1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58examinationThe European Standard EN 12407:2007 has the status of a British StandardICS 73.020; 91.1
2、00.15Natural stone test methods Petrographic BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 12407:2007BS EN 12407:2007This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 May 2007 BSI 2007ISBN 978 0 580 50839 4Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Commentsco
3、ntract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. National forewordThis British Standard was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of EN 12407:2007. It supersedes BS EN 12407:2000 which is withdrawn.The
4、 UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/545, Natural stone.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROP
5、ENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 12407March 2007ICS 73.020; 91.100.15 Supersedes EN 12407:2000 English VersionNatural stone test methods - Petrographic examinationMthodes dessai de pierres naturelles - ExamenptrographiquePrfverfahren fr Naturstein - Petrographische PrfungThis European Standard was approved by
6、CEN on 21 January 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards
7、 may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the
8、CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherland
9、s, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any f
10、orm and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 12407:2007: EEN 12407:2007 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Principle5 4 Apparatus .5 5 Preparation of thin and polished sections6 5.1 General6 5.2 Preparation of thick sampl
11、es6 5.3 Preparation of thin samples .6 5.4 Staining.7 5.4.1 Feldspar staining .7 5.4.2 Carbonate staining 7 6 Macroscopic description 7 6.1 General7 7 Microscopic description .8 8 Petrographic definition .9 9 Test report 10 Annex A (informative) Template for the petrographic description of rocks .11
12、 Bibliography 18 EN 12407:2007 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 12407:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 246 “Natural stones”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical te
13、xt or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2007. This document supersedes EN 12407:2000. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are
14、 bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Swede
15、n, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 12407:2007 (E) 4 Introduction A petrographic description of natural stone is important not only for the purposes of petrographic classification but also in order to highlight features influencing its chemical, physical and mechanical behaviour. In the same way t
16、he determination of the stones origin could be necessary (e.g. in the case of restoration of historical monuments). It is therefore essential to characterize the natural stones not only from the point of view of their mineral components and of their fabric and structure but also in terms of any feat
17、ures as: colour, presence of veins, of fossils, of discontinuities, etc. To ensure that the petrographic classification is objective, it is essential that the characterization of the material be, as far as possible, quantitative. EN 12407:2007 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies methods f
18、or making technical petrographic descriptions of natural stone, except for roofing slates. For this product, the method for the petrographic examination is defined in EN 12326 2. Although chemical and physical methods of analysis are required for petrographic classification of some stone types, thes
19、e methods will not be described in this standard. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including a
20、ny amendments) applies. EN 12670, Natural stone Terminology EN 12440, Natural stone Denomination criteria 3 Principle First a macroscopic description of the sample is undertaken. The macroscopic description may involve a visual inspection aided by a hand lens or a stereoscopic microscope. Then one o
21、r more thin sections prepared from the sample are examined using a petrographic microscope in order to give a microscopic description of the sample; where appropriate an additional polished section shall be prepared. 4 Apparatus 4.1 Hand lens or stereoscopic microscope (if required) 4.2 Rock cutter
22、with sliding guide, water cooled and with a vertical diamond disk 3 mm thick 4.3 Electrical heating plate 4.4 Glass plate 300 mm x 400 mm x 10 mm 4.5 Bristle brush 4.6 Multiple rectifier for thin slides for 16 slides, water cooled and semiautomatic stop. Thin sections can also be prepared by hand by
23、 a thin slides preparation expert 4.7 Electric solder 4.8 Multi Form mold 40 mm and plastic cup 4.9 Grinding and polishing machine 4.10 Petrographic microscope 4.11 Point counter or image analysis (if required) EN 12407:2007 (E) 6 4.12 A Rock Colour Chart or another colour reference chart (if requir
24、ed) 4.13 Reactives and products: Canada Balsam, Thermoplastic cement, Epoxi resin, Epoxi hardener, Carborundum (F220, F400, F600, F800), Supporting glass (28 mm x48 mm x1,8 mm), cover glass (24 mm x32 mm), diamond disks, xileno these are feldspar staining methods and carbonate staining methods which
25、 are described below. Any other staining method different from those mentioned shall be clearly stated in the working order. 5.2 Staining 5.2.1 Feldspar staining In order to carry out the feldspar staining, the thin section shall be subjected to HF acid vapour under the extracting hood and during on
26、e minute, using a plastic recipient of the same size of the cover glass. Then three drops of a solution of sodium cobaltonitrite are dropped over the section and left to act during 4 to 5 min. Then the section is washed with water: the K-feldspar is stained with yellow tones whereas the other feldsp
27、ars and quartz show no change. 5.2.2 Carbonate staining If samples are suspected of containing carbonates, their selective staining can be carried out. Samples are attacked with a HCl solution 1:20 and then immersed in a alizarine solution during 3 min. Then samples are washed with water and are lef
28、t to dry in open air. Calcite will then stain with a dark red colour, dolomite will maintain its original colour and other carbonates will be stained between rose and violet colour depending on the case. It is possible to discriminate other carbonates than calcite using other chemical attacks, but t
29、his in not frequent. 6 Macroscopic description 6.1 General Macroscopic description shall be carried out both on fresh cut samples and on polished samples. The following items shall be included in the macroscopic description. 6.2 The general colour or range of colours of the hand specimen. The colour
30、 can be estimated by visual impression or defined using a colour reference chart (Rock Colour Chart is recommended). 6.3 Fabric 6.4 Grain size (e.g. coarse, medium or fine) 6.5 Open and refilled macroscopic cracks, pores and cavities (when relevant) 6.6 Evidence of weathering and alteration: stainin
31、g by sulphide alteration, diffusion of iron hydroxides, alteration of feldspars etc. (when relevant) 6.7 Presence of macrofossils (when relevant) 6.8 Presence of xenolithic and mafic intrusions (when relevant) EN 12407:2007 (E) 8 7 Microscopic description The following items shall be included in the
32、 microscopic description: 7.1 Fabric 7.2 Constituents 7.2.1 Minerals/Grains NOTE For the determination of the opaque minerals polished sections should be used. For each mineral or grain identified, the characteristics listed below shall be specified (when relevant). 7.2.1.1 Percentage by volume, spe
33、cifying the method used (e.g. estimate, point counter). 7.2.1.2 Dimensions: mean value and range of variation (if necessary for the groundmass and also for the larger crystals or grains). The range of sizes to be used will be: Very coarse ( 10 mm), Coarse (4 mm -10 mm), Medium (1 mm - 4 mm), Fine (
34、1 mm). Degree of sorting (in clastic rocks): very well sorted, well sorted, moderately sorted, poorly sorted, very poorly sorted. 7.2.1.3 Habit (e.g. idiomorphic, anhedral). 7.2.1.4 Shape (e.g. isometric, anisometric, flattened, elongated). Detrital grains in sedimentary rocks shall be described in
35、terms of sphericity and roundness. 7.2.1.5 Boundaries (e.g. straight, lobate, dentate). 7.2.1.6 Distribution (e.g. homogeneous, heterogeneous, in layers, in patches). 7.2.1.7 Orientation (e.g. isotropic, shape preferred orientation, dimensional preferred orientation, isorientation of lamellar or tab
36、ular grains, isorientation of elongated, prismatic grains). 7.2.1.8 Evidence of weathering and alteration: staining by sulphide alteration, diffusion of iron hydroxides, chloritization of biotite; sericization of feldspars, radioactive decay of minerals such as zircon or allanite etc. 7.2.2 Groundma
37、ss: 7.2.2.1 In volcanic rocks mesostasis which can be glassy, ipocrystalline, microcrystalline, devitrified 7.2.2.2 In sedimentary rocks have to be distinguished matrix (microcrystalline pelitic, carbonatic or silicic mud which includes grains when present, or fills the interstices) and cement (amor
38、phous to crystalline materials partially or completely filling cavities) 7.2.3 Organogenic remains: e.g. organic or replaced (pyrite, apatite etc.) organogenic remains 7.3 Discontinuities 7.3.1 Pores, microcavities (size, shape, relative abundance and filling material if present) 7.3.2 Cracks and op
39、en fractures 7.3.2.1 Width (most frequent value, minimum and maximum) 7.3.2.2 Length (most frequent value, minimum and maximum) 7.3.2.3 Type (intergranular, intragranular, transgranular) EN 12407:2007 (E) 9 7.3.2.4 Orientation 7.3.2.5 Distribution 7.3.3 Filled fractures and veins 7.3.3.1 Width (most
40、 frequent value, minimum and maximum) 7.3.3.2 Length (most frequent value, minimum and maximum) 7.3.3.3 Type (intergranular, intragranular, transgranular) 7.3.3.4 Orientation 7.3.3.5 Distribution 7.3.3.6 Filling (extent, nature, structure) 7.3.3.7 Nature (e.g. stylolites, late veins) 7.4 Alterations
41、. 7.4.1 Description of the minerals with alterations 7.4.2 Alteration grade of the rock Templates for the petrographic description of the various types of rocks are given in Annex A (informative). 8 Petrographic definition On the basis of the data generated from the macroscopic and microscopic exami
42、nation relating to grainsize, fabric and mineralogical composition a petrographic definition shall be assigned to the stone sample, using EN 12670 and fixing at least the rock family. If the petrographic description provides insufficient data to assign a petrographic definition, further testing may
43、be necessary, namely chemical or X-ray diffraction determinations. EN 12407:2007 (E) 10 9 Test report The test report shall contain the following information: a) unique identification number for the report; b) number, title and date of issue of this European Standard; c) name and address of the test
44、 laboratory and the address of where the examination was carried out if different from the test laboratory; d) name and address of the client; e) it is the responsibility of the client to supply the following information: 1) commercial name of the stone, in accordance with EN 12440; 2) country and r
45、egion of extraction; 3) name of the supplier; 4) direction of any existing plane of anisotropy (if relevant to the test) to be clearly indicated on the sample by means of two parallel lines; 5) name of the person or organization which carried out the sampling; f) date of delivery of the sample; g) d
46、ate of preparation of the thin sections and the date of the examination; h) number and dimensions of the thin sections; i) macroscopic and microscopic description of the stone; j) photography of the thin section under the following light conditions: crossed polarizers and plain light; k) petrographi
47、c definition of the stone, in accordance with EN 12670; l) any deviation from this standard and the reasons for any such deviation; m) remarks. The test report shall contain the signature(s) and role(s) of the competent(s) geologist(s) responsible(s) for the testing and the date of issue of the repo
48、rt. It shall also state that the report shall not be partially reproduced without the written consent of the laboratory. EN 12407:2007 (E) 11 Annex A (informative) Template for the petrographic description of rocks The user of this form is allowed to copy this present form. TEMPLATE FOR PIROCLASTIC
49、ROCKS SAMPLE N LOCATION SOURCE COMMERCIAL NAME IDENTIFICATION HAND SAMPLE DESCRIPTION POLISHED PLATE DESCRIPTION MICROSCOPIC DESCRIPTION Texture: Composition Main components and vitroclasts Accessory components: Lithoclasts of piroclastic and related volcanic rocks Accidental components: Cristaloblasts and lithoclasts Porosity: Degree: Alterations: Remarks: EN 12407:2007 (E) 12 CLASSIFICATION: COMPLEMENTARY DATA PlutonicP QAPF Chemical analysis Main componentsM HipoabisalH Modal analysis CIPW norm Minor/tracesT Volca
