1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 13146-7:2012Railway applications Track Test methods for fasteningsystemsPart 7: Determination of clamping forceBS EN 13146-7:2012 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis Brit
2、ish Standard is the UK implementation of EN 13146-7:2012.It supersedes BS EN 13146-7:2002 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee RAE/2, Railway Applications - Track.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request
3、 to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2012. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2012ISBN 978 0 580 68152 3ICS 45.080Compliance with a British Standard
4、 cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2012.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 13146-7:2012EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 13146-7 Apr
5、il 2012 ICS 93.100 Supersedes EN 13146-7:2002English Version Railway applications - Track - Test methods for fastening systems - Part 7: Determination of clamping force Applications ferroviaires - Voies - Mthodes dessai pour les systmes de fixation - Partie 7: Dtermination de leffort dapplication au
6、 patin de rail Bahnanwendungen - Oberbau - Prfverfahren fr Schienenbefestigungssysteme - Teil 7: Bestimmung der Spannkraft This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 November 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for givi
7、ng this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three offi
8、cial versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of
9、 Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
10、Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13146-7:2012: E
11、BS EN 13146-7:2012EN 13146-7:2012 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3g31g3 Scope. 4g32g3 Normative references 4 g33g3 Terms and definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 4g33.1g3 Terms and definitions 4g33.2g3 Symbols and abbreviations 4g34g3 Principle 4g35g3 Apparatus . 5g35.1g3 Rail . 5g35.2g3 Loading d
12、evice . 5g35.3g3 Measuring and recording instruments 5g35.4g3 Calibration 5g35.5g3 Steel shims . 5g36g3 Test specimens 5g36.1g3 Sleeper, bearer or concrete block 5g36.2g3 Fastening components 5g37g3 Test procedure . 5g37.1g3 Preparation for test 5g37.2g3 Loading and measurement for assemblies incorp
13、orating a rail pad 6g37.3g3 Loading and measurement for assemblies not incorporating a rail pad . 6g38g3 Test report 8g3BS EN 13146-7:2012EN 13146-7:2012 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 13146-7:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway applications”, the secretariat of whic
14、h is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2012. Attention is drawn to the possi
15、bility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 13146-7:2002. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the Europea
16、n Commission and the European Free Trade Association. In this revision of EN 13146-7:2002, the alternative test procedure has been omitted. No other major changes have been made. This European Standard is one of the series EN 13146 “Railway applications Track Test methods for fastening systems“ whic
17、h consists of the following parts: Part 1: Determination of longitudinal rail restraint; Part 2: Determination of torsional resistance; Part 3: Determination of attenuation of impact loads; Part 4: Effect of repeated loading; Part 5: Determination of electrical resistance; Part 6: Effect of severe e
18、nvironmental conditions; Part 7: Determination of clamping force; Part 8: In service testing; Part 9: Determination of stiffness. These support the requirements in the series EN 13481 “Railway applications Track Performance requirements for fastening systems“. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal R
19、egulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg,
20、 Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 13146-7:2012EN 13146-7:2012 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a laboratory test procedure for determining the clamping force exerted by the fasten
21、ing system on the foot of a rail by measuring the force to separate the rail foot from its immediate support. It is applicable to systems with and without baseplates on all types of sleepers, bearers and elements of slab track. The test does not determine the security of fastening components fixed i
22、nto the sleeper or other fastening system support. This test procedure applies to a complete fastening assembly. It is not applicable to fastening systems for embedded rail. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indis
23、pensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 13481-1:2012, Railway applications Track Performance requirements for fastening systems Part 1: Definitions
24、 EN ISO 7500-1:2004, Metallic materials Verification of static uniaxial testing machines Part 1: Tension/compression testing machines Verification and calibration of the force-measuring system (ISO 7500-1:2004) 3 Terms and definitions, symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purp
25、oses of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 13481-1:2012 apply. 3.2 Symbols and abbreviations For the purposes of this document, the following symbols apply. d for direct fastening systems - vertical displacement of the rail relative to the sleeper, in mm; for indirect fastening sys
26、tems vertical displacement of the rail relative to the baseplate, in mm; msmass of sleeper or part sleeper and fastening components fixed to it, used in the test, in kg; mfmass of loading frame supported by the sleeper, in kg; P vertical load applied to the rail, in kN; P0vertical load at zero rail
27、displacement which just counteracts the clamping force, in kN. 4 Principle The clamping force for a complete rail fastening assembly is determined by measuring the force necessary to separate the rail from the surface on which it is supported. BS EN 13146-7:2012EN 13146-7:2012 (E) 5 5 Apparatus 5.1
28、Rail A short length (approximately 0,5 m or the length of the test specimen for embedded rail) of rail, of the section for which the fastening assembly under test is designed. The rail shall be unlaminated and have neither loose rust on the surface nor be polished on the foot by repeated testing. 5.
29、2 Loading device A device to apply a vertical load to the rail at a controlled rate of approximately 10 kN/m. 5.3 Measuring and recording instruments Instruments which measure the vertical displacement of the rail support (baseplate or sleeper) relative to the rail with an accuracy of 0,1 mm and ins
30、truments conforming to EN ISO 7500-1:2004, Class 1 which measure the applied force. The recording instruments shall be capable of plotting load-displacement diagrams. 5.4 Calibration The calibration of actuators and measuring instruments shall be verified periodically with equipment having certified
31、 traceability to European or International Standards using the International System of Units (SI). 5.5 Steel shims Steel shims 25 mm 25 mm 0,25 mm, maximum thickness 0,30 mm. 6 Test specimens 6.1 Sleeper, bearer or concrete block A portion of a sleeper, bearer or a concrete block whose centroid is a
32、pproximately at the centre line of the rail seat or baseplate support area. This is described as a sleeper in the test procedure. 6.2 Fastening components All fastening components, as used in track, including baseplates where incorporated. 7 Test procedure 7.1 Preparation for test Fix the rail to th
33、e sleeper, with the baseplate if part of the assembly, using the fastening components assembled as in track. If the test is to be conducted on an indirect fastening system, the clamps may be fixed over the baseplate providing that movement of the rail relative to the baseplate is not constrained. NO
34、TE 1 If a rail pad is used which is shaped to provide positive location in the assembly, the edges of the pad can be cut off to simplify removal of the pad as described in 7.2. The portion of the pad under the rail should not be cut. BS EN 13146-7:2012EN 13146-7:2012 (E) 6 NOTE 2 For fastening assem
35、blies for switches and crossings which incorporate long baseplates additional fixings may be made into the supporting bearer or slab to minimize bending of the baseplate during this test. Clamp the portion of sleeper to the base of the test fixture. Set up the test arrangement as shown in Figure 1 t
36、o permit a load P to be applied to the rail normal to the rail seat. Locate one displacement transducer at each of the four corners of the rail seat to measure d. Zero the displacement transducers. 7.2 Loading and measurement for assemblies incorporating a rail pad Apply an increasing tensile load P
37、 to the rail, ensuring that the rail base is kept parallel to the rail seat without tilting, until the pad can just be moved. Remove the pad and decrease the load until the average of the displacement transducers is zero. Record the load P and then reduce the load to approximately 0,9 P. Whilst reco
38、rding d (the average of the four transducers) increase the load P at a rate not exceeding 10 kN/min until the load is 1,1 P. From the load-displacement diagram (Figure 2) read off the value of P0at d = 0 which is taken as the clamping force. Repeat the procedure twice more and calculate the mean cla
39、mping force. 7.3 Loading and measurement for assemblies not incorporating a rail pad Apply an increasing tensile load P to the rail until there is a clear space under the rail which is just sufficient to allow insertion of four steel shims under the rail, one at each corner of the rail seat. Reduce
40、the load P to zero and then reapply an increasing load until a value is reached at which it is just possible to move all the shims by hand. This load is P0which is taken as the clamping force. Repeat the procedure twice more and calculate the mean clamping force. BS EN 13146-7:2012EN 13146-7:2012 (E
41、) 7 Figure 1 Test arrangement BS EN 13146-7:2012EN 13146-7:2012 (E) 8 Key 1 displacement d, in mm 2 load P, in kN Figure 2 Load/displacement diagram 8 Test report The test report shall include at least the following information: a) number, date of issue and title of this European Standard; b) name a
42、nd address of laboratory performing the test; c) date test performed; d) name, designation and description of fastening assembly, including individual components, tested; e) origin of test specimens; f) rail section used in test; g) load/displacement diagram; h) mean clamping force. This page delibe
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