1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 12280-1:1998 The Eu
2、ropean Standard EN 12280-1 : 1997 has the status of a British Standard ICS 59.080.40 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Rubber- or plastics-coated fabrics Accelerated ageing tests Part 1. Heat ageingThis British Standard, having been prepared under the direction o
3、f the Sector Board for Materials and Chemicals, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 April 1998 BSI 1998 ISBN 0 580 29247 9 BS EN 12280-1:1998 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Text affected National foreword This British Standard is th
4、e English language version of EN 12280-1:1997. It supersedes methods 14A (loss of volatile matter on heating plasticized PVC coated fabrics) and 14B (oven method) of BS 3424-12:1996, which will be withdrawn by amendment. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee TC
5、I/78, Coated fabrics, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and pro
6、mulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the
7、section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct applicat
8、ion. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 6, an inside back cover and a back cover.CEN European Committee for Standardization Comite E
9、urope en de Normalisation Europa isches Komitee fu r Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1997 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12280-1 : 1997 E EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 12280-1 NORME EUROPE E
10、NNE EUROPA ISCHE NORM November 1997 ICS 59.080.40 Descriptors: Textiles, coated fabrics, fabrics coated with rubber, fabrics coated with plastic, artificial ageing tests, thermal tests, high temperature tests, weight losses, volatile matter, activated charcoal English version Rubber- or plastics- co
11、ated fabrics Accelerated ageing tests Part 1: Heat ageing Supports textiles reve tus de caoutchouc ou de plastique Essais de vieillissement acce le re Partie 1: Vieillissement a la chaleur Mit Kautschuk oder Kunststoff beschichtete Textilien Beschleunigte Alterungspru fungen Teil 1: Alterung in der
12、Wa rme This European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 October 1997. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographi
13、cal references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN
14、member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, P
15、ortugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.Page 2 EN 12280-1:1997 BSI 1998 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 248, Textiles and textile products, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a na
16、tional standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 1998, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 1998. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countrie
17、s are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. This European Standard consists of the following parts:
18、 Part 1: Heat ageing Part 2: Photochemical ageing Part 3: Ageing in a reactive environment Consideration is being given to preparing further parts, to cover such processes as biochemical ageing. NOTE Persons using this standard should be familiar with normal laboratory practice. This standard does n
19、ot purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to ensure compliance with any national regulatory conditions.Page 3 EN 12280-1:1997 BSI 1998 Introduction Ageing refers to
20、all “slow and irreversible” changes in the properties of a material resulting from its own instability, or from the effects of the environment. This alteration may affect the chemical structure of the polymers or additives, the composition of the material, or its physical condition. NOTE Combustion
21、is not considered to be an ageing process, as the deterioration happens very rapidly. Accelerated ageing methods are used as it is practically impossible to obtain experimental results under normal conditions of utilization. These methods involve simulations which reproduce the normal conditions of
22、utilization as closely as possible, but where the parameters are set so that ageing occurs more rapidly. This standard deals solely with accelerated ageing methods. 1 Scope This standard specifies three test procedures to assess the effect of heat ageing on the relevant physical properties of coated
23、 fabrics. 2 Normative references This European standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to
24、 or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN ISO 2231, Rubber- or plastics-coated fabrics Standard atmospheres for conditioning an
25、d testing EN 22286, Rubber- or plastics-coated fabrics Determination of roll characteristics ISO 565, Test sieves Metal wire cloth, perforated metal plates and electroformed sheet Nominal sizes of openings 3 Method 1: oven method 3.1 Principle This method consists of subjecting test specimens to hot
26、 air at a temperature of 70 C and at atmospheric pressure, after which the condition of the coated fabric is assessed. This ageing test is applicable to all coated fabrics, particularly rubber-coated fabrics; although attention is drawn to the comments below on coating thickness. In this test the ox
27、ygen concentration is comparatively low and, if oxidation is fast, oxygen may not diffuse into the coating quickly enough to maintain uniform oxidation. The test is therefore liable to give misleading results with poor-ageing coatings unless the coatings are very thin. If desired, selected samples m
28、ay be aged for periods considerably in excess of those specified, in order to ensure that decomposition will occur. Such samples are then used to illustrate the effects of ageing. 3.2 Apparatus 3.2.1 Air oven, equipped with a ventilator capable of providing air five times to 15 times the internal vo
29、lume of the oven per hour. The incoming air shall be at the temperature specified before coming into contact with the test specimens. No copper or copper alloy shall be within the ageing chamber of the oven. The capacity of the air oven shall be of such a size that the total volume of the test speci
30、mens does not exceed 10 % of the free air space of the oven. Means shall be provided for suspending the test specimens vertically within the oven such that they are not within 10 mm of each other nor within 50 mm of the inner surfaces of the oven. Means shall be provided for maintaining the temperat
31、ure of the oven at (70 1) C or at a temperature otherwise specified. Any electric elements used for heating the incoming air shall be shielded to avoid direct radiation onto the test specimens. 3.2.2 Thermometer, or other temperature indicating device, to record the ageing temperature. 3.3 Test spec
32、imens Test specimens shall be cut from an area with no functional or visible flaw and shall be located within the full length of the coated fabric and its usable width as defined in EN 22286. The dimensions of the test specimens shall be chosen so that they are suitable for the tests to be subsequen
33、tly carried out after ageing (see 3.4). The number of test specimens selected shall be as required by the particular physical tests selected to be carried out after ageing (see 3.4.2). NOTE It is recommended that in any event not less than five test specimens be chosen for post-ageing comparisons. 3
34、.4 Procedure 3.4.1 Oven treatment Pre-heat the oven to the operating temperature. Place the test specimens in the oven so that they are free from stress, freely exposed to air on all sides and not exposed to light. Ensure that the pressure inside the oven does not exceed atmospheric pressure. Avoid
35、simultaneous ageing of different types of compounds in order that migration of sulfur or antioxidant does not occur. After (168 2) h (i.e. 7 days) or (336 2) h (i.e. 14 days), or multiples thereof, remove the test specimens from the oven and condition them in the appropriate atmosphere from EN ISO 2
36、231. NOTE Shorter times of exposure may be used by mutual agreement between the parties.Page 4 EN 12280-1:1997 BSI 1998 3.4.2 Assessment Compare the properties of the aged material with those of the unaged material using appropriate test methods, e.g. those relevant to the material specification or
37、to the characteristic under investigation. 3.5 Calculation and expression of results Using the method(s) identified in 3.4.2, calculate the actual value of test results after ageing and/or the percentage change when compared with unaged material. 3.6 Test report The test report shall include the fol
38、lowing: a) the date of test; b) reference to method 1 of EN 12280-1; c) description of the coated fabric; d) the conditioning and testing atmosphere used; e) the results of the assessment conducted in accordance with 3.4.2; f) the period of exposure; g) details of any deviations from the standard te
39、st procedure. 4 Method 2: Volatile loss method 4.1 Principle This method consists of exposing test specimens to hot air at atmospheric pressure. By pre-drying the samples, the humidity content is eliminated. After that the content of volatile substances is determined at a temperature preferably abou
40、t 105C. Higher temperatures may also be used. By weighing the samples before and after heat storage the content of volatile components is determined. The test is applicable to all coated fabrics, preferably with plastics. 4.2 Apparatus 4.2.1 Air oven, in which there is slow circulation of air. The i
41、ncoming air shall be at the temperature specified before coming into contact with the test specimens. No copper or copper alloy shall be within the ageing chamber of the oven. The capacity of the air oven shall be of such a size that the total volume of the test specimens do not exceed 10 % of the f
42、ree air space of the oven. Means shall be provided for suspending the test specimens vertically within the oven such that they are not within 10 mm of each other nor within 50 mm or the inner surfaces of the oven. Means shall be provided for maintaining the required temperature. Any electric element
43、s used for heating the incoming air shall be shielded to avoid direct radiation onto the test specimens. 4.2.2 Thermometer, or other temperature indicating device, for recording the ageing temperature. 4.2.3 Balance, with an accuracy of 1 mg. 4.3 Test specimens Test specimens shall be cut from an ar
44、ea with no functional or visible flaw and shall be located within the full length of the coated fabric and its usable width as defined in EN 22286. The dimensions of the test specimens shall be square or circular with an area of (100 1) cm 2 . The number of test specimens shall be not less than thre
45、e. 4.4 Procedure 4.4.1 Pre-drying of test specimens The test specimens shall be stored for (120 15) min in a vertical hanging position at (105 2)8C between absorbent filter paper. The mass, m 0 , shall be measured and noted 10 min to 15 min after storage. 4.4.2 Determination of volatile components T
46、he test specimens measured in 4.4.1 shall be stored for (16 1) h in a vertical hanging position at (105 2)8C between absorbent filter paper. The mass, m 1 , shall be measured 10 min to 15 min. after removal from the oven. In order to avoid interactions store only identical test specimens in the same
47、 oven. NOTE Other temperatures and time periods may be used by mutual agreement of the parties. 4.5 Calculation and expression of results Calculate for each test specimen the loss of volatile components: L = 3 100 m 0 2 m 1 m 0 where L is the loss of volatile components, in % m 0 is the total mass o
48、f the test piece after pre-drying; m 1 is the total mass of the test piece after heat storage. Calculate the arithmetic mean. 4.6 Test report The test report shall include the following: a) the date of test; b) reference to method 2 of EN 12280-1; c) description of the coated fabric; d) the results
49、of the assessment conducted in accordance with 4.5; e) time and temperature of exposure; f) details of any deviations from the standard test procedure.Page 5 EN 12280-1:1997 BSI 1998 NOTE All dimensions are nominal, except for internal diameter ( 0,5 mm). All dimensions are in millimetres. Figure 1 Assembly: sectional view through assembly centre line 5 Method 3: activated carbon method 5.1 General This method is intended to determine the loss of mass, due to the elimination of extractable materials, undergo
