1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 1927-1:2008Qualitative classification of softwood round timber Part 1: Spruces and firsICS 79.040g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g
2、42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN 1927-1:2008This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 May 2008 BSI 2008ISBN 978 0 580 56622 6National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1927-1:2008. It supersedes DD ENV 1927-1:1999
3、which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/543, Round and sawn timber.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of
4、a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsEUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 1927-1March 2008ICS 79.040 Supersedes ENV 1927-
5、1:1998 English VersionQualitative classification of softwood round timber - Part 1:Spruces and firsClassement qualitatif des bois ronds rsineux - Partie 1 :Epicas et sapinsQualitts-Sortierung von Nadel-Rundholz - Teil 1: Fichtenund TannenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 February 2008
6、.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on ap
7、plication to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre
8、has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Por
9、tugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means r
10、eservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 1927-1:2008: EEN 1927-1:2008 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Terms and definitions .4 4 Qualitative classification for which the intended use is unknown.5 5 Rules for grading .6 6 Additional criteria 7 Annex A (
11、informative) Qualitative classification for which the intended use is known.8 Annex B (informative) Adeviations9 BS EN 1927-1:2008EN 1927-1:2008 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 1927-1:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 175 “Round and sawn timber”, the secretariat of which is held
12、 by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2008. Attention is drawn to the possibil
13、ity that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document will supersede ENV 1927-1:1998. EN 1927 consists of the following parts with the main title Qualitative cl
14、assification of softwood round timber: EN 1927-1, Spruces and firs EN 1927-2, Pines EN 1927-3, Larches and Douglas fir According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, B
15、ulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 1927-1:2008EN 1927
16、-1:2008 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the qualitative classification for the roundwood of spruces (Picea spp) and firs (Abies spp). The classification is made either using Clauses 4 and 5 or using Annex A. Clauses 4 and 5 describe the qualitative classification of round timber for w
17、hich the intended use is unknown. Informative Annex A gives a list of characteristics which serves as a guideline for contracts describing qualities for round timber of spruces and firs where the intended use is known. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for t
18、he application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 844-1:1995, Round and sawn timber Terminology Part 1: General terms common to round timber and sawn timb
19、er EN 844-2:1997, Round and sawn timber Terminology Part 2: General terms relating to round timber EN 844-5:1997, Round and sawn timber Terminology Part 5: Terms relating to dimensions of round timber EN 844-7:1997, Round and sawn timber Terminology Part 7: Terms relating to anatomical structure of
20、timber EN 844-8:1997, Round and sawn timber Terminology Part 8: Terms relating to features of round timber EN 844-9:1997, Round and sawn timber Terminology Part 9: Terms relating to features of sawn timber EN 844-10:1998, Round and sawn timber Terminology Part 10: Terms relating to stain and fungal
21、attack EN 844-12:2000, Round and sawn timber Terminology Part 12: Additional terms and general index EN 1309-2, Round and sawn timber Method of measurement of dimensions Part 2: Round timber - Requirements for measurement and volume calculation rules EN 1310, Round and sawn timber Method of measurem
22、ent of features EN 1311, Round and sawn timber Method of measurement of biological degrade ISO 2036, Wood for manufacture of wood flooring Symbols for marking according to species 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 844-1:1995, EN 844-2:19
23、97, EN 844-5:1997, EN 844-7:1997, EN 844-8:1997, EN 844-9:1997, EN 844-10:1998 and EN 844-12:2000 apply. BS EN 1927-1:2008EN 1927-1:2008 (E) 5 4 Qualitative classification for which the intended use is unknown The qualitative grading has four classes: A, B, C and D. The grading is based on the follo
24、wing general description of quality classes: Quality class A First quality timber. Generally corresponding to a butt log with clear timber, without defects or with only minor defects and with few restrictions to its use. Quality class B Timber of average to first quality, with no specific requiremen
25、ts for clear wood. Knots are permitted to such an extent as is considered to be average for each species. Quality class C Timber of average to low quality, allowing all quality characteristics which do not seriously reduce the natural characteristics of the wood. Quality class D Timber which can be
26、sawn into usable wood, which, because of its characteristics, falls into none of the quality classes A, B or C. The classes are defined more precisely in Table 1. All the listed qualitative characteristics in Table 1 shall be taken into account when a class is assigned, and measurements shall be mad
27、e according to EN 1309-2, EN 1310 and EN 1311. This classification shall be completed with the Latin name of the specified species. The abbreviation of this Latin name can also be used instead of the full name. EXAMPLE 1 Fir: Abies alba class B or ABIA-B1. EXAMPLE 2 Spruce: Picea abies class B or PI
28、CA-B1. 1Symbols given in ISO 2036 BS EN 1927-1:2008EN 1927-1:2008 (E) 6 5 Rules for grading Table 1 Grading of spruces and firs Classes Characteristics A B C D knots intergrown, sound not permitted a 4 cm 8 cm permitted dead not permitted 3 cm 6 cm permitted unsound not permitted not permitted 3 cm
29、permitted resin pocket not permitted a1 per cross-section permitted permitted rate of growth 4 mm 7 mm unlimited unlimited growth spiral grain 3 cm/m 7 cm/m 10 cm/m unlimited eccentric pith 10 % 15 % unlimited unlimited reaction wood bnot permitted 10 % 33 % unlimited sweep c 20 cm no requirement 1
30、cm/m 1,5 cm/m 3 cm/m 20 cm to 35 cm 1 cm/m 1 cm/m 1,5 cm/m 3,5 cm/m 35 cm 1 cm/m 1,5 cm/m 2 cm/m 4,5 cm/m taperc 20 cm no requirement 1,25 cm/m 2 cm/m unlimited 20 cm to 35 cm unlimited 1,5 cm/m 2,5 cm/m unlimited 35 cm unlimited 2 cm/m 4 cm/m unlimited shakes 35 cm not permitted not permitted 1/2 p
31、ermitted heart shakes (except check) c 35 cm 1/4 1/4 1/2 permitted ring shakes c 35 cm not permitted not permitted not permitted 1/2 35 cm not permitted 1/4 1/3 1/2 insect attack 2 mm (e.g. Trypodendron lineatum) not permitted not permitted not permitted dpermitted 2 mm (e.g. Sirex, Cerambycidae) no
32、t permitted not permitted not permittedSmall-scale attack permittedBS EN 1927-1:2008EN 1927-1:2008 (E) 7 Table 1 (continued) Classes Characteristics A B C D dote not permitted not permitted For mid diameters 35 cm permitted in the surface area up to 10 % of the mid diameter For mid diameters 35 cm p
33、ermitted in the surface area up to 20 % of the mid diameter permitted rot not permitted not permitted not permitted e permitted fstain not permitted not permitted permitted in the sap area gpermitted aRefer to the general description of quality classes. bMethod of measurement: width of reaction wood
34、 as a function of the cross section diameter (in addition to EN 1310). cMid diameter under bark. dInitial stages of Trypodendron lineatum attack permitted. e Small areas of surface rot are permitted in the area of the butt swelling.f Provided that at least 80 % of the cross section is usable on the
35、complete length.g Specific contract regulations are recommended. 6 Additional criteria In case of doubt, any externally visible or possible hidden flaws (e.g. knots under buckles, overgrown shakes, stripping damage) shall be laid bare and the revealed flaws assessed according to the quality specific
36、ations. Foreign bodies (e.g. shrapnel) are not dealt with in this Standard. Where some characteristics of round wood of the classes A and B do not fulfil the quality criteria on agreement, they can be compensated by higher quality in other characteristics. Generally, the following characteristics ca
37、nnot be compensated: insect attack (especially Trypodendron lineatum), rot and stain. If there is compensation for minor rot of little consequence, an agreement is necessary. Each log can be graded either in a single class or in more than one class by using theoretical crosscut points. The minimum l
38、ength, accepted for a theoretical crosscut point, is 3 m. BS EN 1927-1:2008EN 1927-1:2008 (E) 8 Annex A (informative) Qualitative classification for which the intended use is known The following list of characteristics should be considered for contracts where the intended use is known. EN 1309-2, EN
39、 1310 and EN 1311 shall be used as a reference. NOTE The following list is not exhaustive. Additional characteristics may be considered. butt swelling; eccentric pith; foreign body; insect attack; knots; rate of growth; reaction wood; resin pocket; rot; shakes; spiral grain; stain; sweep; taper; tap
40、ping cut; undercut. BS EN 1927-1:2008EN 1927-1:2008 (E) 9 Annex B (informative) Adeviations A- deviation: National deviation due to regulations, the alteration of which is for the time being outside the competence of the CEN/ CENELEC national member. This European Standard does not fall under any Di
41、rective of the EU. In the relevant CEN/ CENELEC countries these A- deviations are valid instead of the provisions of the European Standard until they have been removed. Lithuania Apvaliosios medienos apskaitos tvarkos apraas Order of description for registration of round timber (in., (Official Gazet
42、te) 21-12-2007, No. 135-5502; valid since 01-01-2008). Apvaliosios medienos klasifikavimo ir enklinimo taisykls Rules for classification and marking of round timber (in., (Official Gazette) 13-07-2001, No. 61-2198; valid since 14-07-2001). BS EN 1927-1:2008BS EN 1927-1:2008BSI389 Chiswick High RoadL
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