1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 13432:2000 Incorporating corrigendum no. 1 Packaging Requirements for packaging recoverable through composting and biodegradation Test scheme and evaluation criteria for the final acceptance of packaging The European Standard EN 13432:2000 has the status of a British Standard
2、ICS 13.030.50; 55.040; 13.030.99; 55.020 BS EN 13432:2000 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Consumer Products and Services Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 December 2000 BSI 2007 ISBN 0 580
3、 36765 7 National foreword This British Standard was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of EN 13432:2000, incorporating corrigendum June 2005. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PKW/4, Packaging and the environment. A list of organizations represe
4、nted on PKW/4 can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. Amendments issued s
5、ince publication Amd. No. Date Comments 17016 Corrigendum No. 1 31 May 2007 Correction to text in A.3.1EUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEUROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM EN13432 September2000 ICS13.030.99;55.020 Englishversion PackagingRequirementsforpackagingrecoverablethrough compostingandbiodegradationTestschemeande
6、valuation criteriaforthefinalacceptanceofpackaging EmballageExigencesrelativesauxemballages valorisablesparcompostageetbiodgradation Programmedessaietcritresdvaluationdelacceptation finaledesemballages VerpackungAnforderungenandieVerwertungvon VerpackungendurchKompostierungundbiologischen AbbauPrfsc
7、hemaundBewertungskriterienfrdie EinstufungvonVerpackungen ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon4June2000. CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEurope an Standardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Uptodatelistsandbibliog
8、raphicalreferencesconcernings uchnational standardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheCentralSecretariatortoanyCENmember. ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytra nslation undertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedt
9、otheCentralSecretariathasthesamestatusast heofficial versions. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland,France,Germany,Greece, Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTAN
10、DARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG CentralSecretariat:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2000CEN Allrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.EN13432:2000E IncorporatingcorrigendumJune2005Page2 EN13432:2000 Contents Foreword
11、3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normativereferences 5 3 Termsanddefinitions. .5 4 Requirements .6 4.1 Controlofconstituents . 6 4.2 Assessment7 4.2.1 General7 4.2.2 Characterization.7 4.2.3 Biodegradability.7 4.2.4 Disintegration.7 4.2.5 Compostquality. 7 4.2.6 Recognizability.7 4.3 Exemptions.7 4.3.1
12、 Equivalentform. .7 4.3.2 Materialsofnaturalorigin. 8 4.4 Recordingofassessmentoutcome . 8 4.4.1 Checklist 8 4.4.2 Supportingdocumentation .8 4.5 Application8 5 Organizationofatestscheme. .8 6 Laboratorytestsonbiodegradability 9 7 Determinationofdisintegration. .9 8 Qualityofthefinalcompost 10 8.1 R
13、ationale.10 8.2 Determinationofnegativeeffect 10 AnnexA (normative) Evaluationcriteria 11 AnnexB (informative) Flowchartofevaluationoforganicrecoverabilityofpackaging13 AnnexC (informative) Recommendedformatforaconformityassessmentchecklist 18 AnnexD (informative) Prerequisitesandqualityofcompostfor
14、evaluatingcompostingofpackaging 19 AnnexE (normative) Determinationofecotoxiceffectstohigherplants 20 AnnexZ (informative)ClausesofthisEuropeanStandardaddressingessentialrequirementsorother provisions.21 Bibliography 22Page3 EN13432:2000 Foreword ThisEuropeanStandardhasbeenpreparedbyTechnicalCommitt
15、eeCEN/TC261“Packaging“,thesecretariatof whichisheldbyAFNOR. ThisEuropeanStandardhasbeenpreparedunderamandategiventoCENbytheEuropeanCommissionandthe EuropeanFreeTradeAssociation,andsupportsessentialrequirementsofEUDirective(s). ForrelationshipwithEUDirective(s),seeinformativeAnnexZ,whichisanintegralp
16、artofthisstandard. ThisstandardformsoneofaseriesofstandardsandreportspreparedunderMandateM200rev.3giventoCEN bytheEuropeanCommissionandtheEuropeanFreeTradeAssociationtosupporttheEuropeanCounciland ParliamentDirectiveonPackagingandPackagingWaste94/62/EC.Theprocedureforapplyingthisstandardin conjuncti
17、onwiththeothermandatedstandardsandreportsisspecifiedinEN13427. ThisstandardcontainsAnnexesAandEwhicharenormativeandAnnexesB,C,DandZwhichareinformative ThisEuropeanStandardshallbegiventhestatusofanationalstandard,eitherbypublicationofanidenticaltextor byendorsement,atthelatestbyMarch2001,andconflicti
18、ngnationalstandardsshallbewithdrawnatthelatestby March2001. AccordingtotheCEN/CENELECInternalRegulations,thenationalstandardsorganizationsofthefollowing countriesareboundtoimplementthisEuropeanStandard:Austria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland, France,Germany,Greece,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembo
19、urg,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Spain,Sweden, SwitzerlandandtheUnitedKingdom.Page4 EN13432:2000 Introduction TheDirectiveonPackagingandPackagingWaste(94/62/EC)definesrequirementsforpackagingtobeconsidered recoverable.Thisstandardamplifiestheserequirementswithrespecttoorganicrecovery.TheEuropeanStand
20、ard EN13427:2000providesaframeworkwithinwhichthisandfourotherstandardsmaybeusedtogethertosupporta claimthatapackagingisincompliancewiththeessentialrequirementsforpackagingtobeplacedonthemarket asrequiredbytheDirective. Thepurposeofpackagingisthecontainment,protection,handling,deliveryandpresentation
21、ofproducts.Organic recoveryofusedpackagingisoneofseveralrecoveryoptionswithintheoveralllifecycleofpackaging.Inorderto saveresourcesandminimisewaste,thewholesysteminwhichthepackagingtakespartshouldbeoptimised.This includespreventionaswellasreuseandrecoveryofpackagingwaste. ThisEuropeanStandardpresent
22、saframeworkforselfassessmenttodeterminewhethertherequirementsofthis standardhavebeenmet.ItsapproachissimilartothatofsystemsstandardssuchastheENISO9000and ENISO14000series. Organicrecoveryofpackagingandpackagingmaterials,whichincludesaerobiccompostingandanaerobic biogasificationofpackaginginmunicipal
23、orindustrialbiologicalwastetreatmentfacilitiesisanoptionforreducing andrecyclingpackagingwaste.Usingthesebiologicaltechnologies,theaimsoftheDirective94/62/ECofthe EuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilonPackagingandPackagingWaste(Brussels5December1994)inthis respectcanbemet.Page5 EN13432:2000 1Scope This
24、EuropeanStandardspecifiesrequirementsandprocedurestodeterminethecompostabilityandanaerobic treatabilityofpackagingandpackagingmaterialsbyaddressingfourcharacteristics: 1)biodegradability, 2) disintegrationduringbiologicaltreatment, 3) effectonthebiologicaltreatmentprocessand 4) effectonthequalityoft
25、heresultingcompost. Incaseofapackagingformedbydifferentcomponents,someofwhicharecompostableandsomeothernot,the packagingitself,asawholeisnotcompostable.However,ifthecomponentscanbeeasilyseparatedbyhand beforedisposal,thecompostablecomponentscanbeeffectivelyconsideredandtreatedassuch,onceseparated fr
26、omthenoncompostablecomponents. ThisEuropeanStandardcoversthecompostabilityofpackagingitselfbutdoesnotaddressregulationsthatmay existregardingthecompostabilityofanyresidualcontents. ThisEuropeanStandardmakesprovisionforobtaininginformationontheprocessingofpackagingincontrolled wastetreatmentplantsbut
27、doesnottakeintoaccountpackagingwastewhichmayendupintheenvironment, throughuncontrolledmeans,i.e.aslitter. TheessentialrelationshipbetweenthisEuropeanStandardandthefourother(mandated)EuropeanPackaging Standardsandone(mandated)CENReportisspecifiedinEN13427:2000. 2 Normativereferences ThisEuropeanStand
28、ardincorporatesbydatedorundatedreference,provisionsfromotherpublications.These normativereferencesarecitedattheappropriateplacesinthetextandthepublicationsarelistedhereafter.For datedreferences,subsequentamendmentstoorrevisionsofanyofthesepublicationsapplytothisEuropean Standardonlywhenincorporatedi
29、nitbyamendmentorrevision.Forundatedreferencesthelatesteditionofthe publicationreferredtoapplies. EN13193:2000, PackagingPackagingandtheenvironmentTerminology. EN13427:2000, PackagingandtheenvironmentRequirementsfortheuseofEuropeanstandardsinthefieldof packagingandpackagingwaste. .ISO 14851:1999, Det
30、erminationoftheultimateaerobicbiodegradabilityofplasticmaterialsinanaqueous mediumMethodbymeasuringtheoxygendemandinaclosedrespirometer. ISO14852:1999, Determinationoftheultimateaerobicbiodegradabilityofplasticmaterialsinanaqueousmedium Methodbyanalysisofevolvedcarbondioxide. ISO14855 : 1999, Determ
31、inationoftheultimateaerobicbiodegradabilityanddisintegrationofplasticmaterials undercontrolledcompostingconditionsMethodbyanalysisofevolvedcarbondioxide 3Terms and definitions Forthepurposesofthisstandard,thefollowingtermsanddefinitionsandthosegiveninEN13193:2000and EN13427:2000apply: 3.1 constituen
32、tofapackagingmaterial allpurechemicalmaterialsandsubstancesofwhichapackagingmaterialiscomposedPage6 EN13432:2000 3.2 packagingcomponent partofpackagingthatcanbeseparatedbyhandorbyusingsimplephysicalmeans 3.3 disintegration thephysicalfallingapartintoverysmallfragmentsofpackagingandpackagingmaterials
33、 3.4 ultimatebiodegradability breakdownofanorganicchemicalcompoundbymicroorganismsinthepresenceofoxygentocarbondioxide, waterandmineralsaltsofanyotherelementspresent(mineralization)andnewbiomassorintheabsenceof oxygentocarbondioxide,methane,mineralsaltsandnewbiomass 3.5 totaldrysolids amountofsolids
34、obtainedbytakingaknownamountoftestmaterialorcompostanddryingatabout105Cto constantweight 3.6 volatilesolids amountofsolidsobtainedbysubtractingtheresiduesofaknownamountoftestmaterialorcompostafter incinerationatabout550Cfromthetotaldrysolidscontentofthesamesample.Thevolatilesolidscontentisan indicat
35、ionoftheamountoforganicmatter. 4Requirements 4.1 Controlofconstituents Constituentsknowntobe,orexpectedtobecome,harmfultotheenvironmentduringthebiologicaltreatment process(seeclause8),inexcessofthelimitsgiveninAnnexA.1,shallnotbedeliberatelyintroducedinto packagingorpackagingmaterialsintendedtobedes
36、ignatedassuitablefororganicrecovery.Page7 EN13432:2000 4.2Assessment 4.2.1General Exceptasidentifiedinclause4.3,assessmentofthebiologicaltreatabilityofpackagingsandpackaging componentsshallincludethefollowing5assessmentproceduresasaminimum: characterization(see4.2.2); biodegradability(see4.2.3); dis
37、integrationincludingeffectsonthebiologicaltreatmentprocess(see4.2.4); compostquality(see4.2.5); recognizability (see 4.2.6). 4.2.2Characterization Eachpackagingmaterialunderinvestigationshallbeidentifiedandcharacterizedpriortotestingincludingatleast: informationon,andidentificationof,theconstituents
38、ofthepackagingmaterials; determinationofthepresenceofhazardoussubstances,e.g.heavymetals; determinationoftheorganiccarboncontent,totaldrysolidsandvolatilesolidsofthepackagingmaterialused forbiodegradationanddisintegrationtests. NOTE Inadditiontothechemicalcharacteristicsforvolatilesolids,passlevelsf
39、orheavymetalsarealsoprovidedastheir totalabsenceisnotpossible. 4.2.3Biodegradability Tobedesignatedasorganicallyrecoverable,eachpackaging,packagingmaterialorpackagingcomponentshall beinherentlyandultimatelybiodegradableasdemonstratedinlaboratorytests(clause6)andtothecriteriaand passlevelsgiveninAnne
40、xA.2. 4.2.4Disintegration Tobedesignatedasorganicallyrecoverable,eachpackaging,packagingmaterialorpackagingcomponentshall disintegrateinabiologicalwastetreatmentprocess(seeclause7)tothecriteriaandpasslevelsgiveninAnnex A.3,withoutanyobservablenegativeeffectontheprocess. 4.2.5 Compostquality Tobedesi
41、gnatedasorganicallyrecoverable,nopackagingorpackagingcomponentthereof,submittedtoa biologicalwastetreatmentprocess,shallberecordedashavinganegativeeffectonthequalityoftheresulting compost(seeclause8). 4.2.6Recognizability Thepackagingorpackagingcomponentwhichisintendedforenteringthebiowastestreammus
42、tberecognizable ascompostableorbiodegradablebytheenduserbyappropriatemeans. 4.3Exemptions 4.3.1 Equivalentform Apackagingmaterialdemonstratedtobeorganicallyrecoverableinaparticularform,shallbeacceptedasbeing organicallyrecoverableinanyotherformhavingthesameorasmallermasstosurfaceratioorwallthickness
43、.Page8 EN13432:2000 4.3.2 Materialsofnaturalorigin Chemicallyunmodifiedpackagingmaterialsandconstituentsofnaturalorigin,suchaswood,woodfibre,cotton fibre,starch,paperpulporjuteshallbeacceptedasbeingbiodegradablewithouttesting(seeclause6)butshallbe chemicallycharacterized(see4.2)andfulfilthecriteriafordisintegration(seeclause7)andcompostquality(see clause8). 4.4 Recordingofassessmentoutcome 4.4.1Check list Foreachpackagingtheresultofeachassessmentortestundertaken(asrequiredin4.2.1),shallb
