1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58The European Standard EN 13084-2:2007 has the status of a British StandardICS 91.060.40Free-standin
2、g chimneys Part 2: Concrete chimneysBRITISH STANDARDBS EN 13084-2:2007BS EN 13084-2:2007This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 29 June 2007 BSI 2007ISBN 978 0 580 52934 4Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Commentscontra
3、ct. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.National forewordThis British Standard was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of EN 13084-2:2007. It supersedes BS EN 13084-2:2001 which is withdrawn. The
4、 UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/506, Chimneys, to Subcommittee B/506/14, Structural Chimneys and Flues.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the ne
5、cessary provisions of a EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 13084-2May 2007ICS 91.060.40 Supersedes EN 13084-2:2001 English VersionFree-standing chimneys - Part 2: Concrete chimneysChemines indpendantes - Partie 2: Chemines en bton Freistehende Schornsteine - Teil 2: BetonschornsteineT
6、his European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 April 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical referenc
7、es concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into i
8、ts own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lith
9、uania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CEN
10、 All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 13084-2:2007: EEN 13084-2:2007 (E) 2 Contents page Foreword4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 Materials .6 4.1 Concrete .6 4.1.1 Normal-weight concrete for c
11、ast-in-situ chimneys6 4.1.2 Concrete for prefabricated chimneys6 4.2 Mortar for bedding of prefabricated elements6 4.3 Reinforcing steel6 5 Material properties.7 6 Structural design .8 6.1 Actions8 6.2 Effect of actions.8 6.2.1 General8 6.2.2 Partial safety factors .8 6.2.3 Moments of 2ndorder.9 6.2
12、.4 Superposition of effects from thermal and other actions .11 6.3 Verification .11 6.3.1 General11 6.3.2 Ultimate limit state.11 6.3.3 Serviceability limit state14 7 Detailing provisions 15 7.1 Cast-in-situ chimneys .15 7.1.1 Minimum vertical reinforcement 15 7.1.2 Minimum horizontal reinforcement1
13、5 7.1.3 Minimum reinforcement around openings15 7.1.4 Distance between bars16 7.1.5 Minimum concrete cover 16 7.1.6 Minimum wall thickness16 7.1.7 Splices 16 7.2 Prefabricated concrete chimneys 16 7.2.1 Minimum reinforcement for transportation of prefabricated elements16 7.2.2 Minimum horizontal rei
14、nforcement16 7.2.3 Minimum concrete cover 16 EN 13084-2:2007 (E) 3 7.2.4 Minimum wall thickness .17 7.2.5 Vertical continuous bundles of bars .17 7.2.6 Openings 18 8 Workmanship.19 8.1 General .19 8.2 Bedding joints19 8.3 Reinforcement ducts.19 9 Quality control .19 9.1 Cast-in-situ chimneys .19 9.2
15、 Prefabricated chimneys19 Annex A (normative) Analysis of stresses due to thermal and other actions20 A.1 Moment-curvature-relation.20 A.2 Calculation procedure.23 Annex B (normative) Limitations of crack widths25 EN 13084-2:2007 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 13084-2:2007) has been prepared by Te
16、chnical Committee CEN/TC 297 “Free-standing industrial chimneys”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2007, and conflicting national s
17、tandards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2007. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes E
18、N 13084-2:2001. This European Standard is part 2 of a series of standards as listed below: EN 13084-1, Free-standing chimneys - Part 1: General requirements. EN 13084-2, Free-standing chimneys - Part 2: Concrete chimneys. EN 13084-4, Free-standing chimneys - Part 4: Brick liners Design and execution
19、. EN 13084-5, Free-standing chimneys - Part 5: Material for brick liners - Product specifications. EN 13084-6, Free-standing chimneys - Part 6: Steel liners - Design and execution. EN 13084-7, Free-standing chimneys Part 7: Product specifications of cylindrical steel fabrications for use in single w
20、all steel chimneys and steel liners. EN 13084-8, Free-standing chimneys Part 8: Design and execution of mast construction with satellite components Additionally applies EN 1993-3-2, Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures Part 3-2: Towers, masts and chimneys Chimneys. According to the CEN/CENELEC Int
21、ernal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, M
22、alta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 13084-2:2007 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies particular requirements and performance criteria for the design and construction of cast-in-situ concrete chimneys a
23、s well as prefabricated concrete chimneys. It identifies requirements to ensure the mechanical resistance and stability of concrete chimneys in accordance with the general requirements given in EN 13084-1. As for chimneys attached to buildings the criteria given in Clause 1 of EN 13084-1:2000 apply.
24、 Unless otherwise stated in the following clauses the basic standard for the design of concrete structures, EN 1992-1-1, applies. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this European Standard. For dated references, only the edition cited ap
25、plies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 206-1:2000, Concrete Part 1: Specification, performance, production and conformity EN 1520:2002, Prefabricated reinforced components of lightweight aggregate concrete with open structu
26、re EN 1990, Eurocode - Basis of structural design EN 1992-1-1:2004, Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures - Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings EN 1992-1-2, Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures Part 1-2: General rules - Structural fire design EN 12446, Chimneys - Components - Co
27、ncrete outer wall elements EN 13084-1:2000, Free-standing chimneys - Part 1: General requirements EN 13084-4, Free standing chimneys Part 4: Brick liners Design and execution 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 13084-1:2000 and the followi
28、ng apply. 3.1 prefabricated element precast member of normal-weight or light-weight concrete, reinforced or not, which completely encloses the flues of chimney stacks 3.2 reinforcement ducts route for the continuous vertical reinforcement EN 13084-2:2007 (E) 6 4 Materials 4.1 Concrete 4.1.1 Normal-w
29、eight concrete for cast-in-situ chimneys The concrete strength classes given in EN 206-1 but not less than C25/30 can be used for cast-in-situ chimneys. For environmental conditions EN 206-1 applies. NOTE Higher strength classes than C25/30 should only be used if it would be required by environmenta
30、l conditions in accordance with EN 1992-1-1:2004, Table E.1N and no special provisions for corrosion protection of reinforcement and protection of concrete attack need to be taken. 4.1.2 Concrete for prefabricated chimneys 4.1.2.1 Normal-weight concrete See 4.1.1 4.1.2.2 Light-weight aggregate concr
31、ete The light-weight aggregate concrete for prefabricated elements shall correspond to the density-class D 1,2 or higher in accordance with Table 9 of EN 206-1:2000. The light-weight aggregate concrete with closed structure for prefabricated elements shall correspond to the strength classes given in
32、 EN 206-1. For environmental conditions EN 206-1 applies. NOTE Higher strength classes than LC25/28 should only be used if it would be required by environmental conditions in accordance with EN 1992-1-1:2004, Table E.1N and no special provisions for corrosion protection of reinforcement and protecti
33、on of concrete attack need to be taken. The light-weight aggregate concrete with open structure for prefabricated elements shall correspond to the strength classes given in EN 1520 but strength classes less than LAC 8 shall not be used. For environmental conditions see EN 1520: 2002, 5.8.2. 4.1.2.3
34、Reinforcement duct infill concrete The reinforcement duct infill concrete shall have at least the same strength class as the prefabricated elements, but not more than the next higher strength class. The flow class for consistence shall not be less than F3 in accordance with Table 6 of EN 206-1:2000
35、and the maximum size of aggregate shall not be greater than 8 mm. 4.1.2.4 Outer wall elements Prefabricated outer wall elements shall be in accordance with EN 12446. 4.2 Mortar for bedding of prefabricated elements The mortar of bedding joints between prefabricated elements shall have the same stren
36、gth class as the concrete of the prefabricated elements. 4.3 Reinforcing steel For reinforcing steel the specifications given in EN 1992-1-1 apply. EN 13084-2:2007 (E) 7 5 Material properties The material properties of concrete and reinforcing steel for normal temperature design shall be taken from
37、EN 1992-1-1 or EN 1520 with the exception of the mean tensile strength of concrete, fctm, which shall be calculated in accordance with Equation (1). The influence of elevated temperatures on the mechanical and thermal properties of concrete and reinforcing steel shall be determined from EN 1992-1-2.
38、 fctm= ccx cx cvx cfcm0,67 , in N/mm2 (1) where: ccis the concrete density factor; cc= 0,4 + 0,62200(1a) cis the concrete strength factor; c= 0,45 (1b) cvis the predamage factor; cv=0,85 - 0,2 x t(1c)cis the eccentricity factor; 6 + 1,06 + 0,6= tcc(1d)ctis the wall thickness factor; ttc+=400,16,2 24
39、t(1e) fcmis the mean compressive strength of concrete; fcm= fck+ 8 in Newtons per square millimetres (1f) fckis the characteristic compressive strength (cylinders) of concrete in Newtons per square millimetres; is the density of concrete; for normal-weight concrete: = 2200 kg/m3for light-weight conc
40、rete: is the design value of the density of concrete corresponding to the density class in accordance with Table 11.1 of EN 1992-1-1:2004, is the eccentricity; EN 13084-2:2007 (E) 8 t N= M (1g) M is the design value of the bending moment in the cross-section concerned in Newton metres; N is the desi
41、gn value of the axial force in the cross-section concerned in Newtons; t is the wall thickness of the cross-section concerned in metres; For lightweight-aggregate concrete the symbols fctm, fcmand fckshall be replaced by flctm, flcmand flckrespectively. 6 Structural design 6.1 Actions Actions to be
42、considered are given in EN 13084-1. For design values of actions and combination of actions see EN 1990. 6.2 Effect of actions 6.2.1 General The effect of actions in both horizontal and vertical cross-sections have to be calculated taking into account moments of 2ndorder. The windshield can be treat
43、ed in accordance with the beam theory being subjected to axial forces, bending moments and thermal effects. If effects on the stability are expected, the influences from creep, shrinkage and cracking shall be taken into account. 6.2.2 Partial safety factors Partial safety factors for actions shall b
44、e applied. NOTE The values of the partial safety factors for actions in the ultimate limit state for use in a Country may be found in its National Annex. The recommended partial safety factors for actions are: a) permanent actions unfavourable effect G= 1,35 favourable effect G= 1,0 b) wind actions
45、W= 1,5 c) thermal effects T= 1,5 d) seismic actions E= 1,0 EN 13084-2:2007 (E) 9 6.2.3 Moments of 2ndorder 6.2.3.1 General For the determination of moments of 2ndorder the mean values of the material properties may be used. In the concrete compression zone, the following linear material law has to b
46、e used: E = cm(2) where: is the stress; Ecmis the modulus of elasticity of concrete; is the strain. The stiffening effect of the concrete in the tension zone may be taken into account in chimneys with continuous vertical reinforcement. 6.2.3.2 Approximate method The approximation is based on the fol
47、lowing assumptions: full utilization of the cross-sections with respect to the local load carrying capacity; consideration of the tension stiffening effects of the concrete; chimney height less than 300 m; no consideration of deflection effects due to imperfections and rotation of the foundation; co
48、nstant diameter and wall thickness or nearly linear reduction of one or both of them over the chimney height. The design value of the 2ndorder moment may be calculated as follows: for windshields with continuous vertical reinforcement: 2,412,4 + 1100)0,14 - (85(0) )()(hz- hzhM+ z M= z M2IIII(3) for
49、windshields without continuous vertical reinforcement with the value of according to Equation (5) not exceeding 0,6: ) + 1( z Mz M( = )I2II (4) where: MII(z) is the design value of the 2ndorder bending moment at height z; MI(0) is the design value of the 1storder bending moment at the chimney base; MI(z) is the design value of the 1storder bending moment at height z; EN 13084-2:2007 (E) 10 z is the height at the considere
