1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 275:1992 Wood preservatives Determination of the protective effectiveness against marine borers The European Standard EN 275:1992 has the status of a British Standard UDC 674.048.4:620.193.85BSEN 275:1992 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Te
2、chnical SectorBoard for Building and Civil Engineering (B/-), was published under the authority ofthe Standards Board and comesinto effect on 15 November 1992 BSI 01-2000 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference B/515 Draft for comment 90/50033 DC ISBN 0
3、580 21047 2 Cooperating organizations The European Committee for Standardization (CEN), under whose supervision this European Standard was prepared, comprises the national standards organizations of the following countries: Austria Oesterreichisches Normungsinstitut Belgium Institut belge de normali
4、sation Denmark Dansk Standardiseringsraad Finland Suomen Standardisoimisliito, r.y. France Association franaise de normalisation Germany Deutsches Institut fr Normung e.V. Greece Hellenic Organization for Standardization Iceland Technological Institute of Iceland Ireland National Standards Authority
5、 of Ireland Italy Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione Luxembourg Inspection du Travail et des Mines Netherlands Nederlands Normalisatie-instituut Norway Norges Standardiseringsforbund Portugal Instituto Portugus da Qualidade Spain Asociacin Espaola de Normalizacin y Certificacin Sweden Standardi
6、seringskommissionen i Sverige Switzerland Association suisse de normalisation United Kingdom British Standards Institution Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS EN 275:1992 BSI 01-2000 i Contents Page Cooperating organizations Inside front cover National foreword ii Foreword 2
7、 Text of EN 275 3 National annex NA (informative) Committees responsible Inside back cover National annex NB (informative) Cross-references Inside back coverBS EN 275:1992 ii BSI 01-2000 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Technical Sector Board for B
8、uilding and Civil Engineering and is the English language version of EN 275:1992 Wood preservatives Determination of the protective effectiveness against marine borers, published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). EN 275:1992 was produced as a result of international discussion in
9、which the United Kingdom took an active part. CAUTION. Attention is drawn to the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974, and the need for ensuring that the method specified in this British Standard is carried out with suitable precautions. The procedure described in this British Standard is intende
10、d to be carried out by appropriately qualified and experienced persons or other suitably trained and/or supervised personnel. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Complianc
11、e with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN title page, pages 2 to 18, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright d
12、ate) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 275 April 1992 UDC 674.048.4:620.193.85 Descriptors: Wood, wood preservatives, pesticides, insecticides, pest control, crustacea
13、ns, mollusca, marine environment tests, effectiveness English version Wood preservatives Determination of the protective effectiveness against marine borers Produits de prservation du bois Dtermination de lefficacit protectrice vis-vis des organismes trbrants marins Holzschutzmittel Bestimmung der S
14、chutzwirkung gegenber marinen Organismen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1992-09-25. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-t
15、o-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under
16、 the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlan
17、ds, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1992 Copyright reserved to CEN members Ref. No. EN 275:1992 EEN 275:1
18、992 BSI 01-2000 2 Foreword This European Standard was drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 38 “Durability of wood and wood-based products”, the Secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
19、text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 1993, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 1993. This European Standard has been approved by CEN, and in accordance with the Common CEN/CENELEC Rules, the following countries are bound to implement this European S
20、tandard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Contents Page Foreword 2 Introduction 3 1 Scope 3 2 Definitions 3 3 Principle 3 4 Apparatus 4 5 Sampling 4 6 Test s
21、pecimens 4 7 Conditioning and treatment of the test specimens 5 8 Reference specimens 6 9 Untreated control test specimens 6 10 Test sites 6 11 Examination 7 12 Evaluation 7 13 Validity of test 8 14 Test report 9 Annex A (informative) Example of a test system suitable for regions with low tidal rang
22、e 11 Annex B (informative) Example of the grading of molluscan borer attacks as they appear on the X-ray film 12 Annex C (informative) Example of a test report 13 Annex D (informative) Bibliography 17 Figure 1 Specimen with an ideal orientation of the annual rings 4 Figure 2 Overall ratings for the
23、two types of attack 9 Figure C.1 Overall ratings for the two types of attack 16 Table 1 Rating system for attack by Teredinids and other molluscs 8 Table 2 Rating system for attack by Limnoria and other crustaceans 8 Table C.1 Results from XYZ on Scots pine after 5 years exposure in the sea 14 Table
24、 C.2 Grading system used in the evaluation 15EN 275:1992 BSI 01-2000 3 Introduction This European Standard describes a marine test method which provides a basis for assessing the effectiveness of a wood preservative used to prevent attack of timber in sea-water by marine borers. The method is only s
25、uitable for testing preservatives which are intended to prevent attack by marine wood-boring organisms of treated timber for use in more or less permanent contact with sea-water. It is not suitable for assessing the effectiveness of preservatives against microorganisms. The main objective of the met
26、hod described is to evaluate the relative effectiveness of a wood preservative applied by vacuum/pressure impregnation. For this reason permeable timbers are used throughout so that the protective efficacy of various retentions of the preservative can be determined. However, it is recognized that mo
27、difications of the method may be used for other purposes, e.g. to determine the relative efficacy of a preservative treatment or to determine the natural durability of the heartwood and sapwood of a selected timber species. The method is primarily intended for testing in temperate waters where tered
28、ine and Limnorid borers dominate. However, it is also capable of being used in the tropics where attack by pholads and specific crustacean borers may be very destructive. The test is intended to run for a minimum period (5 years or until the point of failure) before any interpretation of the results
29、 can be made. Variations in the test conditions can be expected from one test site to another depending on temperature, salinity, population density of the various borer species, etc. This will inevitably influence the general rate of attack. However, by comparing the results obtained for specimens
30、treated with the test product with those obtained for specimens treated with a reference preservative and those obtained with untreated control specimens, the relative protective effectiveness of the product tested can be evaluated. The procedures described in this standard method are intended to be
31、 carried out by suitably trained and/or supervised specialists. Appropriate safety precautions should be observed throughout the use of this standard. 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a marine test method for the determination of the relative effectiveness of a wood preservative applied by v
32、acuum/pressure impregnation or other processes which would lead to deep penetration of the test specimens in order to prevent attack of timber in sea-water by marine wood-boring organisms. The protective effect is assessed in relation to that of a reference preservative applied by a standard treatme
33、nt. It is important to realize that the relationship between the results of these marine tests and performance in service can still vary for different preservatives. This method is applicable for testing any type of wood preservative, provided that complete penetration of the test specimen is achiev
34、ed. NOTEAfter suitable modification, it is possible to assess the effectiveness of a preservative product in other wood species or its effectiveness when applied by methods other than vacuum and pressure impregnation but only provided that a complete impregnation of the test specimens is achieved 1)
35、 . 2 Definitions For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions apply. 2.1 representative sample a sample having its physical or chemical characteristics identical to the volumetric average characteristics of the total volume being sampled 2.2 supplier the sponsor of the test 3 Princip
36、le Test specimens are vacuum/pressure inpregnated with preservative solutions to a given range of preservative retentions. After drying and, if necessary, an appropriate fixation period, the test specimens are submerged in the sea at a location where marine wood borers are prevalent. A single test s
37、ite is regarded as adequate provided molluscan and crustacean borers are both active in this site. Additional sites with different water and/or climate characteristics are optional. 1) The only specific European aspect of this standard lies in the choice of the obligatory reference species Pinus syl
38、vestris. The method can be used with any other timber species of preference and is not specific to Europe in its field of application.EN 275:1992 4 BSI 01-2000 Removal of the test specimens from the water for inspection at regular intervals, with not more than12 months between each inspection, and e
39、xamination for marine borer attack, visually as well as by X-ray. The condition of the treated specimens is compared with that of untreated control test specimens and that of test specimens treated with a reference preservative, both of which indicate the aggressiveness of the individual site. 4 App
40、aratus 4.1 Ordinary laboratory equipment 4.2 X-ray apparatus, with tungsten target and beryllium window with voltage and current continuously variable in the following ranges: 4.3 Treatment plant, capable of impregnating the timber (see 7.2). 5 Sampling The sample of preservative shall be representa
41、tive of the product to be tested. Samples shall be stored and handled in accordance with any written recommendations from the supplier. NOTEFor the sampling of preservatives from bulk supplies, the procedure given in EN 212 should be used. 6 Test specimens 6.1 Species of wood For every test, the sap
42、wood of Pinus sylvestris (Linnaeus) shall be used. If additional wood species are to be used, they shall be susceptible to marine borer attack and the test specimens prepared from these species shall be capable of being completely penetrated with preservative. NOTEIt is recommended that a hardwood s
43、pecies of local relevance should be included if the preservative is expected to be used in hardwoods. 6.2 Quality of wood The wood shall be of uniform growth, straight-grained and free from knots, cracks, stain, decay, insect holes or other defects. Test specimens of resinous appearance shall be avo
44、ided. The wood shall not have been water-stored, floated, chemically treated or steamed. The Pinus sylvestris sapwood shall show an average rate of growth of 2,5annual rings per10mm to8annual rings per10mm. If additional wood species are to be used the variation in the number of annual rings for eac
45、h species shall be mentioned in the test report. The test report shall also include mean density for the wood used in the preparation of the test specimens. 6.3 Preparation of the test specimens Each specimen shall be: (200 1) mm long (grain direction) (75 1) mm (25 1) mm at (14 2) % (m/m) moisture
46、content 2) . Each test shall consist of specimens of similar density and those which are outside the range of 15 % of the mean value of the density of the specimens in a test shall be rejected. The specimen shall be prepared from sawn wood as delivered from the sawmill; no re-sawing or planing of th
47、e faces of the specimens shall be carried out. The test specimen shall have an orientation of the annual rings similar to the ideal orientation (see Figure 1). The annual rings should be as parallel as possible to the 75 mm edge. The diameter of any attachment hole shall not exceed 25 mm and shall b
48、e taken into consideration when calculating the preservative retention. If an arrangement as described in Annex A is to beused the specimens are prepared with a hole of25mm diameter in the middle. See Annex A and Annex B. If test arrangements other than those described in Annex A are chosen the hole
49、s shall not exceed 25 mm and two in number. 6.4 Number of test specimens The sea is a rough environment for long term testing of materials. Specimens may therefore be lost during the exposure period. This has to be taken into account when deciding the number of test specimens to be exposed. At least five test specimens per site for each preservative and retention shall be tested. Treat extra specimens so that rejection of those having abnormal uptakes leaves sufficient for the test. Voltage: 10 kV to 50 kV Current: 0 mA to
