1、BS EN 973:2009ICS 13.060.20; 71.100.80NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDChemicals used fortreatment of waterintended for humanconsumption Sodium chloride forregeneration of ionexchangersThis British Standardwas published underthe authority of theSt
2、andards Policy andStrategy Committee on 30November 2009 BSI 2009ISBN 978 0 580 65236 3Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS EN 973:2009National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 973:2009. Itsupersedes BS EN 973:2002 which is withdrawn.The UK partici
3、pation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee CII/59, Chemicals for drinking water treatment.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users
4、are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.BS EN 973:2009EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 973August 2009ICS 71.100.80 Supersedes EN 973:2002 English VersionChemicals used for treatment of water intended
5、 for humanconsumption - Sodium chloride for regeneration of ionexchangersProduits chimiques utiliss pour le traitement de leaudestine la consommation humaine - Chlorure de sodiumpour la rgnration des rsines changeuses dionsProdukte zur Aufbereitung von Wasser fr denmenschlichen Gebrauch - Natriumchl
6、orid zumRegenerieren von lonenaustauschernThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 July 2009.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-
7、to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder
8、 the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hung
9、ary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: Av
10、enue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 973:2009: EBS EN 973:2009EN 973:2009 (E) 2 Contents page Foreword 3Introduction . 41 Scope 52 Normative references 53 Description . 53.1 Identificat
11、ion . 53.2 Commercial forms . 63.3 Physical properties 63.4 Chemical properties 84 Purity criteria 84.1 General 84.2 Composition of commercial product . 84.3 Impurities and main by-products . 84.4 Chemical parameters 95 Test methods 95.1 Sampling . 95.2 Analyses . 96 Labelling Transportation - Stora
12、ge . 106.1 Means of delivery . 106.2 Risk and safety labelling in accordance with the EU directives106.3 Transportation regulations and labelling 106.4 Marking . 106.5 Storage 11Annex A (informative) General information on sodium chloride 12A.1 Origin 12A.2 Use 12A.3 Rules for safe handling and use
13、12A.4 Emergency procedures . 12Annex B (normative) Analytical methods 14B.1 Determination of antimony, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, nickel and selenium (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP/OES) 14B.2 Determination of total mercury (cold vapour atomic absorption spectro
14、metry) 18B.3 Determination of water-soluble hexacyanoferrate (II) (molecular absorption spectrometry) . 23B.4 Determination of potassium (Flame atomic absorption spectrometric method) 27Annex C (informative) Determination of cadmium, chromium, nickel and lead (flame atomic absorption spectrometry 30
15、 C.1 Determination of cadmium . 30C.2 Determination of chromium 34C.3 Determination of nickel . 37C.4 Determination of lead 40Annex D (informative) Determination of arsenic, antimony and selenium (atomic absorption spectrometry hydride technique) . 45D.1 General principle 45D.2 Interferences 45D.3 R
16、eagents . 45D.4 Apparatus . 47D.5 Procedure . 48D.6 Calculation 50Bibliography 51BS EN 973:2009EN 973:2009 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 973:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 164 “Water supply”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given t
17、he status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2010, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2010. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may b
18、e the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 973:2002. Differences between this edition and EN 973:2002 are editorial to harmonise the text with other standards in this series. According to
19、 the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lith
20、uania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 973:2009EN 973:2009 (E) 4 Introduction In respect of potential adverse effects on the quality of water intended for human consumption, caused by the
21、product covered by this standard: a) this standard provides no information as to whether the product may be used without restriction in any of the Member States of the EU or EFTA; b) it should be noted that, while awaiting the adoption of verifiable European criteria, existing national regulations c
22、oncerning the use and/or the characteristics of this product remain in force. NOTE Conformity with the standard does not confer or imply acceptance or approval of the product in any of the Member States of the EU or EFTA. The use of the product covered by this European Standard is subject to regulat
23、ion or control by National Authorities. BS EN 973:2009EN 973:2009 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard is applicable to sodium chloride intended for use only in water treatment apparatus, for the regeneration of ion exchangers, intended for water for human consumption. It describes the characteristi
24、cs and specifies the requirements and the corresponding test methods for sodium chloride. It gives information on its use in water treatment. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited
25、 applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use - Specification and test methods (ISO 3696:1987) ISO 2479, Sodium chloride for industrial use Determination of matter insoluble in wate
26、r or in acid and preparation of principal solutions for other determinations ISO 2480, Sodium chloride for industrial use Determination of sulphate content Barium sulphate gravimetric method ISO 2482, Sodium chloride for industrial use Determination of calcium and magnesium contents EDTA complexomet
27、ric methods ISO 2483, Sodium chloride for industrial use Determination of the loss of mass at 110 C ISO 3165, Sampling of chemical products for industrial use - Safety in sampling ISO 6206, Chemical products for industrial use Sampling Vocabulary ISO 6227, Chemical products for industrial use Genera
28、l method for determination of chloride ions Potentiometric method ISO 8213, Chemical products for industrial use Sampling techniques Solid chemical products in the form of particles varying from powders to coarse lumps 3 Description 3.1 Identification 3.1.1 Chemical name Sodium chloride. 3.1.2 Synon
29、ym or common name Salt. 3.1.3 Relative molecular mass 58,45. 3.1.4 Empirical formula NaCl. BS EN 973:2009EN 973:2009 (E) 6 3.1.5 Chemical formula NaCl. 3.1.6 CAS Registry Number17647-14-5. 3.1.7 EINECS Reference2231-598-3. 3.2 Commercial forms The product is available as rock salt, sea salt or evapo
30、rated salt, and it is supplied as free-flowing crystals or their compacted forms. 3.3 Physical properties 3.3.1 Appearance The product is white and crystalline. 3.3.2 Density The density of the solid crystal is 2,16 g/cm3 at 20 C. The bulk density depends on the particle size distribution. 3.3.3 Sol
31、ubility (in water) The solubility of the product depends on the temperature as given in Figure 1. 1 Chemical Abstract Service Registry Number. 2 European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances. BS EN 973:2009EN 973:2009 (E) 7 Key 1 Transition point NaCl NaCl.2H2O Figure 1 - Solubility
32、curve for sodium chloride in water 3.3.4 Vapour pressure Not applicable. 3.3.5 Boiling point at 100 kPa3Not applicable. 3.3.6 Melting point 802 C. 3.3.7 Specific heat Approximately 850 J/(kgK) at 25 C for the solid. 3.3.8 Viscosity (dynamic) The viscosity of the saturated solution at 20 C is approxi
33、mately 1,9 mPas. 3.3.9 Critical temperature Not applicable. 3.3.10 Critical pressure Not applicable. 3.3.11 Physical hardness The hardness of solid salt is given as 2 to 2,5 on the Mohs scale of hardness. 3 100 kPa = 1 bar. BS EN 973:2009EN 973:2009 (E) 8 3.4 Chemical properties Sodium chloride is s
34、table, non-volatile and aqueous solutions have good electrical conductivity. Sodium chloride is decomposed by a number of acids. It reacts with sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and strong oxidizing agents. The reactions are often complex and require heat for completion. NOTE Under certain conditions a
35、 sodium chloride solution can cause corrosion of metallic surfaces. 4 Purity criteria 4.1 General This European Standard specifies the minimum purity requirements for sodium chloride for regeneration of ion exchangers used for the treatment of water intended for human consumption. Limits are given f
36、or impurities commonly present in the product. Depending on the raw material and the manufacturing process other impurities may be present and, if so, this shall be notified to the user and when necessary to relevant authorities. NOTE Users of this product should check the national regulations in or
37、der to clarify whether it is of appropriate purity for treatment of water intended for human consumption, taking into account raw water quality, contents of other impurities and additives used in the products not stated in the product standard. Limits have been given for impurities and chemical para
38、meters where these are likely to be present in significant quantities from the current production process and raw materials. If the production process or raw materials lead to significant quantities of impurities, by-products or additives being present, this shall be notified to the user. 4.2 Compos
39、ition of commercial product The content of sodium chloride in the dry product shall not be less than: grade A: mass fraction 99,4 % of dry NaCl; grade B: mass fraction 98,5 % of dry NaCl. NOTE An anticaking agent, sodium or potassium hexacyanoferrate 4, is allowed up to a maximum level in the final
40、product of 20 mg/kg, expressed as the anhydrous hexacyanoferrate ion Fe(CN)6-4and for the determination see B.3. 4.3 Impurities and main by-products The product shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 1 and Table 2. Table 1 Impurities Impurity Limit Mass fraction % of NaCI content Water
41、-insoluble matter Grade A Grade B max. 0,05 0,354 E number 535 or 536 (see 2). BS EN 973:2009EN 973:2009 (E) 9 Table 2 Moisture content Impurity Limit % (m/m) of NaCI content Moisture content Dry salt Undried salt max 0,6 5 Potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulfate are natural impurities. Their cont
42、ents are not relevant. 4.4 Chemical parameters The product shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 3. Table 3 Chemical parameters Parameter Limits in mg/kg of commercial product Arsenic (As) max. 13 Cadmium (Cd) max. 1,3 Chromium (Cr) max. 13 Mercury (Hg) max. 0,26 Nickel (Ni) max. 13 L
43、ead (Pb) max. 13 Antimony (Sb) max. 2,6 Selenium (Se) max. 2,6 NOTE Other chemical parameters and indicator parameters as listed in EU Directive 98/83/EC (see 1) are not relevant in sodium chloride. 5 Test methods 5.1 Sampling A test sample of about 500 g shall be taken for analysis, ensuring that i
44、t is representative of the whole batch, and taking account of ISO 3165 and also ISO 6206. Prepare the laboratory sample(s) required in accordance with ISO 8213. NOTE It should be ensured that no trace of the impurities to be determined is introduced in the sample during the sampling operations. 5.2
45、Analyses 5.2.1 Main product The percentage mass fraction of sodium chloride (NaCI) shall be determined by calculation, on the basis of the results of the determinations of sulfate (according to ISO 2480), halogens (according to ISO 6227), calcium and magnesium (according to ISO 2482), potassium (see
46、 B.4) and loss of mass on drying (according to ISO 2483). Convert sulfate to calcium sulfate and unused calcium to calcium chloride, unless sulfate in sample exceeds the amount necessary to combine with calcium, in which case convert calcium to calcium sulfate and unused sulfate to magnesium sulfate
47、 and the remaining sulfate to sodium sulfate. Convert unused magnesium to magnesium chloride. Convert potassium to potassium chloride. Convert unused halogens to sodium chloride. Report the sodium chloride contents on a dry matter basis, multiplying the percentage of sodium chloride by 100/(100 - P)
48、, where P is the percentage mass fraction of the loss of mass on drying (see 5.2.2.2). BS EN 973:2009EN 973:2009 (E) 10 5.2.2 Impurities 5.2.2.1 Water-insoluble matter The content of water-insoluble matter shall be determined in accordance with ISO 2479. 5.2.2.2 Moisture content The loss of mass at
49、110 C shall be determined in accordance with ISO 2483. 5.2.3 Chemical parameters 5.2.3.1 Arsenic, cadmium, chromium, nickel, lead, antimony, selenium The contents of chemical parameters, except for mercury, shall be determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP/OES) (see B.1). NOTE Alternatively, the determinatio
