1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58Part 19: Determination of thermal expansion by a differential methodThe European Standard EN 993-19
2、:2004 has the status of a British StandardICS 81.080Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 993-19:2004Incorporating corrigendum no. 1BS EN 993-19:2004This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 6 Octobe
3、r 2004 BSI 2007ISBN 978 0 580 59192 1Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Comments17138 Corrigendum No. 129 June 2007 Correction to national foreword. Addition of supersession details.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.National forewordThis B
4、ritish Standard is the UK implementation of EN 993-19:2004. It supersedes BS 1902-5.4:1989 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee RPI/1, Refractories.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secre
5、tary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 993-19May 2004ICS 81.080English versionMethods of test for dense shaped refractory products - Part 19:Dete
6、rmination of thermal expansion by a differential methodMthodes dessai des produits rfractaires densesfaonns - Partie 19: Dtermination de la dilatationthermiquePrfverfahren fr dichte geformte feuerfeste Erzeugnisse -Teil 19: Bestimmung der Wrmeausdehnung nach einemDifferentialverfahrenThis European S
7、tandard was approved by CEN on 24 March 2004.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning
8、such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language
9、and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Ne
10、therlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any fo
11、rm and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 993-19:2004: EEN 993-19:2004 (E) 2 Contents page Foreword3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Terms and definitions .4 4 Principle4 5 Apparatus .4 5.1 Loading device.4 5.1.1 General4 5.1.2 Fixed column5 5.1.3 Moving column.
12、5 5.1.4 Two discs5 5.1.5 Arrangement of the apparatus .5 5.1.6 Applying the load.5 5.2 Furnace .5 5.3 Measuring device.6 5.4 Temperature measurement devices 7 5.5 Callipers7 6 Test pieces .8 7 Procedure .8 8 Calculation of results 8 9 Test report 10 Bibliography 11 EN 993-19:2004 (E) 3 Foreword This
13、 document (EN 993-19:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 187 “Refractory products and materials”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the l
14、atest by November 2004, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2004. This document includes a Bibliography. EN 993 with the general title “Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products” consists of 20 Parts: Part 1: Determination of bulk density, appar
15、ent porosity and true porosity Part 2: Determination of true density Part 3: Test methods for carbon-containing refractories Part 4: Determination of permeability to gases Part 5: Determination of cold crushing strength Part 6: Determination of modulus of rupture at ambient temperature Part 7: Deter
16、mination of modulus of rupture at elevated temperatures Part 8: Determination of refractoriness-under-load Part 9: Determination of creep in compression Part 10: Determination of permanent change in dimensions on heating Part 11: Determination of resistance to thermal shock1Part 12: Determination of
17、 pyrometric cone equivalent (refractoriness) Part 13: Specification for pyrometric reference cones for laboratory use Part 14: Determination of thermal conductivity by the hot-wire (cross-array) method Part 15: Determination of thermal conductivity by the hot-wire (parallel) method Part 16: Determin
18、ation of resistance to sulphuric acid Part 17: Determination of bulk density of granular materials by the mercury method with vacuum Part 18: Determination of bulk density of granular materials by the water method with vacuum Part 19: Determination of thermal expansion by a differential method Part
19、20: Determination of resistance to abrasion at ambient temperature According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Fr
20、ance, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. 1Published as a TS with the general title “Dense shaped refractory products” EN 993-19:2004 (E) 4 1
21、 Scope This European Standard describes a method for determining the thermal expansion of dense shaped refractory products under rising temperature by a differential method. NOTE The test can be carried out up to a maximum temperature of 1 700 C. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorpo
22、rates by dated or undated references, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this Euro
23、pean Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references, the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments). EN 60584-1, Thermocouples Part 1: Reference tables (IEC 60584-1:1995). EN 60584-2, Thermocouples Part 2: Tolerances (IEC 6058
24、4-2:1982+A1:1989). ISO 3611, Micrometer callipers for external measurement. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 thermal expansion uniaxial extension which occurs when a material is heated under contact load 3.2 contact lo
25、ad total constant compressive load applied to the test piece during the performance of the test 4 Principle A cylindrical test piece is subjected to a defined compressive contact load and heated in air at a specified uniform rate of temperature increase. Its change in height and temperature are reco
26、rded and the percentage change in height is evaluated as a function of temperature. NOTE If the test is applied to material liable to oxidation, the results may be influenced. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Loading device 5.1.1 General The loading device shall be capable of applying a load centred on the common ax
27、is of the loading column, the test piece and the supporting column, and directed vertically along this axis at all stages of the test. The loading device consists of the items given in 5.1.2 to 5.1.5. A contact stress of 0,01 MPa is applied in a downward direction from above the test piece resting d
28、irectly or indirectly on a fixed base. The change in height of the test piece is measured by a device that passes either through the applied load or through an intermediate base. The contact load shall not vary by more than 1 N. EN 993-19:2004 (E) 5 5.1.2 Fixed column The fixed column shall be at le
29、ast 45 mm in overall diameter and with an axial bore (see 5.1.5). 5.1.3 Moving column The moving column shall be at least 45 mm in overall diameter. NOTE Arrangements can be made for the upper moving column to be fixed to the furnace, and the combination of furnace and column then forms the moveable
30、 loading device. In this case, a counter balancing weight will be necessary to achieve the required contact stress. 5.1.4 Two discs Two discs shall be 5 mm to 10 mm thick, at least 50,5 mm in diameter and not less than the actual diameter of the test pieces. The discs shall be of an appropriate refr
31、actory material compatible with the material under test. NOTE For example, high fired mullite or alumina for alumino-silicate products, and magnesia or spinel for basic products. These discs are placed between the test piece and the fixed and moving columns. The disc placed between the test piece an
32、d the fixed column shall have a central bore (see 5.1.5). The ends of the fixed and moving column shall be plane and perpendicular on their axes; the face of each disc shall be plane and parallel. If chemical reaction is expected between discs and test piece, a platinum or platinum/rhodium foil (0,2
33、 mm thickness) shall be placed between them. 5.1.5 Arrangement of the apparatus The arrangement of the two columns, the two discs, the platinum sheet, if used, and the test piece is shown in Figure 1, which also shows typical diameters of the bores in the fixed column and the disc between them. 5.1.
34、6 Applying the load The columns and the discs shall be capable of withstanding the applied load up to the final test temperature without significant deformation. There should be no reaction between the discs and the loading system. NOTE The material from which the discs are made should have a T1 val
35、ue greater than or equal to the temperature at which the test material has a T5value. T1 and T5correspond to temperatures for which the deformation values measured according to EN 993-8 are respectively 1 % and 5 %. 5.2 Furnace The furnace (preferably with a vertical axis) shall be capable of raisin
36、g the temperature of the test piece to the final test temperature at the specified rate (see clause 7) in an atmosphere of air. The temperature of the region of the furnace occupied by the test piece, when at a stable temperature above 500 C, shall be uniform around the test piece (12,5 mm above and
37、 below) to within 10 K; this shall be verified by carrying out tests using the thermocouples located at different points on the curved surface of the test piece. NOTE The furnace design should be such that the whole of the column assembly can be reached easily, either by movement of the supporting c
38、olumn or, if access into the furnace is restricted, by movement of the furnace itself. The assembly should be such that the test piece and loading column stand vertically and co-axial with the support column when unrestrained. EN 993-19:2004 (E) 6 Key NOTE Typical dimensions, in mm, marked* 1 Moving
39、 column (see 5.1.3) ext. 45 min.* 2 Upper disc (see 5.1.4) 3 Pt-Rh sheet ext. 50,5* int.: 12 4 Test piece ext.: 50 0,5 int.: 12 min., 13 max. 5 Pt-Rh sheet ext.: 50,5* int.: 10* 6 Lower disc (see 5.1.4) ext.: 50,5 mm int.: 10* 7 Fixed column (see 5.1.2) ext.: 45 mm int.: 20 mm. 8 Outer alumina tube
40、(see 5.3.a) ext.: 15* int: 10 ext. : 50,5 mm. 9 Central thermocouple (see 5.4.1) 10 Inner alumina tube (see 5.3.b) ext.: 8*. int.: 5* 12345678109Figure 1 Example for an arrangement of test piece, columns, discs and tubes 5.3 Measuring device The measuring device shall preferably be placed below the
41、test piece, (see Figures 1 and 2), consisting of the following items. a) Outer alumina tube, placed inside the fixed column to abut on the lower side of the lower disc, and free to move within the fixed column (see c). b) Inner alumina tube, placed inside the outer alumina tube and passing through t
42、he bores in the lower disc and in the test piece to abut on the lower face of the upper disc, and free to move within the outer alumina tube, the lower disc and the test piece (see c). The alumina tubes shall be capable of withstanding the load imposed on them by the measuring instrument at all temp
43、eratures up to the final test temperature without significant distortion. c) The arrangements of the two tubes, the two discs and test pieces are as shown in Figure 1, which also indicates typical external and internal diameters of the outer and inner alumina tubes. d) An appropriate measuring instr
44、ument (for example a dial-gauge or length transducer connected to an automatic recording system), is fixed to the end of the outer tube (see a) and actuated by the inner tube (see b). The sensitivity of the measuring device shall be at least 0,005 mm. EN 993-19:2004 (E) 7 Key 1 Moving column (see 5.
45、1.3) 2 Disc (see 5.1.4) 3 Position of central thermocouple (see 5.4.1) 4 Control thermocouple (see 5.4.2) 5 Test piece (see clause 6) 6 Disc (see 5.1.4) 7 Inner alumina tube (see 5.3.b) 8 Outer alumina tube (see 5.3.a) 9 Fixed column (see 5.1.2) 10 Measuring instrument (see 5.3.d) 12345678910Figure
46、2 Test apparatus 5.4 Temperature measurement devices 5.4.1 Central thermocouple, passing through the inner alumina tube (see 5.3) of the dilatometer, with its junction at the mid-point of the test piece, for measuring the temperature of the test piece at its geometric centre. 5.4.2 Control thermocou
47、ple, which shall be placed in a sheath and situated outside the test piece (see Figure 2), for regulating the rate of rise of temperature. NOTE 1 For certain furnace constructions, it may advisable to place the thermocouple nearer to the heating elements. The thermocouples (see 5.4.1 and 5.4.2) shal
48、l be made from platinum and/or platinum-rhodium wire, and shall be compatible with the final test temperature. They shall be in accordance with EN 60584-1 and EN 60584-2. The accuracy of the thermocouples shall be checked on a regular basis. NOTE 2 The central thermocouple can be connected to a cont
49、inuous recording device which may form part of a temperature/displacement recording system. In this case, calibration of the instrumentation should be carried out regularly. 5.5 Callipers Callipers shall be capable of measuring to 0,1 mm, in accordance with ISO 3611. EN 993-19:2004 (E) 8 6 Test pieces The test piece shall be a cylinder 50 mm 0,5 mm in diameter and 50 mm 0,5 mm in height, with a hole from 12 mm to 13 mm in diameter, extending throughout the height of
