1、BRITISH STANDARD AEROSPACE SERIES BS EN 2564:1998 Carbon fibre laminates Determination of the fibre, resin and void contents The European Standard EN2564:1998 has the status of a British Standard ICS 49.025.40BSEN 2564:1998 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Engine
2、ering SectorBoard, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes intoeffect on 15 September1998 BSI 05-1999 ISBN 0 580 30414 0 National foreword This British Standard is the English language version of EN2564:1998. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technic
3、al Committee ACE/64, Aerospace structural reinforced plastics, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor
4、related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document
5、 may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of Briti
6、sh Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the ENtitle page, pages2 to7 and a back cover. This
7、 standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS EN 2564:1998 BSI 05-1999 i Contents Page National foreword Inside front cove
8、r Foreword 2 Text of EN 2564 3ii blankEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 2564 July 1998 ICS 49.025.40 Descriptors: Aircraft industry, laminates, carbon fibres, tests, determination of content, fibres, resins, determination, porosity English version Aerospace series Carbon fibre lam
9、inates Determination of the fibre, resin and void contents Srie arospatiale Stratifis de fibres de carbone Dtermination de la teneur en fibres, en rsine et du taux de porosit Luff- und Raumfahrt Kohlenstoffaser-Laminate Bestimmung der Faser-, Harz- und Porenanteile This European Standard was approve
10、d by CEN on15 May1998. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standar
11、ds may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to th
12、e Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, CzechRepublic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United K
13、ingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1998 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 2564:199
14、8 EEN2564:1998 BSI 05-1999 2 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by the European Association of Aerospace Manufacturers (AECMA). After inquiries and votes carried out in accordance with the rules of this Association, this Standard has received the approval of the National Associations
15、and the Official Services of the member countries of AECMA, prior to its presentation to CEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January1999, and conflicting national standards shall
16、be withdrawn at the latest by January1999. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, CzechRepublic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, I
17、taly, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and theUnitedKingdom. Contents Foreword 2 1 Scope 3 2 Normative references 3 3 Principle 3 4 Apparatus and reagents 3 5 Specimens 4 6 Health, safety and environmental aspects 4 7 Conditioning and test atmospheres 4 8 Procedu
18、re 4 9 Expression of results 5 10 Designation 6 11 Test report 6EN 2564:1998 BSI 05-1999 3 1 Scope This standard, specifies the methods for determining the fibre content by volume and mass and, by correlation, the resin content by volume and mass and void content by volume, of cured carbon fibre lam
19、inates, for aerospace applications. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references,
20、 subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. ISO10119, Carbon fibre Determination of density. ISO1183, Plast
21、ics Methods for determining the density and relative density of non-cellular plastics. EN2743, Aerospace series Reinforced plastics Standard procedures for conditioning prior to testing 1) . 3 Principle Determination of the difference in mass of specimens before and after extraction of the resin by
22、sulphuric acid digestion. Two methods are applicable: Method A is the reference method, Method B is a simplified method. 4 Apparatus and reagents 4.1 Balance accurate to 0,1mg 4.2 Tweezers 4.3 Cutting device, such as a diamond blade saw or any other suitable apparatus 4.4 250ml double necked pear-sh
23、aped flask equipped with50ml dropping funnel, air inlet and a water pump 4.5 Beakers of various capacities, including400ml 4.6 20ml sintered glass crucible (n 2 porosity) and suitable filtration assembly 4.7 Desiccator containing a suitable drying agent (for example silica gel, calcium chloride or p
24、hosphorus pentoxide) 4.8 Concentrated sulphuric acid (specific gravity:1,84to1,89) 4.9 Hydrogen peroxide solution (300g/l to500g/l) 4.10 Acetone (propanone) 4.11 Distilled water 4.12 Heat source with suitable temperature control 4.13 Fume cupboard (for method B, see8.2) 4.14 Thermometer capable of m
25、easuring180C 4.15 Sand bath (for method B, see8.2) 4.16 Electric oven capable of maintaining a temperature of (120 5)C 4.17 Protective clothing, including rubber gloves, for handling hydrogen peroxide and sulphuric acid solutions 4.18 Safety screen 1) Published as AECMA Prestandard at the date of pu
26、blication of this standardEN 2564:1998 4 BSI 05-1999 5 Specimens 5.1 Shape and dimensions The specimens shall be rectangular, 20mm 10mm, thickness2mm. Specimens of different dimensions may be used, subject to agreement between the user and manufacturer. 5.2 Number and distribution A minimum of three
27、 specimens shall be used. These shall be evenly distributed in the laminate and cut at least10mm from its edges. 6 Health, safety and environmental aspects This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems as
28、sociated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 7 Conditioning and test atmospheres 7.1 Conditioning The specimens shall be conditioned in the tes
29、t atmosphere (see7.2) for a minimum of2h, unless otherwise specified. 7.2 Atmosphere for testing EN2743 B 7.3 Time interval between conditioning and testing After conditioning, the sample shall be maintained in the test atmosphere. Unless otherwise specified, tests shall be carried out within6h. 8 P
30、rocedure Use protective clothing and rubber gloves for handling hydrogen peroxide and sulphuric acid solutions. The reactions shall be carried out behind the safety screen for eye protection. 8.1 Method A 8.1.1 Dry the specimens to constant mass in the desiccator, that is until the difference in mas
31、s of two successive weightings is less than2mg. Record m 1 . 8.1.2 Determine the density ( c ) of each specimen in accordance with ISO1183, method A. 8.1.3 Drop the specimen into the double necked, pear-shaped flask and carefully pour20ml of concentrated sulphuric acid into the flask. Fit the droppi
32、ng funnel to one neck and the water pump to the other. 8.1.4 Pour a suitable amount of the hydrogen peroxide solution (e.g.20ml of500g/l concentration or40ml of300g/l concentration) into the dropping funnel and heat the flask gently to (160 10) C until the acid starts to fume. Discontinue heating of
33、 the flask and allow the hydrogen peroxide solution to drip into the acid at a rate of about one drop every2s, increasing to one drop per second after5min. If, after all the hydrogen peroxide solution has been used, the solution is still brown, add further5ml portions of hydrogen peroxide at the lat
34、ter rate and continue heating until the solution becomes and remains clear. 8.1.5 Stop heating. When the neck of the flask is cool enough to handle, ensure the air inlet is open, turn the water pump off, remove the attachments from the flask and cool the flask and contents down to ambient temperatur
35、e in running water. 8.1.6 Pour the contents of the flask into a400ml beaker containing100ml of distilled water, wash with distilled water any fibres adhering to the flask into this beaker. 8.1.7 Filter the contents of the beaker through the sintered glass crucible, previously dried and weighed (m 2
36、), washing the beaker and contents of the crucible with distilled water until washings are freefrom acid, then wash with10ml of acetone. 8.1.8 Dry the crucible and contents at120C for at least45min, cool in a desiccator for20min and weigh (m 3 ) to 1mg.EN 2564:1998 BSI 05-1999 5 8.2 Method B This si
37、mplified method may be used in laboratories where a large number of tests are carried out provided that adequate safety precautions are in place. The procedure is carried out in a fume cupboard, using open beakers instead of the pear-shaped flask, the beaker being heated on a sand bath. In this case
38、, only300g/l hydrogen peroxide solution shall be used. 8.2.1 Dry the specimens to constant mass in the desiccator, that is until the difference in mass of two successive weightings is less than2mg. Record m 1 . 8.2.2 Determine the density ( c ) of each specimen in accordance with ISO1183, method A.
39、8.2.3 Place each specimen in a beaker with20ml of concentrated sulphuric acid. 8.2.4 Place each beaker on the sand bath at (160 10) C. 8.2.5 When the resin begins to break down, which is shown by a black coloration of the sulphuric acid, add25ml of300g/l hydrogen peroxide solution very slowly. The s
40、olution becomes clear and the fibres rise to the surface. Continue heating until the evolution of gas ceases and white fumes of sulphur trioxide re-appear. If the solution becomes dark again, repeat the operation. 8.2.6 When the solution remains clear, remove the beakers from the sand bath and allow
41、 them to cool down to ambient temperature. 8.2.7 Pour the contents of each beaker into a400ml beaker containing100ml of distilled water, wash with distilled water any fibres adhering to the first beaker into the second. 8.2.8 Filter the contents of each beaker through a sintered glass crucible, prev
42、iously dried and weighed (m 2 ), washing the beaker and contents of the crucible with distilled water until the washings arefree from acid, then wash with10ml of acetone. 8.2.9 Dry the crucible and contents at120C for at least45min, cool in a desiccator for20min and weigh (m 3 ) to 1mg. 9 Expression
43、 of results 9.1 Fibre content by mass (W f ) where: 9.2 Fibre content by volume (V f ) where: W f is the fibre content as a percentage of the initial mass; m 1 is the initial mass of the specimen, in grammes m 2 is the mass of the sintered glass crucible, in grammes; m 3 is the final total mass of t
44、he sintered glass crucible and the residue after acid digestion, in grammes. V f is the fibre content as a percentage of the initial volume; W f is the fibre content as a percentage of the initial mass; c is the specimen density, in grammes per cubic centimetre; f is the fibre density, in grammes pe
45、r cubic centimeter, determined to ISO10119or given in the suppliers release report. W f100 m 3 m 2 () m 1 - = V f W f c f - =EN 2564:1998 6 BSI 05-1999 9.3 Resin content by mass (W r ) W r=100W f where: 9.4 Resin content by volume (V r ) where: 9.5 Void content by volume (V o ) where: NOTEThe absolu
46、te error in the determination of void content is estimated to be 1%, due to uncertainties accumulated in the densities. 10 Designation EXAMPLE: 11 Test report It shall include the following: designation (see10); all data ensuring the traceability of the material (trade mark, identification marking,
47、date of receipt, batch number, etc.); all information regarding the sampling procedure; W r is the resin content as a percentage of the initial mass; W f is the fibre content as a percentage of the initial mass. V r is the resin content as a percentage of the initial volume; W f is the fibre content
48、 as a percentage of the initial mass; c is the specimen density expressed, in grammes per cubic centimetre; r is the density of the cured resin, in grammes per cubic centimetre, determined to ISO1183 (method A) on a cured resin specimen or given in the suppliers release report. V o is the void conte
49、nt as a percentage of the initial volume; W f is the fibre content as a percentage of the initial mass; c is the specimen density, in grammes per cubic centimetre; f is the fibre density, in grammes per cubic centimetre, determined to ISO10119or given in the suppliers release report; r is the density of the cured resin, in grammes per cubic centimetre, determined to ISO1183 (method A) on a cured resin specimen or given in the suppliers release rep
