1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 12283:2002 Printing and business paper Determination of toner adhesion The European Standard EN 12283:2002 has the status of a British Standard ICS 85.080 BS EN 12283:2002 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Materials and Chemicals Sector Pol
2、icy and Strategy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 4 December 2002 BSI 4 December 2002 ISBN 0 580 40892 2 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 12283:2002. It supersedes DD ENV 12283:1997 wh
3、ich is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PAI/11, Test methods for paper, board and pulps, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The Bri
4、tish Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards On
5、line. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the respons
6、ible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover
7、, the EN title page, pages 2 to 7 and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEUROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM EN12283 October2002 ICS85.080 SupersedesENV12283
8、:1996 Englishversion PrintingandbusinesspaperDeterminationoftoneradhesion PapierdimpressionetdebureauDterminationde ladhsiondutoner DruckundBropapierBestimmugderTonerhaftung ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon17August2002. CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipul
9、atetheconditionsforgivingthisEurope an Standardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Uptodatelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcernings uchnational standardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheManagementCentreortoanyCENmember. ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,
10、German).Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytra nslation undertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheManagementCentrehasthesamestatusasthe official versions. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland,France,Germany,Greece, Iceland,Irel
11、and,Italy,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2002CEN Allrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved wo
12、rldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.EN12283:2002EEN12283:2002(E) 2 Contents page Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 4 2 Normativereferences 4 3 Termsanddefinitions. .4 4 Principle5 5 Sampling.5 6 Apparatusandmaterials. 5 6.1 Imagingmachine. .5 6.2 Toner .5 6.3 Imagetobeprinted. .5 6.4 IGTtester 5 6.
13、5 Pickingoil . 5 6.6 Opticaldensitometer .5 6.7 Internalreferencesample . 5 7 Procedure .6 7.1 Preparationoftestpieces .6 7.2 Pickingtest .6 7.3 Determinationofopticaldensity 6 8 Calculation7 9 Precision.7 9.1 Internalreferencepaper 7 9.2 Repeatability.7 10 Testreport 7EN12283:2002(E) 3 Foreword Thi
14、sdocument(EN12283:2002)hasbeenpreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC172“Pulp,paperand board“,thesecretariatofwhichisheldbyDIN. ThisEuropeanStandardshallbegiventhestatusofanationalstandard,eitherbypublicationofanidenticaltextor byendorsement,atthelatestbyApril2003,andconflictingnationalstandardsshallbewi
15、thdrawnatthelatestby April2003. ThisdocumentsupersedesENV 12283:1996. WithregardtoENV12283:1996thefollowingchangeshavebeenmade: a) thescopeisdescribedmoreprecise; b) “internalreferencepaper“isdefinedanddefinitionisaddedinclause3; c) morepreciseexplanationsonthe“procedure“aregiveninclause6; d) deleti
16、onofthecalculationoftheopticaldensityinclause8; e) transformationfromaEuropeanPrestandard(ENV)inaEuropeanStandard(EN)isintended; f) editorialupdating. AccordingtotheCEN/CENELECInternalRegulations,thenationalstandardsorganizationsofthefollowing countriesareboundtoimplementthisEuropeanStandard:Austria
17、,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland, France,Germany,Greece,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Spain, Sweden,SwitzerlandandtheUnitedKingdom.EN12283:2002(E) 4 Introduction Toneradhesionisanimportantprintqualityfactorthatdependsonpaperpropertiesaswellasprintingmachine
18、 characteristics.Aquickqualitativeimpressioncanbeobtainedbyfoldingafullytonedimageareaandinspectingfora lossoftoner.Anotherqualitativetestmethodistopressadhesivetapeontosuchanimage,slowlyseparatethe adhesivetapefromtheprintandexaminethedetachedtoner.However,theIGTmethoddescribedinthisEuropean Standa
19、rdyieldsquantitativeandreproducibleresults. 1Scope ThisEuropeanStandardspecifiesthedeterminationoftheadhesionofdrytoneronpapersheet,printedwithimaging machinessuchascopiermachinesandprinters.Thechosenmeasuringrangeallowsdiscriminationoftoneradhesion aroundthelevelfoundwithmanycommonpaperandmachineco
20、mbinations. Sincediversimagingprocessesgivedifferenttoneradhesion,thedescribedmethodatconstantIGTspeedisnot advisedtocomparedegreeoftoneradhesionbetweendifferenttypesofmachines. 2 Normativereferences ThisEuropeanStandardincorporatesbydatedorundatedreference,provisionsfromotherpublications.These norm
21、ativereferencesarecitedattheappropriateplacesinthetext,andthepublicationsarelistedhereafter.For datedreferences,subsequentamendmentstoorrevisionsofanyofthesepublicationsapplytothisEuropean Standardonlywhenincorporatedinitbyamendmentorrevision.Forundatedreferencesthelatesteditionofthe publicationrefe
22、rredtoapplies(includingamendments). EN20187,Paper,boardandpulps Standardatmosphereforconditioningandtestingandprocedurefor monitoringtheatmosphereandconditioningofsamples(ISO187:1990). ENISO186, PaperandboardSamplingtodetermineaveragequality(ISO186:2002) ENISO216, Writingpaperandcertainclassesofprin
23、tedmatterTrimmedsizesAandBseries(ISO216:1975) ISO3783, PaperandboardDeterminationofresistanceofpickingAcceleratingspeedmethodusingtheIGT tester(Electricmodel). 3 Termsanddefinitions ForthepurposesofthisEuropeanStandard,thefollowingtermsanddefinitionsapply. 3.1 drytonerimagingprocess imagingmethodusi
24、ngdrytoner,thatisgenerallyfixedonpaperbyheatand/orpressure 3.2 drytoner inkpowderusedforimaginginprintersandcopiermachines 3.3 toneradhesion propertythatmeasuresthebondingstrengthofatonerimagetopaper NOTE Toneradhesionisdimensionless.EN12283:2002(E) 5 3.4 internalreferencepaper paperthatissufficient
25、lyhomogenousandstabletobeusedforinternalcalibrationoflaboratoryequipment 4Principle Creationofsolidblackareasonpaperwithacopiermachineusingdrytoner.Subjectingtheprintedblackareasto pickingtestintheIGTtesterataconstantspeed.Theratiobetweentheopticaldensitiesoftheblackareabeforeand afterpickingtestisa
26、nindicationofthetoneradhesionofprintedpaper. 5Sampling SamplesshallbetakeninaccordancewithENISO186,unlessotherwiseagreed. 6 Apparatusandmaterials 6.1Imaging machine Anycommercialmachineusingdrytonerimagingprocessandingoodworkingorderasspecifiedbythe manufacturer. 6.2Toner Thetonerrecommendedbytheman
27、ufacturerofthemachineshouldbeused. 6.3 Imagetobeprinted InaccordancewithENISO216anA4formatoriginalcarryingtwoheavysolidblackstripesshouldbeused,30mm wideandparalleltothelongersideofthesheet.Forprinters,usetheequivalentmaximumdensitydigitalimage. NOTE Theword“black“canbesubstitutedifanothercolourofto
28、nerisused. 6.4 IGTtester AnIGTtesterasdescribedinISO3783equippedwith20mmwideprintingdiscsisrequired. 6.5Picking oil MediumviscositypicktestoilasdefinedinISO3783shouldbeused. 6.6 Opticaldensitometer Anyopticaldensitometercanbeused. 6.7 Internalreferencesample Asthecopiermachineisanimportantpartofthet
29、estingitisnecessaryalwaystorunaninternalreferencepaper togetherwiththesamplestomakesurethatthemachineisingoodworkingcondition.EN12283:2002(E) 6 7Procedure 7.1 Preparationoftestpieces Select12consecutiveA4testsheetsfromthepapertobetested,directlyafteropeningthepackage,justbefore theprinting.Markeachs
30、heetandsideforidentification. Arrangethesheetstobetestedinastacksothattheywillbefedthroughtheimagingmachineinthefollowingorder: 12 sheetsofanypapertobediscarded, 6 sheetsofthereferencesample, side1up; 6 sheetsofsample1, side1up; 6 sheetsofsample1, side2up; 6 sheetsofsample2, side1up; 6 sheetsofsampl
31、e2, side2up; 6 sheetsofsample n, side1up; 6 sheetsofsample n, side2up; 6 sheetsofthereferencesample, side1up. Themaximumnumberofsheetsthatshallbetestedinonestackislimitedbytherequirementthatthewholestack shallpassthroughtheimagingmachinein2minorless. Runanumberofwastesheetswithoutprintingimagefor2mi
32、ntoachieveconstantconditions. Discardthesesheets. Runthestackimmediatelyusingtheimagetobeprinted(see6.3).Ifmorethanonestackistobetested,runwaste sheetswithoutprintingimageagainfor2minimmediatelybeforerunningthenextstack. Fromeachprintedtestsheetcuttwotestpieces35mmwidetoincludethewholeareaoftheprint
33、edblackstripes. Markthetestpiecesforidentification. Conditionthetestpiecesforatleast8hat23Cand50%relativehumidityinaccordancewithEN20187. 7.2Picking test Testthetestpieces,usingtheIGTtester(see6.4)andmediumviscositypicktestoil(see6.5)withthefollowing settings: printingforce800N; constantspeedof0,4m/
34、s. LeavetheIGTtreatedtestpiecesuntilthepickingoilisdry. 7.3 Determinationofopticaldensity Examinethetestpiecesvisuallyandrecordanyfeaturesofinterestinthetestreport.EN12283:2002(E) 7 Withanopticaldensitometer(see6.6),takefivereadingsalongthecentrelineoftheIGTtreatedarea,makingsure thatnomeasurementis
35、takenlessthan50mmfromeitherendofthestrip.Thenmeasuretheopticaldensityofthe blackareanexttotheIGTtreatedareainthesameway,toachievethedensityoftheuntreatedsolidblack.Each measurementshouldbemadewiththetestpieceplacedoveranopaquepadofthesameorsimilarunprinted paper. 8Calculation Calculatethemeandensity
36、foreachtestpiece. Foreachtestsheet,calculatethetoneradhesion Taccordingtotheformula(1): black solid IGT D D T = (1) where: D IGT isthemeanopticaldensityoftheblackstriptreatedintheIGTtester; D solidblack isthemeanopticaldensityoftheuntreatedblackstripofthesametestpiece. Examinetheresultssoobtainedand
37、calculatethemeanandstandarddeviationforeachsample.Ifbothsidesof thepaperhavebeentested,calculatetheresultsseparately. NOTE Forpaperswithverygoodtoneradhesionthevalueof Tcanexceedone(1).Thisisduetothefactthatthepicking oilcanincreasetheopticaldensityofthebackareaifnopickingoftoneroccurs. 9Precision 9
38、.1 Internalreferencepaper Themeanvalueandrangeofthetoneradhesionoftheinternalreferencepaperhastobeestablishedforeach copiermachineused.Thedegreeoftoneradhesionoftheinternalreferencepaperforfollowingtestsshallmatch theearlierestablishedrange,otherwisethemachinehastobechecked. 9.2Repeatability Sevente
39、stpiecesofdifferentoriginweretestedfivetimeseachusingtwodifferentcopyingmachines.The coefficientofvariationrangedfrom5%to15%. 10 Testreport ThetestreportshallrefertothisEuropeanStandardandstate: a) identificationofthepapertested; b) dateandplaceoftesting; c) modelandotherinformationtoidentifythecopi
40、ermachineused; d) typeofopticaldensitometerused; e) themeantoneradhesionanditsstandarddeviation.Ifbothsidesofthepaperhavebeentested,reportthe resultsseparately; anydeparturefromthisEuropeanStandardandothercircumstancesthatmayhaveaffectedthetestresults.BS EN 12283:2002 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road Lond
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