1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 12225:2000 The Euro
2、pean Standard EN 12225:2000 has the status of a British Standard ICS 59.080.70 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Geotextiles and geotextile-related products Method for determining the microbiological resistance by a soil burial testThis British Standard, having b
3、een prepared under the direction of the Sector Committee for Building and Civil Engineering, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 November 2000 BSI 11-2000 ISBN 0 580 36549 2 BS EN 12225:2000 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Commen
4、ts National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 12225:2000. It supersedes DD ENV 12225:1997 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/553, Geomembranes and geotextiles, which has the responsibility to:
5、 aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations repres
6、ented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Corresponden
7、ce Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of it
8、self confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 8, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.EUROPEAN
9、 STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 12225 September 2000 ICS 07.100.99; 59.080.70 Supersedes ENV 12225:1996 English version Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Method for determining the microbiological resistance by a soil burial test Gotextiles et produits apparents - Mthode pou
10、r la dtermination de la rsistance microbiologique par un essai denfouissement Geotextilien und geotextilverwandte Produkte - Prfverfahren zur Bestimmung der mikrobiologischen Bestndigkeit durch einen Erdeingrabungsversuch This European Standard was approved by CEN on 15 July 2000. CEN members are bo
11、und to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the
12、Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status
13、 as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDI
14、ZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2000 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12225:2000 EPage 2 EN 12225:2000 BSI 11-2000 Forewor
15、d This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 189, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products, the Secretariat of which is held by IBN. This European Standard supersedes ENV 12225:1996. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by pub
16、lication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2001, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2001. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement t
17、his European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.Page 3 EN 12225:2000 BSI 11-2000 1 Scope This standard specifies a method for the
18、determination of the microbiological resistance of geotextiles and geotextile-related products by a soil burial test. It does not specify for which products or in which applications the soil burial test is required. NOTE 1: For further reference, see CR ISO 13434. NOTE 2: Experience and exhumation o
19、f geotextiles and geotextile-related products which had performed successfully, in some cases for more than two decades, indicate that geotextiles and geotextile-related products made out of synthetic materials are generally resistant against microbially initiated decay. It can therefore be expected
20、 that most of these products commercially available at the present time will pass the soil burial test successfully and it is probably not necessary to submit them all to this test independent of their function. However, if the requirements for appropriate functioning of the geotextiles and geotexti
21、le-related products demand proof of microbiological resistance or if they are manufactured from newly developed polymers whose resistance is in any doubt, the soil burial test should be performed. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions fr
22、om other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendm
23、ent or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments). EN 12226:2000 Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - General tests for evaluation following durability testing. prEN ISO/DIS 11721-1:1995 Textiles - Determination of the r
24、esistance of cellulose containing textiles to micro-organisms - Soil burial test - Part 1: Assessment of rotting retardant finishing (ISO/DIS 11721-1:1995). 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 microbiological resistance r
25、esistance of a geotextile or geotextile-related product to attack by bacteria or fungi NOTE: There are no limit values on evaluation criteria. Anything which exhibits statistically significant degradation in the laboratory under optimal conditions cannot be rot resistant in practice.Page 4 EN 12225:
26、2000 BSI 11-2000 3.2 saturation moisture content (SMC) water content of the soil at 100 % saturation NOTE: prEN ISO/DIS 11721-1:1995 uses the term “water holding capacity” (WHC). 3.3 water content (w) ratio of the mass of the water to the mass of the dry solid substances, expressed in percent % 100
27、soil dried oven of mass soil dried oven of mass used as soil of mass s w m m w where m wis the mass of water; m sis the mass of solids. 4 Principle The test consists of exposing test specimens to microbially active soil under specified conditions. At the end of the exposure, the test specimens are e
28、valuated visually, both before and after cleaning, and tested by measuring physical properties. These test results are compared with those obtained on unexposed specimens in accordance with EN 12226:2000. 5 Reagents and apparatus 5.1 Test soil The test soil shall contain a variety of micro-organisms
29、. To favour the optimum activity of the entire microbial population, the moisture content of the test soil shall be 60 % of SMC when determined according to method A.2 of prEN ISO/DIS 11721-1:1995. Natural soil collected in the field shall be sieved and all particles greater than 4 mm diameter remov
30、ed. The water content is determined by drying 100 g of the soil in a thin layer at 103 C to 105 C until the mass remains constant to within 1 % (normally 24 h). If the water content of the test soil is too high, dry it in thin layers in the laboratory atmosphere. Do not heat since this might affect
31、the microflora. If necessary use a solution of 1 g ammonium nitrate and 0,2 g dipotassium-hydrogen phosphate per 1 l of water to increase the water content. To establish a constant microbial activity of the test soil, the soil shall be acclimatized prior to the soil burial test. The method consists
32、of a preliminary incubation for at least one month at (97 2) % relative humidity and about 28C for a freshly obtained soil. If the same soil material is used more than once, then for each new test set up half of the old material shall be replaced by fresh soil material in the manner described above.
33、Page 5 EN 12225:2000 BSI 11-2000 NOTE: Good experience has been gained with soil type John Innes No. 2, or with Einheitserde ED 73, a soil which contains 66 % of ashable substances and 0,24 % of nitrogen, the pH-value of the 10 % suspension is 5,2 and the SMC = 185 %. 5.2 Cotton fabric Strips, 100 m
34、m long and 25 mm wide, of a bleached and untreated woven cotton fabric, mass per unit area about 250 g/m 2 , shall be used as a reference to test the biological activity of the soil. NOTE: The following cotton fabrics have proved themselves as suitable: - Einfaserprfgewebe Baumwolle S/465 Nr. 600 46
35、5 001 0015 (available from Loeffler Filtertechnik GmbH, Germany); - Control fabric, defined as follows: cotton American type, good middling; warp: 18,5 tex Z 886 2S 748; weft: 30 tex Z 630 2S 748; plain weave 34 ends/cm by 17 picks/cm, with brown and green threads at 0,5 cm and 1,0 cm intervals so t
36、hat strips with identical numbers of threads can be prepared; mass per unit area 230 g/m 2 ; finish: scoured only (available from British Textile Technology Group, Manchester, UK). 5.3 Microbicides An ethanol - water mixture 70:30 shall be used as a cleaning and disinfectant fluid after the soil bur
37、ial test. 5.4 Containers The size and shape of the containers shall be such that the test specimens can be buried in a 100 mm to 150 mm depth of test soil. The dimensions of the containers should facilitate easy handling and placement in the test environment. If the containers are covered, it is nec
38、essary to provide the covers with ventilation openings for the access of oxygen to the test soil. 6 Specimens Prepare 10 specimens according to EN 12226:2000 for each set of conditions. Store the control specimens at (22 2) C and (65 5) % relative humidity. 7 Test climate A dark environment with adm
39、ission of fresh air and air ventilation controlled at (95 5) % relative humidity and (26 1) C shall be used to maintain the moisture content of the test soil at 60 % of SMC. Ensure that neither drying nor addition of water to the test soil during a test time of several weeks influences the performan
40、ce of the microbes, and that ventilation of the test soil is not prevented.Page 6 EN 12225:2000 BSI 11-2000 8 Procedure 8.1 Biological activity of the soil Bury strips of the cotton fabric described in 5.2 and keep them in the test soil for seven days. After this exposure the tensile strength of the
41、 cotton strips shall be 25 % of the original tensile strength. If this criterion is not met, the soil shall be replaced by a biologically more active soil. The biological activity of the test soil shall be checked during the soil burial test according to 8.2 by adding a cotton strip to the test. On
42、completion of the exposure, this strip shall have been destroyed. NOTE: The biological activity of the soil can be increased by adding well rotted garden compost to the test soil. 8.2 Testing of specimens 8.2.1 Active test For the active test, set up at least two containers for each incubation time.
43、 The duration of the test shall be 16 weeks. Place a minimum of two test specimens and one cotton strip in each of the soil containers. Bury the specimens approximately 100 mm deep and ensure good contact between them and the test soil. The container shall permit free oxygen exchange, and shall ther
44、efore not be closed. 8.2.2 Incubation Place the test containers prepared according to 8.2.1 in an incubator for 16 weeks at the climatic conditions specified under clause 7. NOTE: For index tests, the test duration is 16 weeks. During the development of new geotextiles and geotextile-related product
45、s a prolonged test of 32 weeks may be used. Control the moisture content to 60 % SMC by verifying the mass of the soil in the vessels every four weeks. If necessary, ammonium nitrate-dipotassium hydrogen phosphate solution shall be added. 8.2.3 Cleaning of test specimens Recover the test specimens f
46、rom the soil, strip off the soil, and submerge all specimens, including the control specimens, in an ethanol-water solution (70:30) for 300 s. Then clean the specimens under running water, wipe with absorbent paper and dry for at least 72 h at (20 2)C and (65 5) % RH. 8.2.4 Evaluation tests Determin
47、e the tensile strength of test and control specimens in accordance with EN 12226:2000.Page 7 EN 12225:2000 BSI 11-2000 9 Test report The test report shall include the following particulars: a) reference to this European Standard; b) identification of the sample; c) number of tested specimens; d) tes
48、t set up and execution: type of soil, type of containers, type of cotton fabric; e) preparation of test soil, percentage of fresh test soil; f) test conditions: water content and biological activity of test soil, temperature and relative humidity; g) duration of test: date of start and end of soil b
49、urial; h) results of visual examination and microscopic inspection, including magnification factor; i) any other significant observations; j) changes in properties of the exposed samples as defined in EN 12226:2000; k) deviations from this European Standard.Page 8 EN 12225:2000 BSI 11-2000 Annex A (informative) Bibliography CR ISO 13434, Guidelines on durability of geotextiles and geotextile-related products.blankBS EN 12225:2000 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
