1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 13146-3:2012Railway applications Track Test methods for fasteningsystemsPart 3: Determination of attenuation ofimpact loadsBS EN 13146-3:2012 BRITISH STANDARDNational forew
2、ordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 13146-3:2012.It supersedes BS EN 13146-3:2002 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee RAE/2, Railway Applications - Track.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtaine
3、d on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2012. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2012ISBN 978 0 580 68148 6ICS 45.080Compliance with a Brit
4、ish Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2012.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 13146-3:2012EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN
5、 13146-3 April 2012 ICS 93.100 Supersedes EN 13146-3:2002English Version Railway applications - Track - Test methods for fastening systems - Part 3: Determination of attenuation of impact loads Applications ferroviaires - Voie - Mthodes dessais pour les systmes de fixation - Partie 3: Dtermination d
6、e lattnuation des forces dimpact Bahnanwendungen - Oberbau - Prfverfahren fr Schienenbefestigungssyteme - Teil 3: Bestimmung der Dmpfung von Stolasten This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 November 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipu
7、late the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European S
8、tandard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the
9、national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Swi
10、tzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members.
11、 Ref. No. EN 13146-3:2012: EBS EN 13146-3:2012EN 13146-3:2012 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3g31g3 Scope. 4g32g3 Normative references 4 g33g3 Terms and definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 4g33.1g3 Terms and definitions 4g33.2g3 Symbols and abbreviations 4g34g3 Principle 5g35g3 Apparatus . 5g35.1
12、g3 Concrete sleeper or bearer . 5g35.2g3 Support 5g35.2.1g3 Reference method 5g35.2.2g3 Alternative method . 6g35.3g3 Rail . 6g35.4g3 Strain measuring and recording equipment . 6g35.5g3 Drop mass . 6g35.6g3 Preloading equipment . 7g36g3 Test specimens 7g36.1g3 Concrete sleeper or bearer . 7g36.2g3 F
13、astening 7g37g3 Procedure Reference method 8g37.1g3 Preparation . 8g37.2g3 Testing. 8g37.3g3 Check on sleeper condition 8g37.4g3 Calculation 8g38g3 Procedure Alternative method . 9g38.1g3 Preparation . 9g38.2g3 Testing and checking 9 g38.3g3 Calculation 9g39g3 Test report 9g3Annex A (informative) Sa
14、mple calculation 11g3BS EN 13146-3:2012EN 13146-3:2012 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 13146-3:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either b
15、y publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or C
16、ENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 13146-3:2002. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. Detailed changes only have been made in this
17、revision of EN 13146-3:2002. This European Standard is one of the series EN 13146 “Railway applications Track Test methods for fastening systems“ which consists of the following parts: Part 1: Determination of longitudinal rail restraint; Part 2: Determination of torsional resistance; Part 3: Determ
18、ination of attenuation of impact loads; Part 4: Effect of repeated loading; Part 5: Determination of electrical resistance; Part 6: Effect of severe environmental conditions; Part 7: Determination of clamping force; Part 8: In service testing; Part 9: Determination of stiffness. These support the re
19、quirements in the series EN 13481 “Railway applications Track Performance requirements for fastening systems“. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
20、 Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 13146-3:2
21、012EN 13146-3:2012 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard specifies laboratory test procedures for applying an impact to a rail fastened to a concrete sleeper or bearer which simulates the impact loading caused by traffic on railway tracks and measuring the strain induced in the sleeper. They are used
22、 for comparing the attenuation of impact loads on concrete sleepers or bearers by different rail pads. A reference procedure and alternative procedure are included. This test is only applicable to ballasted track. These test procedures apply to a complete fastening assembly. 2 Normative references T
23、he following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 13146
24、-9:2009, Railway applications Track Test methods for fastening systems Part 9: Determination of stiffness EN 13230-1, Railway applications Track Concrete sleepers and bearers Part 1: General requirements EN 13230-2, Railway applications Track Concrete sleepers and bearers Part 2: Prestressed monoblo
25、ck sleepers EN 13230-3, Railway applications Track Concrete sleepers and bearers Part 3: Twin-block reinforced sleepers EN 13481-1:2012, Railway applications Track Performance requirements for fastening systems Part 1: Definitions 3 Terms and definitions, symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Terms and defi
26、nitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 13481-1:2012 apply. 3.2 Symbols and abbreviations For the purposes of this document, the following symbols apply. a attenuation expressed as per cent reduction in sleeper strain with test pad compared with reference pad
27、; atattenuation at the top of the sleeper, in %; abattenuation at the bottom of the sleeper, in %; dathickness of aluminium plate used with rail pad, in mm; dtthickness of rail pad for which assembly is designed, in mm; Mdrpositive bending moment at the rail seat of the sleeper, in kNm; BS EN 13146-
28、3:2012EN 13146-3:2012 (E) 5 vertical deflection, in mm; pctfirst peak strain in the top of the sleeper with test pad when subject to impact loading; pcbfirst peak strain in the bottom of the sleeper with test pad; pcrtmean first peak strain in the top of the sleeper with reference pad when subject t
29、o impact loading; pcrbmean first peak strain in the bottom of the sleeper with reference pad; ststrain in the top of the sleeper due to static preload in alternative test procedure; sbstrain in the bottom of the sleeper due to static preload. 4 Principle An impact load is applied by dropping a mass
30、onto the head of a rail fastened to a concrete sleeper. The effect of the impact is measured as strain in the concrete sleeper. The impact attenuation of a fastening system is assessed by comparing the strains induced with a low attenuation reference rail pad in the fastening system and with the tes
31、t pad in the fastening system. With a reference pad in the system the strain induced by the impact load shall not exceed 80 % of the rail seat resistance moment of the sleeper (Mdrin accordance with EN 13230-1) at the gauge positions. The drop mass, drop height and resilience of the striking head ar
32、e adjusted to ensure the limit on strain is not exceeded. Without subsequent change to the drop mass, drop height and striking head, the procedure is repeated with the test pad. NOTE The test result is not very sensitive to the test load. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Concrete sleeper or bearer An uncracked concr
33、ete sleeper or bearer, made without modification for this test, of the correct rail seat dimensions for the fastening assembly to be tested. The sleeper shall have two resistance strain gauges of (100 to 120) mm nominal gauge length bonded to the side of the sleeper symmetrically about a line throug
34、h the centre of the rail seat normal to the base of the sleeper. The gauges shall be parallel to the base of the sleeper with one gauge as close as possible to the top of the sleeper rail seat, but avoiding any edge chamfer or radius, and the other gauge at least 10 mm but not more than 25 mm above
35、the base of the sleeper as shown in Figure 1. NOTE The sleeper designer or manufacturer should provide the calculated resistance moment at the gauge positions. 5.2 Support 5.2.1 Reference method The support shall consist of a bed of crushed stone with nominal particle size in the range (5 to 15) mm
36、contained in a tank. The bed shall be continuous for the full length of monoblock sleepers and bearers, and continuous under each block of two block sleepers. The support shall permit a vertical deflection of the sleeper of (0,1 g148 g148 0,5) mm when a sleeper supported on it is subject to an incre
37、ase in static load from 50 kN to 60 kN at one rail seat NOTE A suitable depth of crushed stone is 270 mm below the sleeper and a total depth of 370 mm. BS EN 13146-3:2012EN 13146-3:2012 (E) 6 Key h height of base of strain gauge above base of sleeper 10 mm h g148 25 mm Figure 1 Position of strain ga
38、uges 5.2.2 Alternative method For the alternative method, the support shall consist of a rubber mat on a firm base. The support shall permit a vertical deflection of (0,1 0,5) mm when a sleeper supported on it is subject to an increase in static load from 50 kN to 60 kN at one rail seat. 5.3 Rail A
39、piece of rail (0,3 to 1,0) m long of the section for which the fastening assembly is designed. 5.4 Strain measuring and recording equipment Instruments which process the output from the strain gauges and provide a record of strain vs. time with a definition of not less than 0,1 ms. The output from t
40、he strain gauges shall be measured to 0,1 mV. 5.5 Drop mass The combination of mass and drop height shall be such that the strain measured at each gauge position shall be less than 80 % of the calculated cracking strain of the sleeper and the time interval for the initial impulse of load shall be 1
41、ms to 5 ms. A typical drop mass is shown in Figure 2. NOTE The strain should be sufficient to be accurately measured. BS EN 13146-3:2012EN 13146-3:2012 (E) 7 5.6 Preloading equipment A set of springs with a total effective stiffness of less than 2 MN/m capable of applying a vertical preload of 50 kN
42、 to the rail. Key 1 guides 2 tup 3 rubber pad 4 tup head Figure 2 Typical drop mass 6 Test specimens 6.1 Concrete sleeper or bearer As described in 5.1. 6.2 Fastening The complete fastening assembly including all components and baseplate, where appropriate. BS EN 13146-3:2012EN 13146-3:2012 (E) 8 7
43、Procedure Reference method 7.1 Preparation The test shall be carried out in a room or enclosure maintained at (23 5) C. All components used in the test shall be kept at this temperature for not less than 4 h prior to commencement of the test. The fastening system and rail are assembled with a 5 mm t
44、hick plain reference pad of HDPE or EVA with a static stiffness not less than 500 MN/m measured in accordance with EN 13146-9:2009. If the fastening assembly is designed for a thicker pad (thickness = dt) an aluminium plate (thickness = da) shall be inserted between the rail and pad where (da= dt- 5
45、) mm. The sleeper with strain gauges fixed as in 5.1 is placed on the support in 5.2.1. An impact load is applied to the rail by free fall of the drop mass and the strain recorded with the record commencing not less than 3 ms before impact and continuing for not less than 5 ms after impact. For an e
46、stablished test rig the magnitude and time interval of the first strain peak shall be compared with the mean of 10 preceding impacts. If it differs by more than 10 % the test conditions shall be adjusted to achieve the mean condition. For a previously unused test rig or when the ballast or sleeper o
47、r bearer has been changed, a series of impacts shall be carried out and the strain recorded every 10 impacts. When five consecutive strain measurements have first strain peak magnitude and time intervals within 10 % of their mean, preparation is complete. 7.2 Testing With the test pad in place, carr
48、y out five impacts. Then record the strain during three subsequent impacts as described in 7.1. 7.3 Check on sleeper condition The integrity of the test sleeper shall be checked after each impact test by comparing the ratio of strains measured at the top gauge position and bottom gauge position with
49、 the corresponding ratio for a similar sleeper subject to static loading only. The static loading shall be in accordance with the rail seat test load in EN 13230-2 and EN 13230-3. If the ratio from the impact test differs from the ratio from the static test by more than 10 % of the static ratio, the measurements for impact loading shall be rejected and the test repeated using a new sleeper. 7.4 Calculation Calculate the attenuation at the top and bottom of the sleeper for the test
