1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 13041:2011Soil improvers and growingmedia Determination ofphysical properties Dry bulkdensity, air volume, watervolume, shrinkage value andtotal pore spaceBS EN 13041:2011
2、BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 13041:2011. Itsupersedes BS EN 13041:2000 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee AW/20, Top soil and other growing media.A list of organizations represented o
3、n this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2011ISBN 978 0 580 68728 0ICS 65.080Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from
4、legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2011.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 13041:2011EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 13041 November 2011 ICS 65.080 Superse
5、des EN 13041:1999English Version Soil improvers and growing media - Determination of physical properties - Dry bulk density, air volume, water volume, shrinkage value and total pore space Amendements du sol et supports de culture - Dtermination des proprits physiques - Masse volumique apparente sche
6、, volume dair, volume deau, valeur de rtraction et porosit totale Bodenverbesserungsmittel und Kultursubstrate - Bestimmung der physikalischen Eigenschaften - Rohdichte (trocken), Luftkapazitt, Wasserkapazitt, Schrumpfungswert und Gesamtporenvolumen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 S
7、eptember 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may b
8、e obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to
9、the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxem
10、bourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All righ
11、ts of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13041:2011: EBS EN 13041:2011EN 13041:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 31 Scope 42 Normative references 43 Terms and definitions .44 Principle 55 Apparatus .55.1 Double rings (see Figure A.1) 55
12、.1.1 General 55.1.2 Lower sample ring .55.1.3 Upper ring .56 Preparation .67 Procedure .67.1 Moistening, saturating and equilibration at 50 cm water (5 kPa) pressure head 67.2 Filling tubes 67.3 Suction 10 cm water (1 kPa) pressure head .77.4 Separation of rings 77.5 Optional suction 50 cm and 100 c
13、m water (5 kPa and 10 kPa) pressure head 77.6 Drying 77.7 Organic matter (Wom) 87.8 Ash content (Wash) .88 Expression of results 88.1 Volume of the sample ring 88.2 Dry bulk density .88.3 Shrinkage value .98.4 Particle density 98.5 Total pore space 98.6 Water volume 108.7 Air volume . 109 Number of
14、replicates 1110 Precision 1111 Test report . 11Annex A (normative) Construction of sand suction table . 12Annex B (informative) Results of interlaboratory trial to determine the physical characteristics 16Bibliography . 26BS EN 13041:2011EN 13041:2011 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 13041:2011) has
15、 been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 223 “Soil improvers and growing media”, the secretariat of which is held by ASI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2012, and conflict
16、ing national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document sup
17、ersedes EN 13041:1999. The main change to the previous edition is in the scope of this document. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cypr
18、us, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 13041:2011EN 13041:2011 (E) 4 1
19、 Scope This European Standard describes an instrumental method for the routine determination of the physical properties, dry bulk density, water volume, air volume, shrinkage value and total pore space of soil improvers or growing media. This European Standard is not suitable for those materials whi
20、ch are very coarse, which do not make proper capillary contact or those which are pre-formed and non-particulate and have closed porosity. It is applicable to materials with particles 25 mm and/or flexible fibres 80 mm. This method is not applicable to liming materials and preformed materials such a
21、s mineral wool slabs and foam slabs. NOTE The requirements of the standard may differ from the national legal requirements for the declaration of the products concerned. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated refere
22、nces, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 12579:1999, Soil improvers and growing media Sampling EN 13039, Soil improvers and growing media Determination of organic matter content and ash EN 13040
23、:2007, Soil improvers and growing media Sample preparation for chemical and physical tests, determination of dry matter content, moisture content and laboratory compacted bulk density 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document the terms and definitions given in EN 12579:1999 and the f
24、ollowing apply. 3.1 air volume that part of the volume of a sample filled by air measured under the conditions specified in this European Standard, in particular at a defined suction (e.g. 10 cm water = 1 kPa suction) 3.2 dry bulk density ratio of the dry mass and volume of the sample in grams per l
25、itre 3.3 total pore space total volume of voids filled with water and/or air measured under the conditions specified in this European Standard, in particular at a defined suction (e.g. 10 cm water = 1 kPa suction) 3.4 shrinkage value loss in volume of the sample after drying a moist sample 3.5 water
26、 volume that part of the volume of a sample filled by water measured under the conditions specified in this European Standard, in particular at a defined suction (e.g. 10 cm water = 1 kPa suction) BS EN 13041:2011EN 13041:2011 (E) 5 3.6 particle density the ratio of the total mass of oven-dry solid
27、particles (minerals, organic matter) to the volume of these particles. The volume of the internal pores of the particles and the pore spaces between particles are excluded 4 Principle The sample is saturated in water and then equilibrated on a sand box at 50 cm water (5 kPa) pressure head. The sampl
28、e is then transferred into double ring sample cylinders, re-wetted and equilibrated at minus 10 cm water (1 kPa) pressure head. After equilibration the physical properties are calculated from the wet and dry weights of the sample in the lower ring. After 10 cm water pressure head (= 1 kPa) it is opt
29、ional also to apply 50 cm and 100 cm water (5 kPa and 10 kPa) pressure head respectively. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Double rings (see Figure A.1) 5.1.1 General The double rings and fixing collars described in this clause, shall be made from any rigid material that will not deform at a temperature of up to 120
30、 C. 5.1.2 Lower sample ring 5.1.2.1 Sample ring of internal diameter (D1) (100 1) mm and height (50 1) mm. As each ring is individually made it is necessary to determine the volume (V1), record the mass (m1) and identify each lower sample ring. The volume shall be determined by measuring the mean he
31、ight (at least quadruplicate measurements) (h1) and mean diameter (d1) of the sample rings with a calliper gauge (At least triplicate measurements; top, middle and bottom). 5.1.2.2 Removable gauze-retaining ring or collar 20 mm high and 7,5 mm to 8,5 mm larger than the outer diameter of the sample r
32、ing. 5.1.2.3 Non-biodegradable synthetic gauze with a mesh size of about 0,1 mm. 5.1.3 Upper ring 5.1.3.1 Upper ring having the same internal diameter as the ring prepared in (see 5.1.2.1) and height (53 1) mm. 5.1.3.2 Collar - fixed on the ring permitting the upper cylinder to be secured to the low
33、er cylinder for the duration of the test. 5.2 Plastic tube, of approximately 14 cm diameter and 14 cm high to give a volume of about 2 l. Tightly stretch and secure the gauze (see 5.1.2.3) to one end of the tube by means of an elastic band. 5.3 Water bath, capable of holding at least 4 plastic tubes
34、 (see 5.2) standing on a coarse mesh and capable of being filled with water to the top of the plastic tubes. 5.4 Sand suction table (see Figure A.3) Prepare the sand suction table for example in accordance with Annex A, using the fine sand to obtain the required suction. The pressure head in the pla
35、stic tubes (50 cm water = 5 kPa) is measured from the BS EN 13041:2011EN 13041:2011 (E) 6 bottom of the tube. The pressure head in the rings (10 cm, 50 cm and 100 cm water, equivalent to 1 kPa, 5 kPa and 10 kPa, respectively) is measured from the middle of the lower ring (see Figure A.3). The settin
36、g of the pressure head can be checked with a tensiometer or pressure transducer. 5.5 Ventilated drying oven set at (103 2) C. 5.6 Analytical balance with a scale interval of 0,1 g. 5.7 Shallow vessel, spoon or scoop approximately 50 ml capacity. 6 Preparation Prepare the laboratory sample in accorda
37、nce with 8.4 of EN 13040:2007. 7 Procedure 7.1 Moistening, saturating and equilibration at 50 cm water (5 kPa) pressure head 7.1.1 Fill at least 2 tubes (see 5.2) with the test portion taking care to prevent artificial air voids. Cover each tube with synthetic gauze (see 5.1.2.3) secured with an ela
38、stic band. Place the tube on the grid in a dry water bath (see 5.3). 7.1.2 Slowly, with constant flow, fill the bath with water until the level reaches to within 1 cm below the top of the tube. Filling should take approximately 30 min. 7.1.3 If a tube shows signs of floating, place a weighted disc o
39、n the top of the tube allowing air to evacuate and at the same time ensuring that compaction of the sample does not take place, (see Figure A.4). 7.1.4 Allow to stand maintaining a constant water level until the sample is thoroughly wetted (up to 36 h). 7.1.5 Remove the tubes and without delay, tran
40、sfer the tubes to the sand suction table. The bottom of the tube should be fully in contact with the sand. Apply a 50 cm water (5 kPa) pressure head, measured from the bottom of the tube, for 48 h. 7.2 Filling tubes 7.2.1 Secure the gauze (see 5.1.2.3) with the collar (see 5.1.2.2) to the base of th
41、e lower sample ring (see 5.1.2). Attach and secure the upper sample ring (see 5.1.3) to the lower sample ring. 7.2.2 Empty the tubes containing the equilibrated (50 cm water, 5 kPa) wet sample from 7.1.5 onto a clean surface and gently mix taking care not to cause any physical damage to the sample.
42、7.2.3 Transfer using the shallow vessel (see 5.7) approximately 50 ml portions of the mixed sample to the prepared sample rings taking care to avoid compaction or artificial air voids and filling the cylinder and removable ring completely. 7.2.4 Fill at least 4 units with the sample. Place the unit
43、on the grid in a dry water bath. Slowly, with constant flow, fill the bath (see 5.3) with water until the level reaches to within 1 cm below the top of the tube. Filling should take approximately 30 min. 7.2.5 Maintain a constant water level for 24 h (see Figure A.5). NOTE Two different baths may be
44、 used, one for -10 cm water (1 kPa) and one for 50 cm water (5 kPa). BS EN 13041:2011EN 13041:2011 (E) 7 7.3 Suction 10 cm water (1 kPa) pressure head 7.3.1 Carefully remove the units and without delay transfer to the sand bath (see 5.4) making sure there is contact between sand and the lower part o
45、f the unit. Cover the sand box and apply a 10 cm (1 kPa) pressure head, measured from the middle of the lower ring. 7.3.2 It is important to regularly check that no air bubbles are present in the suction level regulator tubes. Apply the suction until equilibrium is reached. A minimum of 48 h and up
46、to 72 h is required. 7.4 Separation of rings 7.4.1 Remove the double ring sample cylinders from the sand box and place on a flat solid surface. Carefully remove the upper ring in a vertical movement. Use a knife or straight edge to strike off the material level with the top of the sample ring withou
47、t causing compaction. The levelling of fibrous materials can best be done by cutting off excess matter with a pair of scissors exercising considerable care to avoid other disturbances. 7.4.2 Remove any materials adhering to the outside of the sample ring and record the mass (m2) taking care not to t
48、urn the ring. 7.5 Optional suction 50 cm and 100 cm water (5 kPa and 10 kPa) pressure head NOTE After 10 cm water (1 kPa) pressure head it is possible also to determine the air and water volume at 50 cm and 100 cm water (5 kPa and 10 kPa) pressure head. The following procedure (see 7.5) can be skipp
49、ed only if values for water and air volume at 10 cm water (1 kPa) are necessary. 7.5.1 Carefully place the ring to the sand bath (see 5.4) making sure there is contact between the sand and the lower part of the ring. Cover the sand box and apply a 50 cm water (5 kPa) pressure head, measured from the middle of the ring. 7.5.2 It is important to regularly check that no air bubbles are present in the suction level regulator t
