1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 13545:2002 Pallet superstructures Pallet collars Test methods and performance requirements The European Standard EN 13545:2002 has the status of a British Standard ICS 55.180.20 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBS EN 13545:2002 This British
2、 Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Consumer Products and Services Sector Policy and Strategy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 10 May 2002 BSI 10 May 2002 ISBN 0 580 39690 8 National foreword This British Standard i
3、s the official English language version of EN 13545:2002. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee PKW/5, Primary and transport packaging, to Subcommittee PKW/5/34, Pallets, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee
4、can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using t
5、he “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity fro
6、m legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of
7、 pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 21 and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEUROP
8、ENNE EUROPISCHENORM EN13545 April2002 ICS55.180.20 Englishversion PalletsuperstructuresPalletcollarsTestmethodsand performancerequirements SuperstructurespourpalettesRehaussespourpalettes Mthodesdessaietexigencesdeperformance PalettenaufbautenPalettenaufsetzrahmenPrfverfahren undLeistungsanforderung
9、en ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon30December2001. CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEurope an Standardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Uptodatelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcernings uchnational standard
10、smaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheManagementCentreortoanyCENmember. ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytra nslation undertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheManagementCentrehasthesamestatusasthe official v
11、ersions. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland,France,Germany,Greece, Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISC
12、HESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2002CEN Allrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.EN13545:2002EEN13545:2002(E) 2 Contents page Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope.5 2 Normativereferences 5 3 Conditioning.5 4 Apparatu
13、s .5 5 Procedure .5 6 Testing 6 6.1 General6 6.2 Bendingstiffnessandstrength 6 6.3 Tensiletestingofhingeandrivetjoint(notapplicabletopalletcollarswithrigid cornerbars) . .9 6.4 Shearloadingofsupportinglips 9 6.5 Loadtestingofstackedpalletcollars 11 7 Testreport . .17 8 Designation.17 9 Marking .18 A
14、nnexA (informative) CommonpalletcollardimensionsExamplesofpalletcollardesigns .19 AnnexB (normative) PlywoodMaterialrequirements21EN13545:2002(E) 3 Foreword ThisdocumentEN13545:2002hasbeenpreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC261“Packaging“, thesecretariatofwhichisheldbyAFNOR. ThisEuropeanStandardshallb
15、egiventhestatusofanationalstandard,eitherbypublicationofan identicaltextorbyendorsement,atthelatestbyOctober2002,andconflictingnationalstandardsshall bewithdrawnatthelatestbyOctober2002. AnnexAisinformative.AnnexBisnormative. AccordingtotheCEN/CENELECInternalRegulations,thenationalstandardsorganizat
16、ionsofthe followingcountriesareboundtoimplementthisEuropeanStandard:Austria,Belgium,CzechRepublic, Denmark,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands, Norway,Portugal,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandtheUnitedKingdom.EN13545:2002(E) 4 Introduction ThisEuropeanStandard
17、isintendedfornewandmainlyreusablepalletcollars,withacommonstandard heightof200mmand400mm.ThisEuropeanStandardisbasedonexistingnationalstandardsfor generalpurposepalletcollarsmadeoftimberandprimarilyvalidforsuchcollars.Followingrequirements byusers,anewcategoryforlighterloadshasbeenintroducedLightdut
18、ypalletcollars.Theseare requiredtopassalowertestrequirementthanthegeneralpurposepalletcollars. Alargeamountofknowledgeexistsfromalongexperienceintheuseofpalletcollars.Whereproduct standardsexist,itmaynotbenecessarytohaveverificationofperformancebytesting. AnnexAshowscommonlyuseddimensionsforreusable
19、generalpurposepalletcollars. AnnexBshowsthesuitableplywoodqualityforpalletcollars. Forpalletcollarsinothermaterials,strengthrequirementsaccordingtothisstandardcanbeusedbutit shouldbepresupposedthatsuchconstructionscanrequirespecialtestingorconditioning.EN13545:2002(E) 5 1Scope ThisEuropeanStandardsp
20、ecifiestestmethodsandperformancerequirementsforreusablewoodenand woodbasedpalletcollars.Therearetwocategoriesofconstruction: i) class1:generalpurposepalletcollars; ii) class2:lightdutypalletcollars. 2 Normativereferences ThisEuropeanStandardincorporatesbydatedorundatedreference,provisionsfromotherpu
21、blications.These normativereferencesarecitedattheappropriateplacesinthetext,andthepublicationsarelistedhereafter.For datedreferences,subsequentamendmentstoorrevisionsofanyofthesepublicationsapplytothisEuropean Standardonlywhenincorporatedinitbyamendmentorrevision.Forundatedreferencesthelatestedition
22、ofthe publicationreferredtoapplies(includingamendments). EN3142, PlywoodBondingqualityPart2:Requirements. ISO3130, WoodDeterminationofmoisturecontentforphysicalandmechanicaltests. prEN131831, RoundandsawntimberMethodofmeasurementofmoisturecontentPart1:Methodfor determiningmoisturecontentofapieceofsa
23、wntimber(Ovendrymethod). prEN131832, RoundandsawntimberMethodofmeasurementofmoisturecontentPart2:Methodfor determiningmoisturecontentofapieceofsawntimber(Electricalmethod). 3Conditioning 3.1 Atmanufacturingandtestingofwoodenpalletcollarsthemoisturecontentshallbe14%20%oftheweight ofthetimberintheanhy
24、drousstate.Inconnectionwiththetest,themoisturecontentofthetimbershallbe determinedbeforeandafterthetest. 3.2 Thetestingshallbecarriedoutatatemperatureof20C5C.Thepalletcollarsandthepalletsshallbe keptinthetestatmosphereforatleast48hbeforetesting. 4Apparatus 4.1 Testingmachinecapableofapplyingloadinve
25、rticaland/orhorizontaldirectionandwithameasuring accuracyof3%. 4.2 Theaccuracyofpositioningofcomponentsshallbewithin2mm. 4.3 Devicestohavethepalletssecuredfortest6.3and6.5. 4.4 Instrumentformeasuringdeformationwithanaccuracyof0,2mm. 4.5 DeterminationofmoisturecontentinaccordancewithISO3130,prEN13183
26、1andprEN131832. 5Procedure 5.1 Carryoutthetestseitherataconstantrateofloadingof(20,2)kN/min,orconstantspeedofthetesting machineloadingheadof(305)mm/min. 5.2 Inconnectionwiththetests,themoisturecontentofthetimbershallberecorded.EN13545:2002(E) 6 5.3 Thepalletcollarstestedshallbediscardedaftereverytes
27、t. 6Testing 6.1General Testsshallbeconductedasfollows: 1. bendingstiffnessandstrength; 2. tensiletestingofhingeandrivetjoint(notapplicabletopalletcollarswithrigidcornerbars); 3. shearloadingofsupportinglips; 4. loadtestingofstackedpalletcollars. 6.2Bendingstiffnessandstrength 6.2.1 Testselection Ben
28、dingstiffnessandstrengthtestsshallbeperformedontheappropriatetypeofpalletcollar: 1. rigidsidepalletcollars; 2. foldinghingedpalletcollars. 6.2.2 Test1aBendingstiffnessandstrengthRigidsidepalletcollars Threetestsshallbeperformedwithtestpiecestakenfromdifferentcollarsides. 6.2.3Apparatus Testarrangeme
29、ntaccordingtoFigure1a 6.2.4 Testingprocedure Apieceofacollarsideabout600mmlongisplacedflatandhorizontalonsupportsmovableinthelongside directionofthetestpiece. Withthesupportsparalleltwoforcesactingacrossthewholewidthofthetestpieceareappliedagainstthetest piece. Theforceistransferredtothetestpiecebyt
30、hehalfroundsteelprofilesof20mmdiameter. Theplanesurfaceshallbeturnedagainstthetestpiece.Thehalfroundsteelprofilesshallbesymmetrically placedwitharelativepositiontoeachotherof150mm. Theforceisincreasedcontinuouslyto: forsidesof200mm Generalpurposepalletcollars 3,22kN Lightdutypalletcollars 1,61kN for
31、sidesof400mm Generalpurposepalletcollars 6,44kN Lightdutypalletcollars 3,22kN Atthisforcethebendatthemiddleofthetestpieceismeasured.Theforceisthenincreaseduntilthetestpiece breaks.EN13545:2002(E) 7 Dimensionsinmillimetres 150 500 20 F 1 2 3 4 Key F=Force 1 Movablebearing 2 Testpiece 3 Loaddistributi
32、onplate 4 Halfroundsteel Figure1aTestingofbendingstiffnessandstrengthRigidside 6.2.5Performances requirements Forgeneralpurposecollarsataforceof3,22kNrespectively6,44kNthedeflectionatthecentreshallnotbe morethan8mm.Forlightdutycollarsthedeflectionatthecentreshallnotbemorethan8mmataforceof 1,61kNresp
33、ectively3,22kN. Thebreakingstrengthshallbefor: Generalpurposepalletcollars minimum6,44kN respectively12,88kN Lightdutypalletcollars minimum3,22kN respectively6,44kN 6.2.6 Test1bBendingstiffnessandstrengthtestCollarsidewithfoldinghinge Threetestsshallbeperformedwithtestpiecestakenfromdifferentcollars
34、ides. 6.2.7Apparatus TestarrangementsaccordingtoFigure1b. 6.2.8 Testingprocedure Apieceofacollarside,about600mmlong,isplacedflatandhorizontalwiththehingedownonsupportsmovable inthelongsidedirectionofthetestpiece. Withthesupportsparalleltwoforcesactingacrossthewholewidthofthetestpieceareappliedagains
35、tthetest piece. Theforceistransferredtothetestpiecebythehalfroundsteelprofilesof20mmdiameter.Theplanesurfaceshall besymmetricallyplacedatarelativedistanceof150mmwhateveristhemostsuitableforthedesignofthehinges.EN13545:2002(E) 8 Theforceisincreasedcontinuouslyto: forsidesof200mm Generalpurposepalletc
36、ollars 3,22kN Lightdutypalletcollars 1,61kN forsidesof400mm Generalpurposepalletcollars 6,44kN LightdutypalletCollars 3,22kN Atthisforcethedeflectionatthecentreofthetestpieceismeasured.Theforceisthenincreaseduntilthetest piecebreaks. Dimensionsinmillimetres 150 500 20 F 1 2 3 4 X X Key F=Force 1 Mov
37、ablebearing 2 Testpiece 3 Loaddistributionplate 4 Halfroundsteel Figure1bTestingofbendingstiffnessandstrengthCollarsidewithfoldinghinge 6.2.9Performance requirements Forgeneralpurposecollarsataforceof3,22kNrespectively6,44kNthedeflectionatthecentreshallnotbemore than8mm.Forlightdutycollarsthedeflect
38、ionatthecentreshallnotbemorethan8mmataforceof1,61kN respectively3,22kN. Thebreakingstrengthshallbefor: Generalpurposepalletcollars minimum6,44kN respectively12,88kN Lightdutypalletcollars minimum3,22kN respectively6,44kNEN13545:2002(E) 9 6.3Tensiletestingofhingeandrivetjoint(notapplicabletopalletcol
39、larswithrigidcornerbars) 6.3.1 Test2Tensiletestingofhingeandrivetjoint(notapplicabletopalletcollarswithrigidcorner bars) Threehingesshallbetested. 6.3.2Apparatus TestarrangementaccordingtoFigure2.Thepiecesofpalletcollarshallattestingbetorsionprooffastenedata minimumlengthof100mm,atdistanceof150mmfro
40、mthehingepin. Dimensionsinmillimetres 150 100 Figure2Tensiletestingofhingeandrivetjoint 6.3.3 Testingprocedure Twoadjacentcollarsidesarecutoff250mmto300mmfromhingeinbetweenviatherigidsteelgirder. Thecornerisfoldedoutinsuchawaythatthecollarsidesareinoneplane.Thehingeisloadedwithtensile forcesactingin
41、thecentrelinesofthecollarsides. 6.3.4Performance requirements Thehingetestedaccordingto6.2.3shallresistaforceof2kNfor200mmand4kNfor400mmgeneralpurpose palletcollarand1kNrespectively2kNforlightdutypalletcollars.Theresidualdeformationsoftheassemblyshall notexceed2mm(1,0mmperhingeflange). Thehingeorriv
42、etjointshallnotbreakbeforethetensileforcehasrisento6kNfora200mmand12kNfora 400mmgeneralpurposepalletcollarand3kNrespectively6kNforlightdutypalletcollars. 6.4Shearloadingofsupportinglips ThetestmaybeperformedoneitherawholecollarTest3,orapartialcollarTest3a. 6.4.1 Test3Shearloadingofsupportinglips 6.4
43、.2Apparatus TestarrangementaccordingtoFigure3,consistingof: 1. standardpalletmountedrigidlyatasolidhorizontalsupport; 2. palletcollar; 3. rigidsteelgirderwithawidthof100mmandalengthgreaterthanthecollarside. TopreventthepalletcollarfromraisingitshallbeloadedasindicatedinFigure3withadeadloadof100kg.EN13545:2002(E) 10 100kg 1 3 2 Key 1 Sideforce 2 Counterstayanchordevice 3 Deadloadof100kg Figure3Test3Testingofsupportinglipswithshearloading 6.4.3 Testingprocedure Thesideforceisapplied100mmab
