1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 40-3-1:2013Lighting columnsPart 3-1: Design and verification Specification for characteristic loadsBS EN 40-3-1:2013 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard
2、is the UK implementation of EN 40-3-1:2013. It supersedes BS EN 40-3-1:2000, which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to T e c h n i c a l C o m m i t t e e B / 5 0 9 / 5 0 , S t r e e t l i g h t i n g c o l u m n s .A list of organizations represented on this commit
3、tee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013.ISBN 978 0 580 78514 6 ICS 93.08
4、0.40 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 February 2013.Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS EN 40-3-1:2013EUROPEAN STA
5、NDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 40-3-1 February 2013 ICS 93.080.40 Supersedes EN 40-3-1:2000English Version Lighting columns - Part 3-1: Design and verification - Specification for characteristic loads Candlabres dclairage public - Partie 3-1: Conception et vrification - Spcification pour c
6、harges caractristiques Lichtmaste - Teil 3-1: Bemessung und Nachweis - Charakteristische Werte der Lasten This European Standard was approved by CEN on 25 November 2012. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
7、Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (En
8、glish, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium
9、, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerla
10、nd, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref.
11、No. EN 40-3-1:2013: EBS EN 40-3-1:2013EN 40-3-1:2013 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Terms and definitions .4 4 Symbols 4 5 Basis of loads .5 5.1 Dead loads 5 5.2 Wind pressures 5 5.2.1 General 5 5.2.2 Reference wind pressure q(10) 6 5.2.3 Factor for column size 6
12、 5.2.4 Factor for the dynamic behaviour of lighting columns, .6 5.2.5 Topography factor f .7 5.2.6 Exposure coefficient ce(z) .7 5.3 Shape coefficient .9 5.3.1 Shape coefficient for columns and brackets with circular cross-sections .9 5.3.2 Shape coefficient for columns and brackets with regular oct
13、agonal cross-sections 9 5.3.3 Shape coefficients for columns and brackets with other cross-sections 11 5.3.4 Shape coefficient for luminaires . 11 6 Forces and moments 11 6.1 Forces due to wind pressure and dead load . 11 6.1.1 Horizontal force on any part of the column shaft 11 6.1.2 Horizontal for
14、ce on any part of the bracket projecting from the column . 12 6.1.3 Forces on the luminaire . 12 6.1.4 Forces due to dead loads 12 6.2 Moments due to wind pressure and dead loads . 12 6.2.1 Bending moments acting on the column shaft and the bracket 12 6.2.2 Torsional moments acting on the column sha
15、ft due to wind loads 13 Annex A (normative) National wind and meteorological information 14 Bibliography . 15 BS EN 40-3-1:2013EN 40-3-1:2013 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 40-3-1:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 50 “Lighting columns”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR
16、. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some o
17、f the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 40-3-1:2000. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and th
18、e European Free Trade Association. There are seven parts to the series of standards EN 40 - Lighting columns, as follows Part 1: Definitions and terms; Part 2 : General requirements and dimensions; Part 3: Design and verification: Part 3-1: Specification for characteristic loads; Part 3-2: Verificat
19、ion by testing; Part 3-3: Verification by calculation; Part 4: Requirements for reinforced and prestressed concrete lighting columns, Part 5: Requirements for steel lighting columns; Part 6: Requirements for aluminium lighting columns; Part 7: Requirements for fibre reinforced polymer composite ligh
20、ting columns. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedoni
21、a, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 40-3-1:2013EN 40-3-1:2013 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard spec
22、ifies design loads for lighting columns. It applies to lighting columns of nominal height (including any bracket) not exceeding 20 m. Special structural designs to permit the attachment of signs, overhead wires, etc. are not covered by this European Standard. The requirements for lighting columns ma
23、de from materials other than concrete, steel, aluminium or fibre reinforced polymer composite (for example wood, plastic and cast iron) are not specifically covered in this standard. Fibre reinforced polymer composite lighting columns are covered in this document, in conjunction with Annex B of EN 4
24、0-7:2002. This European Standard includes performance requirements for horizontal loads due to wind. Passive safety and the behaviour of a lighting column under the impact of a vehicle are not addressed. Such lighting columns will have additional requirements (see EN 12767). 2 Normative references T
25、he following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 40-1:
26、1991, Lighting columns Part 1: Definitions and terms EN 1990, Eurocode Basis of structural design EN 1991-1-4:2005, Eurocode 1: Actions on structures Part 1-4: General actions Wind actions 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 40-1:1991 appl
27、y. 4 Symbols The following symbols are used in this European Standard. The definitions are abbreviated, the full definitions being given in the text. AbProjected area of section bracket being considered AcProjected area of section of column shaft being considered AlProjected area of the luminaire c
28、Shape coefficient CALTAltitude Factor ce(z) Exposure coefficient CsProbability factor cr(z) Roughness Factor D Diameter or distance across flats f Topography factor FbPartial horizontal force on section of bracket being considered BS EN 40-3-1:2013EN 40-3-1:2013 (E) 5 FcPartial horizontal force on s
29、ection of column shaft being considered FlPartial horizontal or vertical wind force on luminaire h Nominal height krTerrain factor depending on the roughness length p Design annual probability of exceedence q(10) Reference wind pressure q(z) Characteristic wind pressure r Radius of corner Re Reynold
30、s number T Period of vibration V Wind speed v Kinematic viscosity of air Vref10 minute mean wind velocity at 10 m above ground level for terrain category II Vref,obasic value of the reference wind velocity at 10 m above sea level z Height above ground zminIs the minimum length defined in Table 3 ZoI
31、s the roughness length Factor for the dynamic behaviour Factor for column size Air density 5 Basis of loads 5.1 Dead loads In addition to the selfweight of the lighting column, the weights of the brackets and the luminaires shall also be taken into consideration. 5.2 Wind pressures 5.2.1 General The
32、 characteristic wind pressure q(z),in N/m2, for any particular height above the ground, z, shall be obtained from the following formula: q(z)= fce(z)q(10) (1) where q(10) given in 5.2.2, is the reference wind pressure. given in 5.2.3, is a factor related to the column size. given in 5.2.4, is a fact
33、or dependent on the dynamic behaviour of the column. f given in 5.2.5, is a factor related to topography. ce(z) given in 5.2.6, is a factor dependent on the terrain of the site and the height above the ground, z. NOTE 1 q(10), f and ce(z),are based on the principles given in EN 1991-1-4. BS EN 40-3-
34、1:2013EN 40-3-1:2013 (E) 6 NOTE 2 The procedure above, using and factors, is intended as a simplified procedure that will offer a conservative approach. 5.2.2 Reference wind pressure q(10) The value of q(10) (in N/m) accounts for the geographical location of the lighting column. It is derived from t
35、he reference wind velocity Vref(in m/s) using the following formula: q(10) = 0,5(Cs)2Vref2 (2) where Vrefis the 10 minute mean wind velocity at 10 m above ground level for terrain category II (see Table 1) having an annual probability of exceedence of 0,02 (commonly referred to as having a mean retu
36、rn period of 50 years). Vref= CALTVref,0Vref,ois the basic value of the reference wind velocity at 10 m above sea level obtained from the wind maps referred to in Annex A; CALTis an altitude factor to be taken as 1,0 unless otherwise recommended in the National Annex to EN 1991-1-4 is the air densit
37、y. The air density is affected by altitude and depends on the temperature and pressure to be expected at the site location during wind storms. The value of shall be taken as 1.25 kg/m3, unless otherwise recommended in the National Annex to EN 1991-1-4. Csis a factor to convert Vreffrom an annual pro
38、bability of exceedence of 0,02 to other probabilities, and can be derived from the formula given in Annex A. For lighting columns the normal requirement is for a mean return period of 25 years, for which the factor Csshould be taken as .,9205.2.3 Factor for column size The greater the size of a surf
39、ace subject to wind, the more unlikely it is that the maximum pressure, on which the calculation is based, acts over its full area. The resultant smaller wind load on a component is taken into account by the factor dependent on the size of the area. The ruling dimension for the size of the area subj
40、ect to the wind is the greatest dimension in one direction. For a lighting column, this is the nominal height in metres. The value of the factor shall be obtained from the formula: = 1 - 0,01 h 5.2.4 Factor for the dynamic behaviour of lighting columns, The factor is dependent upon the basic period
41、of vibration T and the damping of the “column/luminaire“ system and takes into account the increase in the load, resulting from the dynamic behaviour of the lighting column, caused by wind gusts. BS EN 40-3-1:2013EN 40-3-1:2013 (E) 7 The period of vibration T in seconds for the determination of in a
42、ccordance with Figure 1 shall be obtained either by calculation or by testing. Key 1 metal 2 prestressed concrete 3 reinforced concrete 4 fibre reinforced polymer composite Figure 1 Coefficient for the dynamic behaviour of columns NOTE In place of Figure 1, curve 1, for metal can be calculated using
43、 the following formula: = 1.00240 - 0.00500T4+ 0.05144T3- 0.22793T2+ 0.67262T 5.2.5 Topography factor f The topography factor f shall be taken as 1, unless topography is specified as significant. Where a topographic feature is significant, the methodology in EN 1991-1-4:2005, Annex A should be used.
44、 The altitude used for calculating CALTshall be the altitude at the base of the topography slope in the upwind direction. 5.2.6 Exposure coefficient ce(z) The exposure coefficient accounts for variation of wind pressure with respect to height above ground and depends on terrain category. The appropr
45、iate terrain category for the location of the lighting column shall be decided on the basis of Table 1. BS EN 40-3-1:2013EN 40-3-1:2013 (E) 8 Table 1 Description of terrain category Category Description I Rough open sea. Lakeshore with at least 5 km fetch upwind. Smooth flat country without obstacle
46、s. II Farmland with boundary hedges, occasional small farm structures, houses or trees. III Suburban or industrial areas and permanent forests IV Urban areas in which at least 15 % of the surface is covered with buildings and their average height exceeds 15 m. For any particular height of considerat
47、ion and terrain category, the value of exposure coefficient ce(z) shall be taken either from Table 2 or Figure 2 whichever is considered more convenient. NOTE 1 For installation on bridges, the height z is measured from the water or ground level over which the bridge is crossing. NOTE 2 If the terra
48、in category is not provided by the purchaser, the calculation are carried out considering category II. Table 2 Exposure coefficient ce(z) Height above ground Terrain category Z (m) I II III IV 20 3,21 2,81 2,28 1,72 19 3,17 2,77 2,24 1,69 18 3,14 2,74 2,20 1,65 17 3,10 2,70 2,16 1,60 16 3,07 2,66 2,
49、11 1,56 15 3,03 2,62 2,07 1,56 14 2,98 2,57 2,02 1,56 13 2,94 2,52 1,96 1,56 12 2,89 2,47 1,91 1,56 11 2,83 2,41 1,85 1,56 10 2,78 2,35 1,78 1,56 9 2,71 2,29 1,71 1,56 8 2,64 2,21 1,63 1,56 7 2,57 2,13 1,63 1,56 6 2,48 2,04 1,63 1,56 5 2,37 1,93 1,63 1,56 4 2,25 1,80 1,63 1,56 3 2,09 1,80 1,63 1,56 2 1,88 1,80 1,63 1,56 1 1,88 1,80 1,63 1,56 BS EN 40-3-1:2013EN 40-3-1:2013 (E) 9 ce(z) is determined from the formula: ce(z) = cr2(z) + 7 krcr(z) where cr(z) = krln(z/zo) for zmin z 200
