1669 : 1996 BSI 1997 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the method for determining the ear height of sheet and strip of nomi
19、nal thicknesses from 0,08 mm to 6 mm after deep drawing. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter.
20、 For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. ISO 468 Surface roughness Parameters, the
21、ir values and general rules for specifying requirements ISO 6507-1 Metallic materials Hardness test Vickers test Part 1: HV 5 to HV 100 3 Symbols and designations The symbols and designations used in the earing test are specified in figures 1 and 2 and in table 1. 4 Principle Drawing of cylindrical
22、cups from circular blanks taken from metallic sheet and strip and evaluation of the height of any earing produced by this process. 5 Testing equipment 5.1 The arrangement for the test equipment is given in figure 1. The punch shall be capable of moving along the axial centreline of the die, blankhol
23、der and circular blank. The equipment shall be such that ironing of ears due to the blankholder force and/or due to the insufficient clearance between the punch and die is avoided and so that the cup can be removed without damaging the ears. 5.2 The machine shall be capable of controlling the speed
24、of drawing and the blankholder force. 5.3 The machine shall be equipped with a device for locating the circular blank concentrically with the axial line of the machine. NOTE. The device for concentrically locating the blank is not required if the circular blank is produced as a part of the cup formi
25、ng process. 5.4 The combinations of the punch and die diameters shall be chosen, in relation to the nominal sheet thickness, such that the clearance between punch and die (i.e. ; see figure 1) is at least 1,15 times the d 2 2 d 1 2 nominal sheet thickness and not more than 1,8 times the nominal shee
26、t thickness. Recommended sets of punch and dies to be used in relation to sheet thickness are given in annex A. 5.5 The corner radius of the punch, R 1 , shall be (5,0 0,05) mm for the 33 mm diameter punch and (7,0 0,05) mm for the 50 mm diameter punch. 5.6 The die, the blankholder and the punch sha
27、ll be sufficiently rigid not to deform appreciably during the test. The Vickers hardness of working surfaces of the die, the blankholder and the punch shall be at least 750 HV 30 (measurement according to ISO 6507-1). The surfaces of the die and the blankholder which contact the test piece shall hav
28、e a roughness value R a (measurement according to ISO 468) not exceeding: 0,1mm for thicknesses up to 0,45 mm; 0,5mm for thicknesses over 0,45 mm up to 1,25 mm; 1,0mm for thicknesses over 1,25 mm. Table 1. Symbols and designations Symbol Designation Unit a Thickness of the test piece mm d 1 Diameter
29、 of the punch mm R 1 Corner radius of the punch mm d 2 Inside diameter of the die mm R 2 Inside corner radius of the die mm d b Diameter of the circular blank mm h p Distance between outside bottom of cup to any ear peak mm h p Mean value of h p mm h pxx Distance between outside bottom of cup to any
30、 ear peak at xx to the rolling direction mm h pxx Mean value of h pxx mm h v Distance between outside bottom of cup to any ear valley mm h v Mean value of h v mm h vxx Distance between outside bottom of cup to any ear valley at xx to the rolling direction mm h vxx Mean value of h vxx mm h Mean cup h
31、eight mm h e Mean height of ear mm Z Mean height of ear expressed in percentage % h exx Mean height of ear at xx to the rolling direction mm S xx Mean height of ear at xx to the rolling direction expressed in percentage % R a Surface roughness parameter: arithmetical mean deviation of the profile mm
32、Page 4 EN 1669 : 1996 BSI 1997 Figure 1. Schematic of the testing equipment Figure 2. Schematic section of the cup 6 Test piece 6.1 Circular blanks are used as test pieces. The drawing ratio, i.e. the ratio of blank diameter to punch diameter, shall be as large as possible without the risk of tearin
33、g at the bottom of the cup. The recommended blank diameters are: d b = 60 mm or 64 mm when d 1 =3 3m m ; d b = 90 mm when d 1 =5 0m m . For a test series or comparative tests the same drawing ratio shall be maintained in all cases. 6.2 The test piece shall be free of burrs on the edges which would i
34、nterfere with the test. 7 Procedure 7.1 In general, the test shall be carried out at ambient temperature within the limits of 10 C to 35 C. In case of dispute, a temperature range of (23 5) C should be agreed upon between purchaser and supplier. 7.2 Select the appropriate punch and die in accordance
35、 with 5.4 and A.2. 7.3 Before testing coat the two faces of the test piece lightly and uniformly with an appropriate lubricant (tallow is frequently used). NOTE. Test results depend on the type and quantity of lubricant used. In case of dispute, lubrication conditions should be discussed between pur
36、chaser and supplier.Page 5 EN 1669 : 1996 BSI 1997 7.4 Locate the circular blank concentrically between the blankholder and the die. Apply the blankholding force that is just sufficient to prevent wrinkling of the flange (see 5.1). NOTE. If it is not known what blankholder force is required to achie
37、ve this, it should be found by trial. The values in table 2 are provided for guidance for the first attempt. Table 2. Typical blankholder force Diameter of punch Blankholder force (N) mm Soft temper Strain-hardened 33 1 000 4 000 50 2 000 8 000 7.5 Bring the punch into contact with the test piece an
38、d form the cup without a flange. 7.6 Cups showing faults or irregular deformations (for example as a consequence of misalignment or non-uniform lubrication) shall be rejected. 7.7 Measure each peak h p and each valley h v of the cup with an accuracy of at least 0,05 mm, either manually or automatica
39、lly. 8 Interpretation of results 8.1 The main information given by the test is the earing percentage and the orientation of the ears relative to the rolling direction of the sheet. The method of calculation for the earing percentage is given in 8.2. However if a more detailed description of the eari
40、ng system is required, the method given in annex B may be used when agreed between supplier and purchaser. 8.2 Steps of calculation: Mean value of the ear peaks h p and of the ear valleys h v : (1) h p = h p1 + h p2 + h p3 + Number of ear peaks (2) h v = h v1 + h v2 + h v3 + Number of ear valleys Me
41、an height of ears: (3) h e = h p 2 h v Mean height of ears expressed in percentage: (4) Z= 3100 h e h where h is the mean cup height defined as: h = (5) h p + h v 2 or: (6) Z= 3100 h e h v the latter formula being more appropriate in the case of a cup that is not perfectly symmetrical. 9 Test docume
42、ntation 9.1 Test report The test report shall include the following information: a) identification of the test piece; b) earing percentage Z according to 8.2 (or as per annex B when agreed); c) orientation of the dominant earing system when specified. 9.2 Additional information Testing shall be carr
43、ied out according to written procedures which shall include: a) reference to this standard; b) diameter of the circular blank depending on thickness; c) diameter of the punch depending on thickness; d) diameter of the die depending on thickness; e) blankholder force; f) type of lubricant; g) punch s
44、peed.Page 6 EN 1669 : 1996 BSI 1997 Annex A (normative) Recommended punch and die dimensions A.1 A punch diameter of 33 mm is found acceptable up to a sheet thickness of about 3 mm. For higher sheet thicknesses it is recommended to use a 50 mm diameter punch in order to get a well formed cup. A.2 Th
45、e clearance between punch and die may have some influence on the result of the test, depending also on the other test parameters. The range of clearance ratio from 1,15 to 1,8 is generally considered too large to obtain consistent results. Therefore when comparing test results from different laborat
46、ories, this parameter should be taken into account. Although no consensus has been achieved on a more restricted range, the benefits of a standardized set of dies has been recognized and use of the dies listed in table A.1 is therefore recommended. Table A.1 also gives for convenience, for two restr
47、icted ranges of clearance ratio, a possible relationship between sheet thickness and die diameter. Table A.1 Recommended punch and die dimensions Dimensions in millimetres Diameter Inside diameter of die Inside corner radius of die Maximum surface roughness Thickness of test material a Clearance rat
48、io 1,15 to 1,52 Clearance ratio 1,34 to 1,76 d 1 d 2 R 2 R a mm from up to from up to 33,00 33,28 2,5 0,1 0,095 0,120 0,080 0,100 33,00 33,35 2,5 0,1 0,121 0,150 0,101 0,125 33,00 33,43 2,5 0,1 0,151 0,185 0,126 0,157 33,00 33,55 2,5 0,1 0,186 0,235 0,158 0,195 33,00 33,67 2,5 0,1 0,236 0,280 0,196
49、0,240 33,00 33,80 2,5 0,1 0,281 0,345 0,241 0,290 33,00 34,00 2,5 0,1 0,346 0,435 0,291 0,360 33,00 34,25 2,5 0,1 0,436 0,535 0,361 0,450 33,00 34,55 2,5 0,1 0,536 0,665 0,451 0,555 33,00 34,90 5 0,5 0,666 0,800 0,556 0,670 33,00 35,25 5 0,5 0,801 0,940 0,671 0,800 33,00 35,60 5 0,5 0,941 1,130 0,801 0,965 33,00 36,35 5 0,5 1,131 1,450 0,966 1,250 33,00 37,40 5 0,5 1,451 1,900 1,251 1,600 33,00 38,45 5 1,0 1,901 2,350 1,601 2,000 33,00 39,75 5 1,0 2,351 2,900 2,001 2,400 33,00 41,20 5 1,0 2,901 3,500 2
