1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 901:2013Chemicals used for treatmentof water intended for humanconsumption SodiumhypochloriteBS EN 901:2013 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 901:2013. Itsupersedes BS EN 901:2007 which is withdrawn.The UK participati
2、on in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee CII/59, Chemicals for drinking water treatment.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are
3、responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 80012 2ICS 13.060.20; 71.100.80Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority
4、of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2013.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 901:2013EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 901 May 2013 ICS 71.100.80 Supersedes EN 901:2007English Version Chemicals used for treatment of water intended for
5、human consumption - Sodium hypochlorite Produits chimiques utiliss pour le traitement de leau destine la consommation humaine - Hypochlorite de sodium Produkte zur Aufbereitung von Wasser fr den menschlichen Gebrauch - Natriumhypochlorit This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 March 2013. C
6、EN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on ap
7、plication to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
8、Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, L
9、atvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-
10、1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 901:2013: EBS EN 901:2013EN 901:2013 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword . 4 Introduction 5 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references . 6 3 Description . 6 3.1 Identification . 6 3
11、.2 Commercial form 7 3.3 Physical properties 7 3.4 Chemical properties . 8 4 Purity criteria 8 4.1 General . 8 4.2 Composition of commercial product . 8 4.3 Impurities and main by-products 8 4.4 Chemical parameters . 9 5 Test methods 9 5.1 Sampling . 9 5.2 Analysis 9 6 Labelling - transportation - s
12、torage . 20 6.1 Means of delivery . 20 6.2 Labelling according to the EU legislation 20 6.3 Transportation regulations and labelling 21 6.4 Marking . 21 6.5 Storage . 22 Annex A (informative) General information on sodium hypochlorite . 23 A.1 Origin 23 A.2 Use 23 Annex B (normative) General rules r
13、elating to safety . 24 B.1 Rules for safe handling and use 24 B.2 Emergency procedures 24 Annex C (normative) Determination of arsenic, antimony and selenium (atomic absorption spectrometry hydride technique) 25 C.1 General principle 25 C.2 Interferences 25 C.3 Reagents . 25 C.4 Apparatus . 27 C.5 P
14、rocedure . 29 C.6 Calculation 30 Annex D (normative) Determination of bromate ion content in sodium hypochlorite by liquid chromatography of ions and UV detection . 31 D.1 General . 31 D.2 Interferences 31 D.3 Principle 31 D.4 Reagents . 31 D.5 Apparatus . 33 D.6 Procedure . 33 BS EN 901:2013EN 901:
15、2013 (E) 3 Annex E (informative) Results of inter-laboratory tests on sodium bromate determination in sodium hypochlorite commercial solutions 36 Annex F (informative) Environmental, health and safety precautions within chemical laboratories 37 Bibliography 38 BS EN 901:2013EN 901:2013 (E) 4 Forewor
16、d This document (EN 901:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 164 “Water supply”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by Novembe
17、r 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
18、rights. This document supersedes EN 901:2007. Significant technical differences between this edition and EN 901:2007 are as follows: replacement of warning and safety precautions notes by labelling according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the nati
19、onal standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lit
20、huania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 901:2013EN 901:2013 (E) 5 Introduction In respect of potential adverse effects on the quality of water intended for human consumption caused
21、 by the product covered by this European Standard: a) this European Standard provides no information regarding whether the product may be used without restriction in any of the Member States of the EU or EFTA; b) it should be noted that, while awaiting the adoption of verifiable European criteria, e
22、xisting national regulations concerning the use and/or the characteristics of this product remain in force. NOTE Conformity with this European Standard does not confer or imply acceptance or approval of the product in any of the Member States of the EU or EFTA. Use of the product covered by this Eur
23、opean Standard is subject to regulation or control by National Authorities. This product is a biocide and should comply with the relevant legislation in force. In the European Union, at the time of publication, this legislation is Directive 1998/8/EC 1. BS EN 901:2013EN 901:2013 (E) 6 1 Scope This E
24、uropean Standard is applicable to sodium hypochlorite used for treatment of water intended for human consumption. It describes the characteristics of sodium hypochlorite and specifies the requirements and the corresponding test methods for sodium hypochlorite. It gives information on its use in wate
25、r treatment. It also determines the rules relating to safe handling and use of sodium hypochlorite (see Annex B). NOTE While this standard is not applicable to sodium hypochlorite generated in-situ (see bibliographic reference 7), the limits for impurities and chemical parameters apply. 2 Normative
26、references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) appli
27、es. EN 1233, Water quality Determination of chromium Atomic absorption spectrometric methods EN ISO 3696:1995, Water for analytical laboratory use Specification and test methods (ISO 3696:1987) EN ISO 12846, Water quality Determination of mercury Method using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) wit
28、h and without enrichment (ISO 12846) ISO 3165, Sampling of chemical products for industrial use Safety in sampling ISO 6206, Chemical products for industrial use Sampling Vocabulary ISO 8288:1986, Water quality Determination of cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium and lead Flame atomic absorption s
29、pectrometric methods 3 Description 3.1 Identification 3.1.1 Chemical name Sodium hypochlorite. 3.1.2 Synonym or common names Liquid bleach, soda bleach, bleach lye. 3.1.3 Relative molecular mass 74,44. 3.1.4 Empirical formula NaClO. 3.1.5 Chemical formula NaClO. BS EN 901:2013EN 901:2013 (E) 7 3.1.6
30、 CAS Registry Number 1)7681-52-9. 3.1.7 EINECS reference 2)231-668-3. 3.2 Commercial form The product is supplied as an aqueous solution with an available (active) chlorine concentration up to a mass fraction of 18 %. 3.3 Physical properties 3.3.1 Appearance and odour The product is a clear yellowis
31、h-green solution with a faint chlorinous odour. 3.3.2 Density The density of the product varies between 1,13 g/ml and 1,30 g/ml at 20 C. 3.3.3 Solubility in water The product is capable of being mixed with water in any proportion. 3.3.4 Vapour pressure Approximately 2,5 kPaat 20 C. 3.3.5 Boiling poi
32、nt at 100 kPa 3)Not applicable. 3.3.6 Crystallisation and freezing point At about 10 C crystallisation of NaOCl . 6 H2O starts. Freezing of the concentrated product takes place between - 20 C and - 30 C. 3.3.7 Specific heat The specific heat is 3,48 kJ/(kg.K) for a solution with an available active
33、chlorine concentration of mass fraction between 14 % and 15 %. 3.3.8 Viscosity (dynamic) 2,6 mPa.s at 20 C. 1) Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number. 2) European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances. 3) 100 kPa = 1 bar. BS EN 901:2013EN 901:2013 (E) 8 3.3.9 Critical temperature
34、Not applicable. 3.3.10 Critical pressure Not applicable. 3.3.11 Physical hardness Not applicable. 3.4 Chemical properties The product is an alkaline solution with a pH value greater than 11 at 20 C. It reacts with acids and acidic salts to form chlorine. Vigorous reactions occur with reducing chemic
35、als. It is a strong oxidant (ERedfor (ClO-) = 0,89 V). ClO- + 2H+ +2e - Cl - + H2O 4 Purity criteria 4.1 General This European Standard specifies the minimum purity requirements for sodium hypochlorite used for treating water intended for human consumption. Limits are given for impurities commonly p
36、resent in the product. Depending on the raw material and the manufacturing process, other impurities may be present and, if so, the user, and when necessary the relevant authorities, shall be notified. Users of the product should check the national regulations to clarify whether it is of appropriate
37、 purity for treating water intended for human consumption, taking into account raw water quality, required dosage, contents of other impurities and additives used in the product that are not stated in this product standard. Limits have been given for impurities and chemical parameters where these ar
38、e likely to be present in significant quantities from the current production process and raw materials. If the production process or the raw materials bring about the presence of significant amounts of impurities, by-products or additives, the user shall be notified. 4.2 Composition of commercial pr
39、oduct Sodium hypochlorite is available only in solutions with concentrations up to 18 % active chlorine at the time of delivery by the producer. Common concentrated products contain a minimum of 12 % active chlorine. Diluted solutions are also available. The concentration of sodium hypochlorite shal
40、l be equal to or greater than the value specified by the manufacturer. 4.3 Impurities and main by-products The product contains sodium chloride (NaCl) in equimolar amounts at minimum, and a small portion of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) which keeps the product alkaline. Thus a little amount of sodium carb
41、onate (Na2CO3) can be present, too. BS EN 901:2013EN 901:2013 (E) 9 The sodium chlorate (NaClO3) content shall not exceed a mass fraction of 5,4 % of available chlorine at the time of delivery by the producer. The product shall be visibly free from deposits or suspended matter. NOTE Sodium chlorate
42、is a by-product of the manufacturing process and can be formed during storage (see 6.5.1). 4.4 Chemical parameters The product shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 1. Table 1 Chemical parameters Parameter Limit in mg/kg of available chlorine Type 1 Type 2 Arsenic (As) max. 1 5 Antimo
43、ny (Sb) max. 20 25 Cadmium (Cd) max. 2,5 5 Chromium (Cr) max. 2,5 5 Lead (Pb) max. 15 15 Mercury (Hg) max. 3,5 5 Nickel (Ni) max. 2,5 10 Selenium (Se) max. 20 25 Limit in g/kg of available chlorine Sodium bromatea max. 2,5 5,0 aSodium bromate is a by-product of the manufacturing process. NOTE Cyanid
44、e, which does not exist in a strong oxidising medium such as sodium hypochlorite, is not a relevant chemical parameter. Pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are not by-products of the manufacturing process. For parametric values of sodium hypochlorite on trace metal content in drinking wa
45、ter, see bibliographic reference 1. 5 Test methods 5.1 Sampling Observe the general recommendations of ISO 3165 and take account of ISO 6206. 5.2 Analysis 5.2.1 Determination of available chlorine content (main product) 5.2.1.1 General This method applies to all commercial products with available ch
46、lorine contents within the range of 70 g/l to 170 g/l. NOTE It detects all oxidising agents being active in weak acidic solutions, i.e. hypochlorite/chlorine, iodate, and partially chloramines, Fe(III), etc. Bromate and chlorate are not covered under these conditions. BS EN 901:2013EN 901:2013 (E) 1
47、0 5.2.1.2 Principle Sodium hypochlorite reacts with potassium iodide to release iodine in the presence of acetic acid. The iodine is titrated with sodium thiosulfate standard volumetric solution in the presence of starch indicator solution. The titration may also be carried out potentiometrically by
48、 the aid of titration automates, in which case the addition of soluble starch is unnecessary. 5.2.1.3 Reagents All reagents shall be of a recognised analytical grade and the water used shall conform to grade 3, as specified in EN ISO 3696:1995 (de-ionised water for common laboratory purposes). 5.2.1
49、.3.1 Potassium iodide solution, mass fraction 10 % Weigh, to the nearest 0,1 mg, 100 g of potassium iodide, iodate-free, and dissolve in water and dilute to 1 l. 5.2.1.3.2 Acetic acid concentrated, of purity at least of mass fraction 99 % 5.2.1.3.3 Sodium thiosulfate standard volumetric solution, c(Na2S2O3.5H2O) = 0,1 mol/l Standard volumetric solutions are commercially available, which might have to be diluted. Alternatively, a standard volumetric solution may be prepared by the following procedure: Dissolve 24,8 g Na2S2O3.5H2O in
