1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 446:2007Grout for prestressing tendons Grouting proceduresThe European Standard EN 446:2007 has the status of a British StandardICS 91.100.10; 91.100.30g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g
2、51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN 446:2007This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2007 BSI 2007ISBN 978 0 580 55813 9National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementa
3、tion of EN 446:2007. It supersedes BS EN 446:1997 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/525, Building and civil engineering structures, to Subcommittee B/525/2, Structural use of concrete.A list of organizations represented on this committe
4、e can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.Amendments issued since publicatio
5、nAmd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 446October 2007ICS 91.100.30 Supersedes EN 446:1996 English VersionGrout for prestressing tendons - Grouting proceduresCoulis pour cble de prcontrainte - Procdures dinjectionde coulisEinpressmrtel fr Spannglieder - Einpressverf
6、ahrenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 June 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical ref
7、erences concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member i
8、nto its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
9、 Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 200
10、7 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 446:2007: EEN 446:2007 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Terms and definitions .6 4 Documentation.6 4.1 Execution specification.6 4.2
11、Quality plan 7 4.3 Execution documentation.7 5 Materials .7 6 Grout assessment8 6.1 Suitability testing.8 6.2 Project specific grouting tests .8 7 Equipment 9 7.1 General9 7.2 Mixer9 7.3 Pump .9 7.4 Hoses 9 7.5 Inlet connections .10 7.6 Stand-by and emergency equipment.10 8 Grouting procedures .10 8
12、.1 Inlets, outlets and tendon anchorages10 8.2 Precautions before grouting.10 8.3 Temperature at grouting .11 8.4 Grouting operations 11 8.5 Precautions after grouting11 9 Quality Management12 9.1 General12 9.2 Personnel12 9.3 Inspection .12 9.4 Conformity criteria.15 9.5 Action in the event of a no
13、n-conformity16 Bibliography 17 EN 446:2007 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 446:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 104 “Concrete and related products”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publi
14、cation of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2008. This document supersedes EN 446:1996. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the followin
15、g countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Sloveni
16、a, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 446:2007 (E) 4 Introduction In post-tensioned prestressed concrete construction, the grouting of tendons is an important operation. The intention of this European Standard is to provide a specification for grouting, compliance with which will sati
17、sfy the requirements in prEN 13670. The main function of grouting is to Provide protection to the prestressing steel against corrosion; Provide a bond between the prestressing steel and the ducts where required for the design of the structure; Allow the transfer of compressive stresses in the struct
18、ure in a direction transverse to the internal tendons; Fill all voids where water may accumulate and cause frost damage. The testing regimes anticipated by this European Standard include three levels: (1) Initial type and audit testing in accordance with EN 447; (2) Suitability testing for confirmat
19、ion of the selected grout for a specific project in accordance with this standard; (3) Inspection during the production of grout on a specific project in accordance with this standard. The test methods for each of the regimes are given in EN 445. EN 446:2007 (E) 5 System of CEN and EOTA documents as
20、 basis for design, execution and materials selection for protective measures of prestressing systems (only main modules). EN 1992 Eurocode 2:Design of concrete structures prEN 13670 Execution of concrete structures ETAG 013 Post-tensioning kits for prestressing of structuresEN 446 Grout for prestres
21、sing tendons Grouting proceduresEN 447 Grout for prestressing tendonsBasic requirementsEN 445 Grout for prestressing tendonsTest methods CEN Workshop Agreement CWA 14646 Requirements for the installation of post-tensioning kits for prestressing of structures and qualification of specialist company a
22、nd its personnel. EN 446:2007 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard gives the procedures to be used for grouting of tendons in post-tensioned prestressed concrete. It is applicable to all types of structures including bridges and buildings. This standard also covers suitability testing and inspection
23、 testing for grouts and their component materials used on a project. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced do
24、cument (including any amendments) applies. EN 445, Grout for prestressing tendons Test methods EN 447, Grout for prestressing tendons Basic requirements prEN 13670, Execution of concrete structures 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
25、3.1 grout homogeneous mixture of cement and water, it may contain admixtures and additions 3.2 grouting injection of grout into ducts in a continuous operation 3.3 tendon assembly of prestressing steel and sheath with anchorages and all necessary auxiliary components to permit grouting, either place
26、d internally or externally to the concrete structure 3.4 specialist contractor contractor or construction enterprise which carries out grouting of tendons 4 Documentation 4.1 Execution specification Before starting any part of the grouting works, the execution specification relevant to that part of
27、the works shall be complete and available. The following items shall be included in the execution specification: reference to this European standard; EN 446:2007 (E) 7 reference to other relevant European standards; reference to ETAs for the post-tensioning kit; reference to other relevant national
28、regulations and standards; information and requirements for the particular project prepared to supplement and qualify the requirements of the above listed documents; drawings and other technical documents needed for the execution. In addition where relevant, procedures shall be established for: maki
29、ng alterations to previously agreed requirements; distribution, the filing and recording of technical documents used for the works. 4.2 Quality plan If a quality control procedure for grouting works is required by the execution specification, it shall be available at the site. 4.3 Execution document
30、ation The specialist contractor shall keep available on site written method statements covering materials, equipment, grouting procedures and inspection all adapted to the extent and complexity of the project. Provisions for the case of unusually low or high temperatures or delayed grouting, if like
31、ly to occur during the project duration, shall be specified. The specialist contractor shall have shop drawings showing the position and details of the inlets and outlets, and the details of the sealing of the tendon anchorages. The specialist contractor shall keep available on site documented recor
32、ds of: materials and grout used; initial type testing according to EN 447; suitability testing according to this European standard; results of the project specific grouting tests, if specified. The specialist contractor shall keep documented records of the conformity of the materials, equipment, gro
33、ut, grouting operations, and inspection with this standard and the execution specification according to Table 2, Table 3 and Table 4. These records shall be kept for the duration, as required by national provisions. Any eventual corrective actions taken shall also be recorded. If special documentati
34、on beyond the requirements of this European standard is required for grouting works, the type and extent of the documentation shall be stated in the execution specification. 5 Materials The individual materials and the grout to be used shall comply with EN 447. EN 446:2007 (E) 8 6 Grout assessment 6
35、.1 Suitability testing The suitability of the grout shall be assessed for each project sufficiently in advance of grouting operations, to enable any necessary adjustments to be made in the use of the materials, equipment or personnel. The extent of suitability testing and number of tests shall be in
36、 accordance with Table 1. Suitability testing may be waived for structures in Inspection Class 2 subject to there being documented testing during production in accordance with EN 447. Table 1 Extent of suitability testing Test in accordance with EN 445 2)Suitability testing Number of tests Sieve 9 1
37、 test Fluidity 9 1 test immediately after mixing 2 tests 30 min after mixing Inclined tube Only required if not already subject to initial type testing with the same type of mixer intended to be used on the project 1 test if required Wick-induced bleed 1)9 3 tests Volume change 1)9 testCompressive s
38、trength 9 tests Density 9 1 test 1) Tests for bleeding and volume change are performed on the same sample. 2)Other test methods may be used if the correlation or safe relationship between the results of these test methods and the reference methods in EN 445 have been established. The grout assessmen
39、t shall consist of the preparation of the grout using the materials, equipment and personnel proposed for the project, and testing in accordance with EN 445. The preparation of the grout shall be carried out under the conditions expected on site for the project. The assessed grout properties shall c
40、omply with EN 447. The range of acceptable temperatures specified for the particular grout shall be compatible with the expected conditions of the project. 6.2 Project specific grouting tests If required by the execution specification, project specific grouting tests on tendons in representative for
41、ms of the project shall be performed. NOTE Such tests should be planned and carried out well in advance of the site operations. Such project specific grouting tests may be advisable, e.g. when tendon geometry and details are specified on the project for which no prior experience for successful grout
42、ing is available. Experience has shown that full-scale tests of grout and grouting procedures can be valuable to prove adequacy. EN 446:2007 (E) 9 7 Equipment 7.1 General Grouting equipment shall consist of a mixer and a pump with all the necessary connection hoses, valves, measuring devices for wat
43、er, cement, admixtures and additions and testing equipment as required to perform the grouting of the project. The grouting equipment shall be such that the ducts can be filled without interruption and at the anticipated speed. Grouting equipment shall include a storage reservoir if required for con
44、tinuous filling of the tendons on the project. Such storage reservoirs shall have an agitator to keep the grout moving continually before it is pumped into the ducts. The grouting equipment shall be compatible with the post-tensioning kit provided for the project. 7.2 Mixer The mixing equipment shal
45、l be capable of producing grout, which possesses an even distribution of cement, and an even dispersal of admixtures, additions, if any, and water. The mixed grout shall contain no cement lumps as confirmed with the sieve test of EN 445. The mixed grout shall comply with the requirements of EN 447.
46、7.3 Pump The pump shall be capable to provide a continuous flow of grout and to maintain the anticipated pressure for grouting. It shall be equipped with a pressure gauge and means to prevent unsafe pressure during grouting. The pump shall be constructed in such a way as to prevent introduction of a
47、ir, oil or other foreign substances into the grout. NOTE 1 Limiting the grout pressure serves to: (a) prevent blow-outs of hoses, inlets and outlets; (b) prevent damage to the concrete structure; (c) protect the equipment and valves from damage; (d) protect the operators. NOTE 2 The use of a pump wi
48、th a variable output gives the advantage that it can be adapted to the requirements of ducts of different diameters. 7.4 Hoses The diameter and rated pressure capacity of the grout hoses shall be compatible with the pump output, the assumed maximum pressure and the length needed. EN 446:2007 (E) 10
49、7.5 Inlet connections The connections of the grout hoses to the inlets of the ducts shall be leak tight. NOTE 1 Narrow openings in hose connectors or inlet connections, through which the grout must pass, should be avoided since the resulting pressure build-up can increase the risk of bleeding which in turn may lead to blockage. NOTE 2 A pressure gauge should be mounted at the grout inlet if the hose length is greater than 30 m. In the event of sudden and abnormal pressure increase, an additional pressure gauge located at the grout
