1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 843-2:2006Advanced technical ceramics Mechanical properties of monolithic ceramics at room temperature Part 2: Determination of Youngs modulus, shear modulus and Poissons ratioThe European Standard EN 843-2:2006 has the status of a British StandardICS 81.060.30g49g50g3g38g50g51
2、g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Wed Apr 04 07:31:44 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN 843-2:2006This Briti
3、sh Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2007 BSI 2007ISBN 978 0 580 49981 4National forewordThis British Standard was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of EN 843-2:2006. It supersedes DD ENV 843-2:1996 which is withdrawn.
4、The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee RPI/13, Advanced technical ceramics.A list of organizations represented on RPI/13 can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users ar
5、e responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsLicensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Wed Apr 04 07:31:44 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPE
6、NNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 843-2December 2006ICS 81.060.30 Supersedes ENV 843-2:1995 English VersionAdvanced technical ceramics - Mechanical properties ofmonolithic ceramics at room temperature - Part 2: Determinationof Youngs modulus, shear modulus and Poissons ratioCramiques techniques avances - Proprit
7、s mcaniquesdes cramiques monolithiques temprature ambiante -Partie 2: Dtermination du module dYoung, du module decisaillement et du coefficient de PoissonHochleistungskeramik - Mechanische Eigenschaftenmonolithischer Keramik bei Raumtemperatur - Teil 2:Bestimmung des Elastizittsmoduls, Schubmoduls u
8、nd derPoissonzahlThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 11 November 2006.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bib
9、liographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of
10、a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvi
11、a, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2
12、006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 843-2:2006: ELicensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Wed Apr 04 07:31:44 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 843-2:2006 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references
13、5 3 Terms and definitions .6 4 Method A: Static flexure method6 4.1 Principle6 4.2 Apparatus .7 4.3 Test pieces .8 4.4 Procedure .8 4.5 Calculations11 4.6 Measurement uncertainty .13 5 Method B: Resonance method.13 5.1 Principle13 5.2 Apparatus .13 5.3 Test pieces .14 5.4 Procedure .16 5.5 Calculati
14、ons18 5.6 Measurement uncertainty .20 6 Method C: Ultrasonic method.20 6.1 Principle20 6.2 Apparatus .20 6.3 Test pieces .22 6.4 Test method22 6.5 Calculations23 6.6 Measurement uncertainty .23 7 Method D: Impulse excitation method.24 7.1 Principle24 7.2 Apparatus .24 7.3 Test pieces .24 7.4 Procedu
15、re .24 7.5 Calculations27 7.6 Measurement uncertainty .27 8 Report .28 8.1 General28 8.2 Method A.28 8.3 Method B.28 8.4 Method C.29 8.5 Method D.29 Annex A (informative) Impact excitation method applied to disc test pieces.30 A.1 Scope 30 A.2 Apparatus .30 A.3 Test pieces .30 A.4 Principle30 A.5 Me
16、thod 31 A.6 Calculations32 A.7 Interferences 32 A.8 Measurement uncertainty .33 Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Wed Apr 04 07:31:44 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 843-2:2006 (E) 3 A.9 Report .33 Annex B (informative) Round-robin validation of test methods 37 B.1 Objectives 37 B.2 Material
17、s .37 B.3 Test facilities37 B.4 Results37 B.5 Conclusions .38 Bibliography39 Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Wed Apr 04 07:31:44 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 843-2:2006 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 843-2:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 184 “Advanced technical c
18、eramics”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2007. This
19、 document supersedes ENV 843-2:1995. EN 843 Advanced technical ceramics Mechanical properties of monolithic ceramics at room temperature comprises six parts: Part 1: Determination of flexural strength Part 2: Determination of Youngs modulus, shear modulus and Poissons ratio Part 3: Determination of
20、subcritical crack growth parameters from constant stressing rate flexural strength tests Part 4: Vickers, Knoop and Rockwell superficial hardness Part 5: Statistical analysis Part 6: Guidance for fractographic investigation At the time of publication of this Revision of Part 2, Part 6 was available
21、as a Technical Specification. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Icela
22、nd, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Wed Apr 04 07:31:44 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 843-2:2006 (E) 5 1 Scope This par
23、t of EN 843 specifies methods for determining the elastic moduli, specifically Youngs modulus, shear modulus and Poissons ratio, of advanced monolithic technical ceramics at room temperature. This European Standard prescribes four alternative methods for determining some or all of these three parame
24、ters: A The determination of Youngs modulus by static flexure of a thin beam in three- or four-point flexure. B The determination of Youngs modulus by forced longitudinal resonance, or Youngs modulus, shear modulus and Poissons ratio by forced flexural and torsional resonance, of a thin beam. C The
25、determination of Youngs modulus, shear modulus and Poissons ratio from the time-of-flight of an ultrasonic pulse. D The determination of Youngs modulus from the fundamental natural frequency of a struck bar (impulse excitation method). All the test methods assume the use of homogeneous test pieces o
26、f linear elastic materials. NOTE 1 Not all ceramic materials are equally and linearly elastic in tension and compression, such as some porous materials and some piezoelectric materials. With the exception of Method C, the test assumes that the test piece has isotropic elastic properties. Method C ma
27、y be used to determine the degree of anisotropy by testing in different orientations. NOTE 2 An ultrasonic method for dealing with anisotropic materials (ceramic matrix composites) can be found in ENV 14186 1. An alternative to Method D for isotropic materials using disc test pieces is given in Anne
28、x A. NOTE 3 At high porosity levels all of the methods except Method C may become inappropriate. The methods are only suitable for a maximum grain size (see EN 623-3), excluding deliberately added whiskers, of less than 10 % of the minimum dimension of the test piece. NOTE 4 The different methods gi
29、ven in this European Standard can produce slightly different results on the same material owing to differences between quasi-isothermal quasi-static and quasi-adiabatic dynamic conditions. In addition, the calculation routines for different methods have different origins and different potential unce
30、rtainties which have not been rigorously evaluated in producing this European Standard. Some information is given in Annex B (see also reference 2). 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the editio
31、n cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 623-2, Advanced technical ceramics Monolithic ceramics General and textural properties Part 2: Determination of density and porosity EN 623-3, Advanced technical ceramics Mon
32、olithic ceramics General and textural properties Part 3: Determination of grain size and size distribution (characterized by the Linear Intercept Method) EN 623-4, Advanced technical ceramics Monolithic ceramics General and textural properties Part 4: Determination of surface roughness Licensed Copy
33、: Wang Bin, na, Wed Apr 04 07:31:44 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 843-2:2006 (E) 6 EN 843-1:2006, Advanced technical ceramics Mechanical properties of monolithic ceramics at room temperature Part 1: Determination of flexural strength EN ISO 463, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS
34、) Dimensional measuring equipment Design and metrological characteristics of mechanical dial gauges (ISO 463:2006) EN ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials Verification of static uniaxial testing machines Part 1: Tension/compression testing machines Verification and calibration of the force-measuring syste
35、m (ISO 7500-1:2004) EN ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories (ISO/IEC 17025:2005) ISO 3611, Micrometer callipers for external measurement ISO 6906, Vernier callipers reading to 0,02 mm 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document,
36、 the terms and definitions given in EN 843-1:2006 and the following apply. 3.1 Youngs modulus stress required in a material to produce unit strain in uniaxial extension or compression 3.2 shear modulus shear stress required in a material to produce unit angular distortion 3.3 Poissons ratio negative
37、 value of the ratio of lateral strain to longitudinal strain in an elastic body stressed longitudinally 3.4 static elastic moduli elastic moduli determined in a quasi-isothermal condition by stressing statically or quasistatically 3.5 dynamic elastic moduli elastic moduli determined non-quasistatica
38、lly, i.e. under quasi-adiabatic conditions, such as in the resonant, ultrasonic pulse or impulse excitation methods 4 Method A: Static flexure method 4.1 Principle Using three- or four-point flexure of a thin beam test piece, the elastic distortion is measured, from which Youngs modulus may be calcu
39、lated according to thin-beam equations. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Wed Apr 04 07:31:44 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 843-2:2006 (E) 7 4.2 Apparatus 4.2.1 Test jig capable of three-point or four-point flexure. The test jig shall be in accordance with that described in EN 843-1 in ter
40、ms of its function, i.e. the support and loading rollers shall be free to roll, and to articulate to ensure axial and even loading. NOTE 1 Articulation is not essential for carefully machined flat and parallel-faced test pieces. The outer span of the test jig shall be 40 mm or greater. NOTE 2 If the
41、 availability of test material allows, a span of at least 100 mm is recommended to obtain large displacements and to ensure that the compliance of the machine is a small correction if displacement is recorded as a machine cross-head movement. The test jig shall be for four-point flexure, if displace
42、ment is determined by strain gauges or differential transducer. 4.2.2 Test machine capable of applying a force to the test jig at a constant displacement rate. The test machine shall be equipped for recording the load applied to the test jig at any point in time. The accuracy of the test machine sha
43、ll be in accordance with EN ISO 7500-1, Grade 1 (1 % of indicated load), and shall be capable of recording to a sensitivity of 0,1 % of the maximum load employed. The calibration shall have been checked within the previous year. 4.2.3 Displacement or strain measuring device 4.2.3.1 General Equipment
44、 shall be installed to measure the displacement or strain of the loaded test piece by one of three methods, in accordance with 4.2.3.2, 4.2.3.3 or 4.2.3.4. 4.2.3.2 Method A.1 A facility is designed to measure the apparent displacements of the test machine with the test piece (Figure 1 a), and with t
45、he test piece replaced by a steel or ceramic bar at least 15 mm thick. The difference between these displacements is equivalent to the displacement of the test piece in the test jig. The displacement recording device shall be calibrated by comparing machine cross-head displacement with the movement
46、indicated on a dial gauge or other displacement measuring device (see 4.2.5) contacting the cross-head. 4.2.3.3 Method A.2 A facility is designed to measure the displacement of the test piece directly using transducers contacting two defined points on the surface of the test piece between the suppor
47、t loading rollers in three-point or four-point bending (Figure 1 b). The defined points shall be the centre of the span and one or both loading rollers in four-point bending, or the centre of the span and one or both support rollers in three-point bending. The transducer shall be capable of detectin
48、g movements with an accuracy of 0,001 mm, shall have output linear to 0,01 % and shall be calibrated to an accuracy of 0,1 %. 4.2.3.4 Method A.3 A facility is designed to record the strain on the surface of the test piece by using a strain gauge placed on the surface of the test piece between the ce
49、ntral loading rollers in four-point bending (Figure 1 c). The strain gauge and its associated bridge circuit shall have an accuracy of better than 0,1 % and shall be capable of resolving a strain of less than 10-5. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Wed Apr 04 07:31:44 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 843-2:2006 (E) 8 NOTE It is recommended that the strain gauge should only be applied by experienced personnel in order to ensure it performs accurately. It is also recommended that two or more gauges are
