1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58embedment strength and foundation values for dowel type fastenersThe European Standard EN 383:2007
2、has the status of a British StandardICS 91.080.20Timber Structures Test methods Determination of BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 383:2007BS EN 383:2007This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 February 2007 BSI 2007ISBN 978 0 580 50141 8Amendm
3、ents issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Commentscontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.National forewordThis British Standard was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of EN 383:2007. It
4、supersedes BS EN 383:1993 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/518, Structural timber.A list of organizations represented on B/518 can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary
5、provisions of a EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 383January 2007ICS 91.080.20 Supersedes EN 383:1993 English VersionTimber Structures - Test methods - Determination ofembedment strength and foundation values for dowel typefastenersStructures en bois - Mthodes dessai - Dtermination d
6、ecaractristiques de fondation et de la portance localedlments dassemblage de type brocheHolzbauwerke - Prfverfahren - Bestimmung derLochleibungsfestigkeit und Bettungswerte fr stiftfrmigeVerbindungsmittelThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 25 October 2006.CEN members are bound to comply wi
7、th the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretaria
8、t or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialvers
9、ions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
10、 Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No
11、. EN 383:2007: EEN 383:2007 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Terms and definitions .4 4 Symbols and abbreviations 4 5 Requirements.5 6 Test methods5 6.1 Principle5 6.2 Test Pieces .5 6.3 Apparatus .8 6.4 Preparation of the test pieces 8 6.5 Procedure .9 6.5.1 Appara
12、tus calibration9 6.5.2 Placing fastener .9 6.5.3 Placing of test piece in apparatus9 6.5.4 Transducer location 9 6.5.5 Estimation of maximum load9 6.5.6 Application of load.9 6.5.7 Recording of deformation.9 6.5.8 Determination of density and moisture content.10 6.6 Results 10 6.6.1 Calculations10 6
13、.6.2 Adjustments .14 6.7 Test report 14 EN 383:2007 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 383:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 124 “Timber Structures”, the secretariat of which is held by SFS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publicat
14、ion of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2007. This document supersedes EN 383:1993. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following cou
15、ntries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Swede
16、n, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 383:2007 (E) 4 1 Scope This standard specifies laboratory methods to determine the embedding strength and foundation values of solid timber, glued laminated timber and wood based sheet products with dowel type fasteners. 2 Normative references Not applicable. 3
17、Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 dowel type fastener bolt, nail, dowel or the like with plain or patterned surfaces 3.2 embedment strength average compressive stress at maximum load in a piece of timber or wood based she
18、et product under the action of a stiff linear fastener. The fasteners axis is perpendicular to the surface of the timber. The fastener is loaded perpendicular to its axis 3.3 maximum load maximum load measured before the deformation of the specimen has reached the deformation limit 3.4 fastener sect
19、ion dimension 1) Nominal diameter of round fasteners; or 2) Length of one side of the section of a square fastener; or 3) Minimum dimension of the section of an oval or rectangular fastener. 4 Symbols and abbreviations d fastener section dimension, in millimetres F load, in newtons F maxmaximum load
20、, in newtons Fmax, estestimated maximum load, in newtons fhembedding strength, in newtons per square millimetre fh,estestimated embedding strength, in newtons per square millimetre Keelastic foundation modulus, in newtons per cubic millimetre Ki initial foundation modulus, in newtons per cubic milli
21、metre Ksfoundation modulus, in newtons per cubic millimetre EN 383:2007 (E) 5 t thickness, in millimetres w indentation or deformation, in millimetres weelastic deformation, in millimetres wi initial deformation, in millimetres wi,mod modified initial deformation, in millimetres wo deformation of th
22、e test apparatus at any given load, in millimetres 5 Requirements The fasteners and the timber, glued laminated timber or wood based sheet product shall be, as far as possible, of the minimum quality allowed by the relevant specification. 6 Test methods 6.1 Principle The test shall be carried out on
23、 the test piece and using the apparatus shown in figure 1. It is a principle of this test to avoid bending of the fastener under test. The fastener is loaded perpendicular to its axis through a steel loading apparatus and the load and the corresponding indentation or deformation is measured, see fig
24、ure 1. The loading may be either in compression, see figure 2a, or in tension, see figure 2b. For solid timber and layered wood products with only one grain direction, the loading may be either parallel to the grain, see figures 2a and 2b or compression perpendicular to the grain, see figure 2c. NOT
25、E The principles of this standard may be used for other angles between the load and the grain. 6.2 Test Pieces The test piece is a rectangular prism of wood or wood based sheet product with a fastener placed with its axis perpendicular to the surface of the prismatic test piece. The sizes of the tes
26、t pieces are given in table 1. NOTE The thickness t should be in the range 1,5d to 4d in order to comply with the principle of the test. For wood based sheet products, the thickness of the test piece shall be the thickness of the panel as produced. EN 383:2007 (E) 6 Key A Steel apparatus B Displacem
27、ent gauges C Fastener D Test piece E Strip Figure 1 Test principle EN 383:2007 (E) 7 Key a) Compression parallel to grain b) Tension parallel to grain c) Compression perpendicular to grain A Grain direction or one of the main directions of wood based sheet products X Measuring point Figure 2 Test pi
28、ece dimensions as specified in Table 1 with transducer pick up points EN 383:2007 (E) 8 Table 1 Sizes of test pieces Measurementsa Nails not prebored Nails prebored Bolts and dowels Test piece material a1l1l2l3l45d 20d 20d 20d 40d 5d 12d 12d 12d 40d 3d 7d 7d 7d 30d Timber or woods based sheet produc
29、ts. a1a2l55d 5d 20d 5d 5d 20d 5d 5d 20d Timber or layered wood products with one grain direction. aMeasurements given in Figure 2 are dependent on d, where d is given, see clauses 3.4 and 4 6.3 Apparatus The test apparatus shall be such that no friction between steel plates and test pieces may influ
30、ence the measurements. In addition to equipment for measuring the geometry, moisture content, etc. of the test pieces, the following shall be available: a) loading equipment capable of applying and continuously recording the load to an accuracy of 1 % of the load applied to the test piece or, for lo
31、ads less than 10 % of the maximum load applied to the piece, with an accuracy of 0,1 % of the maximum load; b) equipment to continuously record the displacement of the fasteners in the wood with an accuracy of 1 % of the displacement, or for displacement less than 2 mm with an accuracy of 0,02 mm. N
32、OTE The equipment should ensure that eccentricities, twist, etc. have no influence on the measurements. 6.4 Preparation of the test pieces Before placing the fastener, the wood material shall be conditioned to a constant mass in an environment having a relative humidity of (65 5) % and a temperature
33、 of (20 2) C. After fabrication the test piece shall be conditioned again in the same environment. Constant mass is considered attained when the results of two successive weightings, carried out at an interval of 6 h, do not differ by more than 0,1 % of the mass of the test piece. NOTE For particula
34、r investigations, it may be appropriate to condition the test piece to other moisture conditions both before and after placing the fastener; if other climatic conditions are used, they are to be reported. EN 383:2007 (E) 9 6.5 Procedure 6.5.1 Apparatus calibration Initially the stiffness characteris
35、tic of the loading apparatus shall be determined. A steel specimen with a tight-fitting pin of the same diameter as the fastener shall be placed in the apparatus and the load deformation curve shall be determined as described in 6.5.6. 6.5.2 Placing fastener The diameter of the fastener and the thic
36、kness of the test piece shall be measured in millimetres to an accuracy of 1 %. The fasteners shall be placed in the same way as would be used in practice (e.g. preboring or no-preboring for nails, tight-fitting holes for dowels, oversized holes for bolts). NOTE To ensure that the axis of the fasten
37、er is perpendicular to the surface of the test, a guide should be used. 6.5.3 Placing of test piece in apparatus The test piece shall be placed symmetrically in the test apparatus. The load shall be applied in the axis of the test piece 6.5.4 Transducer location The relative displacement of the dowe
38、l-type-fastener in respect to the test specimen shall be measured between the steel apparatus that holds the dowel and points on the edges of specimens, at the level of the centre line of the dowel. Two displacement transducers are placed on opposite edges. NOTE An example of a test set up is given
39、in Figure 1. 6.5.5 Estimation of maximum load The estimated maximum load Fmax,estshall be determined on the basis of experience, calculation or preliminary tests. NOTE The estimations should be adjusted as described in 6.6.2. 6.5.6 Application of load The loading procedure as shown in Figure 3 shall
40、 be followed except that, for particular tests, the preload cycle up to 0,4 Fmax,estmay be omitted with a corresponding adjustment to the total testing time. The load shall be increased to 0,4 Fmax,estand maintained for 30 s. The load shall then be reduced to 0,1 Fmax,estand maintained for 30 s. The
41、reafter, the load shall be increased. The test shall then be stopped either when the maximum load is reached or when the deformation is wo+ 5 mm. The load shall be increased or decreased at a constant rate of loading-head movement. The load shall be so adjusted that the maximum load is reached withi
42、n (300 120) s. 6.5.7 Recording of deformation The deformations wo1,wo4,w14,w11, w21,w24,w26 and w28corresponding to the points 01, 04, 14, 11, 21, 24, 26 and 28 as shown in Figure 4 shall be recorded as the mean given by the two transducers for each test piece to give the load deformation curve. The
43、 deformation at maximum load Fmaxshall also be recorded. EN 383:2007 (E) 10 hen a load deformation curve is not available, measurements of deformation should be taken at each 0,1 Fmax,estincrement of load, see Figure 3. 6.5.8 Determination of density and moisture content Determine the density and mo
44、isture content of the timber or wood based sheet products. 6.6 Results 6.6.1 Calculations The embedding strength and the estimated embedding strength fh,estshall be calculated to an accuracy of 1 % using the following formulae: maxhFfdt= (1) max,esth,estdtFf = (2) From the recorded measurements the
45、following values, if relevant, shall be calculated: initial deformation: i04ww= (3) modified initial deformation: i,mod 04 014()3www= (4) EN 383:2007 (E) 11 Key t time Figure 3 Loading procedure EN 383:2007 (E) 12 Key t time w deformation Figure 4 Idealized load-deformation curve and measurements el
46、astic deformation: 14 24 11 212()3ewwwww=+ (5) initial foundation modulus: h,estii0, 4 fKw= (6) EN 383:2007 (E) 13 foundation modulus: h,estsi,mod0, 4 fKw= (7) elastic foundation modulus: h,estee0, 4 fKw= (8) deformation at 0,6 Fmax: 0,6w deformation at 0,8 Fmax: 0,8w The measured load deformation c
47、urve shall, if relevant, be corrected as shown in Figure 5, before performing the calculations. Key A Measured load deformation curve B Corrected load deformation curve C Load deformation curve from calibration test W Deformation X Load Figure 5 Correction of the measured load deformation taking int
48、o account the stiffness characteristics of the loading apparatus. The measured deformation at the load F is reduced by the deformation w0at the same load found by the apparatus calibration EN 383:2007 (E) 14 6.6.2 Adjustments If, during the execution of the tests, the mean value of the maximum load
49、of the tests already carried out deviates by more than 20 % from the estimated value, this value shall be adjusted correspondingly for subsequent tests. The values of the maximum load already determined may be accepted without adjustment as part of the final results. In this case, the values of deformation and foundation moduli determined in equations (3) to (8) shall be adjusted to correspond to the adjusted values of the estimated value. 6.7 Test report The test report shall include the fo
