1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 3114-001:2006Aerospace series Test method Microstructure of ( + ) titanium alloy wrought products Part 001: General requirementsThe European Standard EN 3114-001:2006 has the status of a British StandardICS 49.025.10g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g4
2、4g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Thu Apr 05 03:02:20 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN 3114-001:2006This British Standard was published under the author
3、ity of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2007 BSI 2007ISBN 978 0 580 50081 7National forewordThis British Standard was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of EN 3114-001:2006.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee ACE/61, Metall
4、ic materials for aerospace purposes, to Panel ACE/61/-/49, Titanium and its alloys.A list of organizations represented on ACE/61/-/49 can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its cor
5、rect application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsLicensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Thu Apr 05 03:02:20 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 3
6、114-001 December 2006 ICS 49.025.10 English Version Aerospace series - Test method - Microstructure of ( + ) titanium alloy wrought products - Part 001: General requirements Srie arospatiale - Mthode dessai - Microstructure des produits corroys en alliage de titane ( + ) - Partie 001 : Exigences gnr
7、ales Luft- und Raumfahrt - Prfverfahren - Mikrogefge Kneterzeugnisse von Titanlegierung ( + ) - Teil 001: Allgemeine Anforderungen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 18 October 2006. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions f
8、or giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three officia
9、l versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Bel
10、gium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARD
11、IZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 3114-001:2006: ELicensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Thu Apr
12、05 03:02:20 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI2 Contents Page Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Sampling.4 4 Preparation of the microsections.5 5 Assessment7 6 Description of microstructures 7 EN 3114-001:2006Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Thu Apr 05 03:02:20 GMT+0
13、0:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI3 Foreword This document (EN 3114-001:2006) has been prepared by the Aerospace and Defence Industries Association of Europe - Standardization (ASD-STAN). After enquiries and votes carried out in accordance with the rules of this Association, this Standard has rec
14、eived the approval of the National Associations and the Official Services of the member countries of ASD, prior to its presentation to CEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 200
15、7, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2007. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. A
16、ccording to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lit
17、huania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. EN 3114-001:2006Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Thu Apr 05 03:02:20 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI4 Introduction This standard is part of the ser
18、ies of EN metallic material standards for aerospace applications. The general organization of this series is described in EN 4258. 1 Scope This standard specifies the conditions for micrographic examination of ( + ) titanium alloy wrought products and description of terms used. Specific microstructu
19、res applicable to each type of product are defined in EN 3114-002 to EN 3114-004. This standard shall be applied in conjunction with EN material standards, which define the acceptance criteria unless otherwise specified on the order. It is applicable to: bars, sections, forging stock and forgings (E
20、N 3114-002); plate (EN 3114-003); sheet for superplastic forming (EN 3114-004). 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the re
21、ferenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 3114-002, Aerospace series Microstructure of ( + ) titanium alloy wrought products Part 002: Microstructure of bars, sections, forging stock and forgings. EN 3114-003, Aerospace series Microstructure of ( + ) titanium alloy wrought products Pa
22、rt 003: Microstructure of plate. EN 3114-004, Aerospace series Microstructure of ( + ) titanium alloy wrought products Part 004: Microstructure of sheet for superplastic forming. EN 4258, Aerospace series Metallic materials General organization of standardization Links between types of EN standards
23、and their use. 3 Sampling The sampling and its frequency shall be as defined in the relevant technical specification and/or order. The sampling sections shall be at least 10 mm, in thickness or length. Samples shall preferably be taken by sawing. Cold work hardened zones shall be avoided or removed.
24、 If the sampling material is taken by abrasive cut off or flame cutting, the resulting heat affected zone shall be completely removed in the course of sample preparation. EN 3114-001:2006Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Thu Apr 05 03:02:20 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI5 4 Preparation of the
25、 microsections 4.1 General The surface of the sample sections to be examined shall be prepared by machining and grinding and polishing to ensure that the microstructure is clearly defined after etching. In the case of electrolytic polishing, grinding may be omitted. The method of preparation shall n
26、ot change, contaminate or deform the surface microstructure. 4.2 Grinding Resin bonded alumina, zirconia or silicon carbide paper shall be used for grinding. The pressure shall be as low as possible in order to avoid any cold work hardening of the surface of the microsection. 4.3 Polishing Polishing
27、 may be accomplished mechanically and/or electrolytically. The following solution is recommended for electrolytic polishing: 700 ml methanol; 200 ml butylglycol; 60 ml perchloric acid. 4.4 Etching The etchants and their typical composition indicated in Table 1 may be used for development of microstr
28、ucture. EN 3114-001:2006Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Thu Apr 05 03:02:20 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI6 Table 1 Etching of titanium alloys Reagent Vol. % Remarks Use 1 Hydrofluoric acid (40 %) Nitric acid (65 %) Water up to 8 40 100 Swab or immerse Micro etch Macro etch (Etching time up
29、 to several minutes) 2 Hydrofluoric acid (40 %) Nitric acid (65 %) Water up to 2 10 100 Swab or immerse Bright grain boundary etch 3 Hydrofluoric acid (40 %) Benzalkonium chloride Methyl alcohol Glycerol 2 to 6 19 35 40 Swab Avoid overetching Avoid water in etch solution Stain etch Stain or dependin
30、g on the heat treatment condition 4 Hydrofluoric acid (40 %) Water up to 0,5 100 Swab or immerse Stain etch 5 Hydrofluoric acid (40 %) Nitric acid (65 %) Glycerol up to 2 to 20 5 to 25 100 Swab Glycerol acts as inhibitor Bright etch Slower etch than 1 6 Potassium hydroxide Hydrogen peroxide (30 %) W
31、ater up to 10 15 100 Immerse (70-80) C Grain boundaries, subgrain boundaries. Stains and transformed , retained not stained. Orientation sensitive, develops contrast between grains. 7 Hydrofluoric acid (40 %) Nitric acid (65 %) Lactic acid 20 20 60 Swab rigorously Chemical polish and etch 8 Hydrochl
32、oric acid (40 %) Nitric acid (65 %) Lactic acid 10 25 65 Swab General etch 9 Hydrofluoric acid (40 %) Nitric acid (65 %) Water up to 10 15 100 Swab or immersion + 1 min in ammonium bifluoride 20 g/l Etch for segregation 10 Nitric acid (65 %) Water up to 25 100 Swab or immersion Removal of copper sur
33、face layer 11 Hydrofluoric acid (40 %) Nitric acid (65 %) Hydrogen peroxide (30 %) Water up to 1 2 50 100 Spray wash Removal of tin surface layer EN 3114-001:2006Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Thu Apr 05 03:02:20 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI7 5 Assessment The prepared surface shall be ex
34、amined at the same magnification as that of the reference photomicrograph. 6 Description of microstructures 6.1 Acicular A transformation product arising, during cooling, by nucleation and growth on preferred planes of the primary phase, or by martensitic transformation and growth. It appears in aci
35、cular form, as pointed lamellae, or plates. 6.2 enriched zone (Blocky ) A coarse area of by comparison with the primary grain of the matrix. Such areas are frequently accompanied by grain boundary . Microhardness is not significantly different from that of the matrix. 6.3 phase () The stable sub- tr
36、ansus phase with close packed hexagonal crystal structure. 6.4 + structure Microstructure containing and phases in various forms. 6.5 stabilized hard zone High Interstitial Defect (HID) Zone of higher stabilized content, significantly harder than the surrounding structure. Normally caused through lo
37、cal oxygen and/or nitrogen enrichment. 6.6 stabilized surface ( case) A surface zone enriched mainly by oxygen or less often by nitrogen or carbon, in which the phase is stabilized. The case result from elevated temperature exposure to environments containing these elements. case is hard, brittle an
38、d considered detrimental. 6.7 stabilizer Element preferentially dissolving in the phase, and which increases the and transus temperatures. 6.8 stringer In comparison with the fine + matrix, clearly defined coarse elongated phase. 6.9 transus The temperature which determines the boundary between and
39、+ fields - also known as / + transition temperature. EN 3114-001:2006Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Thu Apr 05 03:02:20 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI8 6.10 Aluminium enriched zone Zones in which an increased amount of -stabilizing aluminium leads to higher percentage of -phase compared wi
40、th the matrix. In comparison with the matrix structure, such areas show relatively little hardness increase, also called soft . 6.11 Banded structure Structure in which the components are orientated in the direction of maximum work in a fibrous plate-like form. 6.12 Basket weave plates or lamellae w
41、ith or without phase between them. In this case the phase is oriented in “groups“ like a woven basket (Figure 1). 6.13 eutectoid stabilizer Alloying element which dissolves preferentially in the phase and lowers the transus temperature. The phase may decompose via an eutectoid reaction, into + inter
42、metallic compound. 6.14 fleck Zones of low or zero primary in an + structure. They have a noticeably lower transus temperature than surrounding structure. 6.15 grain size After transformation from the field, grain size can be retained as the macro grain size. With + working, the shape of the origina
43、l grains may be changed. 6.16 soluble isomorphous element An element showing continuous solubility in the phase. The transus temperature is lowered, without an eutectoid reaction. 6.17 phase () The stable phase above the transus, having body centered cubic crystal structure. 6.18 stabilizer Element
44、dissolving preferentially in the phase, and which lowers the transus temperature. 6.19 transus The temperature which specifies the boundary between the + range and the range, also designated as the + / transformation temperature. 6.20 Colonies Zones within prior grain boundaries, and having parallel
45、 plates. EN 3114-001:2006Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Thu Apr 05 03:02:20 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI9 6.21 Elongated phase in fibrous form, arising primarily from unidirectional deformation. 6.22 Equiaxed with a rounded or polygonal appearance with similar dimensions in all direction
46、s. 6.23 Globular phase, primarily showing circular shape. 6.24 Grain boundary The phase appearing at prior grain boundaries. It can encompass the complete prior grain. 6.25 Hydride phase Brittle intermetallic compound of composition TiHx. It can appear when the solubility limit for hydrogen is excee
47、ded. 6.26 Intermetallic compound A compound formed between alloying elements in an alloy system with at least one field of limited solubility. 6.27 Interstitial element Element of relatively small atomic diameter (e.g. oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen) which can occupy sites between the titanium l
48、attice. 6.28 Lamellar Parallel orientation of elongated phase. 6.29 Lean area See 6.14 fleck. 6.30 Martensitic A supersaturated phase, not in equilibrium, arising from diffusionless transformation of the phase (Hexagonal or orthorhombic ). It is often difficult to distinguish martensitic from acicul
49、ar . 6.31 Matrix Matrix is the uniformly distributed microstructural background. The matrix can be single or multiphase. 6.32 Omega phase () Omega is an intermediate phase which can arise from transformation of metastable into equilibrium . It cannot be seen under an optical microscope. In alloys with content or in metastable
