1、Micrographic examination of the non-metallic inclusion content of steels using standard picturesBS EN 10247:2017BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 10247 July 2017 ICS 77.040.99 Supersedes EN 10247:2007
2、English Version Micrographic examination of the non-metallic inclusion content of steels using standard pictures Dtermination micrographique de la teneur en inclusions non-mtalliques des aciers laide dimages-types Metallographische Prfung des Gehaltes nichtmetallischer Einschlsse in Sthlen mit Bildr
3、eihenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 18 January 2017. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographica
4、l references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility o
5、f a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Ma
6、cedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALI
7、SATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 10247:2017 ENational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation
8、 of EN 10247:2017. It supersedes BS EN 10247:2007 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee ISE/101/7, Methods of physical and metallographic testing.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretar
9、y.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2017 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017ISBN 978 0 580 92190 2ICS 77.040.99Compliance with a British Standard cannot con
10、fer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 September 2017.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN 10247:2017EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE
11、 NORM EN 10247 July 2017 ICS 77.040.99 Supersedes EN 10247:2007English Version Micrographic examination of the non-metallic inclusion content of steels using standard pictures Dtermination micrographique de la teneur en inclusions non-mtalliques des aciers laide dimages-types Metallographische Prfun
12、g des Gehaltes nichtmetallischer Einschlsse in Sthlen mit BildreihenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 18 January 2017. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national stand
13、ard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in an
14、y other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Repu
15、blic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
16、EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 10247:2017 E
17、BS EN 10247:2017EN 10247:2017 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 5 Introduction 6 1 Scope 7 2 Normative references 7 3 Terms and definitions . 7 4 Symbols and abbreviations 10 5 Principles 12 6 Brief practical guide 13 6.1 Basic rules for evaluation 13 6.2 Evaluation according to the default ra
18、ting methods . 14 7 Sampling 14 7.1 General . 14 7.2 Degree of reduction . 15 7.3 Size and location of test area . 15 7.4 Number of specimens . 15 7.5 Preparation of specimens . 16 8 Test method . 16 8.1 Magnification . 16 8.2 Microscope settings for image analysis and manual analysis . 16 8.3 Field
19、 of view . 17 8.4 Definition of the pictures of the chart . 17 8.4.1 Size and Shape . 17 8.4.2 Parameters . 17 8.4.3 Arrangement of the pictures 17 8.5 Procedure 18 8.5.1 General . 18 8.5.2 Several inclusions of mixed sizes in one field 18 8.5.3 Scanning 18 8.5.4 Assessment and evaluation 19 8.5.5 E
20、valuation of different types of inclusions . 19 8.5.6 Recording of results 19 9 Types of assessment 19 9.1 Worst inclusion method: method P . 19 9.1.1 Principle 19 9.1.2 Evaluation of PL(worst length) 20 9.1.3 Evaluation of Pd(worst diameter). 20 9.1.4 Evaluation of Pa(worst area) 20 9.2 Worst field
21、 method: method M 20 9.2.1 Principle 20 9.2.2 Evaluation of Mn(rating according to number) . 20 9.2.3 Evaluation of ML(rating according to length) . 20 BS EN 10247:2017EN 10247:2017 (E) 3 9.2.4 Evaluation of Md(rating according to diameter) 20 9.2.5 Evaluation of Ma(rating according to area) . 21 9.
22、3 Average field method: method K . 21 9.3.1 Principle . 21 9.3.2 Scanning of a specimen for average field assessment . 21 9.3.3 Evaluation 21 9.3.4 Evaluation of Kn, KLfor elongated and Kn, Kdfor globular inclusions. 21 9.3.5 Evaluation of Knand Ka22 10 Test report 22 Annex A (normative) Type of inc
23、lusions . 34 Annex B (normative) Parameters and assessments to be used if not otherwise specified 37 Annex C (informative) Examples for inclusions of different types 38 Annex D (informative) Shape factor . 42 Annex E (informative) Examples for magnification 43 Annex F (informative) Details of the ey
24、epiece graticules . 45 Annex G (normative) Manufacturing specifications of the eyepiece graticule 46 G.1 General . 46 G.2 Narrow field microscopes 46 G.3 Broad field microscopes . 48 Annex H (normative) Calculation basis for the pictures of the chart . 50 Annex I (normative) Rules for classification
25、 . 52 I.1 Definition of classes . 52 I.2 Classification of length 52 I.3 Classification of width . 52 I.4 Classification of diameter 52 Annex J (informative) Comparison of inclusion types in different standards . 53 Annex K (informative) Worst inclusion assessment . 54 Annex L (informative) Worst fi
26、eld assessment . 58 L.1 General . 58 L.2 Evaluation of Mn58 L.3 Evaluation of Mn, MLand Md58 L.4 Evaluation of Mnand Ma58 Annex M (informative) Average field assessment . 62 M.1 General . 62 M.2 Evaluation of Kn, KLand Kd. 62 M.3 Evaluation of Knand Ka. 62 M.4 Restricted assessment 62 BS EN 10247:20
27、17EN 10247:2017 (E) 4 Annex N (normative) Calculation basis for the assessment . 74 N.1 Worst inclusion assessment . 74 N.2 Worst field assessment 74 N.3 Average field 75 Annex O (informative) Edge Errors correction 77 O.1 General . 77 O.2 Measurement . 77 O.3 Large inclusions 77 Annex P (normative)
28、 Calculation of average values of parameters for one class 79 Annex Q (normative) Average values of parameters . 80 Bibliography . 81 BS EN 10247:2017EN 10247:2017 (E) 5 European foreword This document (EN 10247:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee ECISS/TC 101 “Test methods for steel (oth
29、er than chemical analysis)”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2018, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the l
30、atest by January 2018. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 10247:2007. The many changes in the current revisi
31、on result from only a few basic adjustments. The length to width limit ratio for globular inclusions has been changed from 1,3 to 3 (Annex I), and the mathematical principles underlying the chart have been more clearly defined (Annex H). These two changes have led to many numerical changes in Table
32、2 and Figure 11, where moreover some classes have been deleted and others added. The rules of assessment have changed, most notably to allow stringer formation from two particles upward (Subclause 3.1.2, Annex B), to exclude stringer formation between a stringer and a single particle (Subclause 3.1.
33、2), and to consistently define the classification of inclusions by shape, arrangement, and colour (Clause 3, Annexes A and B). Finally, the assessment and recording sheets have been redesigned to simplify manual use (Annexes K, L, and M). According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the nation
34、al standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithu
35、ania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 10247:2017EN 10247:2017 (E) 6 Introduction This document establishes procedures for the assessment of inclusions in steels, based on t
36、heir morphology using standard pictures. These procedures include principles that yield results coherent with consolidated individual inclusion measurements and expressed in physical units. The chart of standard pictures is derived from mathematical principles. In distinction to other inclusion rati
37、ng standards, in this standard the order of the classification begins with the length (row index q). The results may be directly computed from field assessments. The same precision level is achieved by using the same method in manual evaluation and computer controlled measurements. The results are i
38、n physical units: length in m/mm2, number/mm2, areas in m2/mm2. BS EN 10247:2017EN 10247:2017 (E) 7 1 Scope This European Standard defines a method of microscopic non-metallic endogenous inclusion assessment using picture charts. The method does not apply to particles of a length or diameter less th
39、an 3,0 m or a width smaller than 2,0 m. If defined by a product standard or agreement between the involved parties for certain special products, inclusions with a width below 2,0 m can be evaluated by length alone. Inclusions with dimensions exceeding the upper limits in Table 2 are evaluated as bel
40、onging to the maximum class and noted separately with their true dimensions (see 8.5.6). It is assumed, if particles are elongated or if there are stringers of particles, that they are parallel to each other. Other arrangements are not covered by this draft standard. This draft European Standard app
41、lies to samples with a microscopic precipitation approaching random distribution. From the data of measurements obtained by this method, evaluation according to other standards can be established. This draft European Standard does not apply to free cutting steels. NOTE The basic principle of this dr
42、aft European Standard allows the determination of non-metallic inclusion content by image analysis techniques. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the ed
43、ition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories (ISO/IEC 17025) ISO 9042, Steels Manual point counting method for statistic
44、ally estimating the volume fraction of a constituent with a point grid 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 General: 3.1.1 particle single precipitate, in general non-metallic 3.1.2 stringer arrangement of at least 2 particles, nor
45、mally aligned, that meet the proximity conditions e 40 m and t 10 m Note 1 to entry: For formation of stringers particles with L w2; see Figure 4 a). Case b) two stringers for which e 200) as an approximate normal distribution. Everything outside this matrix normal distribution in the direction of g
46、ray level 0 (black) BS EN 10247:2017EN 10247:2017 (E) 17 should be considered as particles. In the case of the distinction between gray and black particles, this area may again be divided. As a general rule, black is defined as the range from 0 - 130 and gray as the range from 131 to about 180. Thes
47、e ranges are not absolute or normative. The segmentation should be checked in the gray scale image. The flicker method is a recognized method for this purpose. Colour image analyses should be handled similarly. 8.3 Field of view At a magnification corresponding to H = 710 m the square frame is given
48、 by an etched glass in the eyepiece graticule, as defined in Figure 9. For broad field microscopes, the etched glass defined in Figure 10 may be used. Additional information is drawn on the etched glass (see Annex F), and information concerning the manufacturing of the graticules is given in Annex G
49、. One scale unit in the eyepiece is 10 m for H = 710 m. The correct value shall be checked by calibration. When analyzing images the field of view can take up the entire image area of the camera when applying the analyzing method K (see 9.3). If this is the case, an appropriate margin correction shall be provided. 8.4 Definition of the pictures of the chart 8.4.1 Size and Shape The shape of the inclusions is assumed to be an ellipse, see Figures 1 and 2. From this ideal shape the actual pictures are drawn to have an appearance as realisti
