1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 12527:1999 The Euro
2、pean Standard EN 12527:1998 has the status of a British Standard ICS 21.180; 53.060; NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Castors and wheels Test methods and apparatusBS EN 12527:1999 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering
3、 Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 March 1999 BSI 03-1999 ISBN 0 580 30651 8 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Text affected National foreword This British Standard is the English language version of EN 12527:19
4、98 The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MHE/7, Industrial trucks Safety, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep
5、 the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publi
6、cations referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary prov
7、isions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 1
8、5 and a back cover.CEN European Committee for Standardization Comite Europe en de Normalisation Europa isches Komitee fu r Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1998 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members Ref
9、. No. EN 12527:1998 E EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 12527 NORME EUROPE ENNE EUROPA ISCHE NORM September 1998 ICS 01.075; 21.180; 53.060 Descriptors: general product, furniture, handling equipment, wheels, castors, characteristics, equipment specification, dimensions, classification, tests, conformity tests,
10、marking English version Castors and wheels Test methods and apparatus Roues et roulettes Me thodes et appareillages dessai Ra der und Rollen Pru fverfahren und -gera te This European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 August 1998. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulat
11、ions which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This Euro
12、pean Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the nati
13、onal standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.Page 2 EN 12527:1998 BSI 03-1999 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared b
14、y Technical Committee CEN/TC 324, Castors and wheels, the Secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 1999, and conflicting national standards shall
15、be withdrawn at the latest by March 1999. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, I
16、taly, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Contents Page Foreword 2 1 Scope 3 2 Normative references 3 3 Definitions and symbols 3 4 Test methods 5 4.1 General requirements 5 4.2 Wheel play test 5 4.3 Swivel play test 5 4.4 Electrical resistan
17、ce test 6 4.5 Fatigue test for braking and/or locking device 6 4.6 Efficiency check of wheel braking and/or locking device 6 4.7 Efficiency check of swivel braking and/or locking device 8 4.8 Dynamic test 8 4.9 Static test 10 4.10 Contact pressure test 11 4.11 Chair castor brake performance test 11
18、4.12 Impact test 12 4.13 Dynamic test for castors for furniture and swivel chairs only 12 4.14 Long distance running test 15 4.15 Rolling resistance test 15 4.16 Swivel resistance test 15 4.17 Stem retention test 15Page 3 EN 12527:1998 BSI 03-1999 Introduction Castors and wheels are used in many app
19、lications and environments. For many of these specific requirements are needed. Thus the need for a standard on testing of castors and wheels suitable for users, original equipment manufacturers and testing houses. 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the test methods and apparatus to be used to
20、 check the performance of the castors and wheels. The test to be used and the acceptance criteria, values and applicability relevant to each type of castor and wheel are covered by the specific standards. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provi
21、sions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply only to this European Standard only when incorporated in
22、 it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN 12526:1998, Castors and wheels Vocabulary, recommended symbols and multilingual dictionary. ISO 2878, Rubber vulcanized Antistatic and conductive products Determination of electrical re
23、sistance limits. 3 Definitions and symbols For the purposes of this European Standard, definitions given in EN 12526:1998 apply and the meaning of the symbols is listed in Table 1 and in the individual tests. Table 1 Symbols and meaning of the symbols Symbol Unit Meaning of the symbols A mm dimensio
24、ns of top plate a mm bolt hole spacing B mm dimensions of top plate b mm bolt hole spacing c m distance between obstacles D mm wheel diameter d mm bore diameters E 1 number of locking actions E 2 cycles per minute frequency of locking actions e mm wheel spacing F mm offset f mm fork width G mm fixin
25、g bolt diameter g mm minimum distance of slotted hole centres H mm overall height h 1 mm height of obstacles h 2 mm drop height K 1 N horizontal tractive force K 2 N horizontal tractive force L 1 N load capacity L 2 N test load L 3 N test loadPage 4 EN 12527:1998 BSI 03-1999 Table 1 Symbols and mean
26、ing of the symbols (continued) Symbol Unit Meaning of the symbols L 4 N test load L 5 kg free falling mass L 6 N test load L 7 N test load L 8 N test load L 9 N test load L 10 N pull-out force L 17 N test load M mm hub diameter m mm swept radius n number of obstacles P mm stem diameter Q mm stem len
27、gth R V electrical resistance r 1 number of wheel revolutions r 2 number of cycles r 3 mm external corner radius r 4 mm internal corner radius r 5 mm tread curvature S 1 mm maximum initial swivel play S 2 mm maximum swivel wear play s mm bearing seat dimensions T mm wheel width T 1 mm hub width T 2
28、mm tyre width T 3 mm tread width t mm bearing seat dimensions v 1 m/s average speed of running period v 2 m/s speed at impact with obstacles v 3 mm/s travel speed W 1 mm maximum initial wheel play W 2 mm maximum wheel wear play w 1 N minimum rolling resistance (type H) w 2 N minimum rolling resistan
29、ce (type W) w 3 N horizontal tractive force w 4 N swivel resistance y 1 value load factor y 2 h time of application of the load y 3 h elapsed time prior to inspection (for furniture and swivel chair castors only) z 1 min running period z 2 min pause z 3 speed (cycles per min) b degrees angle of incl
30、inationPage 5 EN 12527:1998 BSI 03-1999 4 Test methods 4.1 General requirements 4.1.1 Test sequence Tests shall be carried out in a pre-defined sequence to allow repeatability of testing conditions. 4.1.2 Test sample All tests within the sequence shall be made with the same castor(s) or wheel(s), un
31、less otherwise specified in the appropriate standard. Castors and wheels shall not be artificially cooled during testing. 4.1.3 Application of test load The test load shall always be applied directly so that its centre of gravity lies central to the mounting plane of the castor(s), or the centre of
32、the test frame where required on which the sample(s) under test are mounted (see Figures 3 and 7). Unless otherwise specified the test load shall be a real weight. 4.1.4 Test report Actual readings and test results of each test and indication if the test is passed or failed shall be clearly given in
33、 the test report, including the following information: reference to the relevant European Standard; type of the test machine which was used; details of any deviation to this European Standard; main features of the test sample; name and address of location where the test was carried out; date of the
34、test. 4.2 Wheel play test 4.2.1 Objectives This test is to determine the initial wheel play at the commencement of the test sequence and the final wheel play at the end of the test sequence. 4.2.2 Symbols The following symbols are to be used: Symbol Meaning of the symbol W 1 maximum initial wheel pl
35、ay W 2 maximum wheel wear play 4.2.3 Apparatus The test apparatus is a device to clamp the fork with the fitted wheel under test. 4.2.4 Procedure The measurements shall be taken with the wheel and axle bush assembled as during test (original product). The fork of the castor is rigidly clamped in a v
36、ertical position ensuring that the fork width is maintained and the movement of the wheel is not impaired. The wheel play shall not include any side movement of the wheel on the axle. Wheel play shall be in mm and measured as in Figure 1. To determine the wear play subtract the initial wheel play fr
37、om the final wheel play. Measured wheel play Figure 1 Wheel play 4.3 Swivel play test 4.3.1 Objectives This test is to determine the initial swivel play at the commencement of the test sequence and the final swivel play at the end of the test sequence. 4.3.2 Symbols The following symbols are to be u
38、sed: Symbol Meaning of the symbol S 1 maximum initial swivel play S 2 maximum swivel wear play 4.3.3 Apparatus The test apparatus is a lever of at least 200 mm in length suitable to be rigidly fixed to the mounting plane of the castor under test as in Figure 2. 4.3.4 Procedure The measurements shall
39、 be taken with the wheel and axle bush assembled as during test (original product). The fork of the castor is rigidly clamped in a vertical position ensuring that the fork width is maintained and the movement of the swivel is not impaired. A mark shall be made on the fixed and swivelling parts of th
40、e castor. The swivel play shall be measured at 200 mm from the swivel axis of the castor when: the marks are aligned; the mounting plane is rotated through 908. Swivel play shall be in mm and measured as in Figure 2. The larger of these two values shall be taken. To determine the swivel play subtrac
41、t the initial swivel play from the final swivel play.Page 6 EN 12527:1998 BSI 03-1999 Dimensions in mm Figure 2 Swivel play 4.4 Electrical resistance test 4.4.1 Objectives This test is to measure the electrical resistivity of the sample (according to ISO 2878). The wheel(s) shall be perfectly clean
42、and dry. 4.4.2 Symbols The following symbols are to be used: Symbol Meaning of the symbol L 17 test load R measured resistance 4.4.3 Apparatus The test apparatus is an instrument having a nominal open circuit voltage of 500 V d.c., preferably an insulation tester (ohm meter), or any suitable instrum
43、ent known to give comparable results. The instrument shall be sufficiently accurate to determine the resistance within 10 % and shall not dissipate more than 3 W in the product. The resistance values obtained will vary with the applied voltage, and errors may occur when low test voltages are involve
44、d. In case of dispute, the voltage applied to the product shall be not less than 40 V, except where this conflicts with the requirement not to dissipate more than 3 W in the test piece. 4.4.4 Procedure Place the castor and/or wheel on a metal plate that is insulated from the floor. Between the metal
45、 plate and the castor a piece of wet blotting paper of the size of the contact area can be added if furniture castors or swivel chair castors are tested. Keep the tread in contact with the metal plate by applying with a load of 5 % to 10 % of the nominal load on the castor or wheel as given in 4.1.3
46、. Using the insulation tester measure the resistance between the mounting plane of the castor or axle of the wheel and the metal plate. It is necessary to take three readings each with a different part of the tread in contact with the metal plate. 4.5 Fatigue test for braking and/or locking device 4
47、.5.1 Objectives This test is to determine if there is any wear and/or permanent deformation, that would adversely affect the performance of the braking and/or locking device. This test is not applicable to braking and/or locking devices based on a threaded mechanism. 4.5.2 Symbols The following symb
48、ols are to be used: Symbol Meaning of the symbol E 1 number of locking actions E 2 frequency of locking actions in cycles per minute L 3 load 4.5.3 Apparatus The test apparatus shall simulate as effectively as possible what happens when the braking and/or locking device is operated and released with
49、 the castor stationary. 4.5.4 Procedure The castor loaded with L 3 is placed in the apparatus and the braking/locking actions are carried out in accordance with E 1 and E 2 . 4.6 Efficiency check of wheel braking and/or locking device 4.6.1 Objectives This test is to determine the performance of the wheel braking and/or locking device. It is recommended that this test should follow the test in 4.5, where applicable.Page 7 EN 12527:1998 BSI 03-1999 Figure 3 Example of testing apparatus f
