1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 13936:2014Workplace exposure Procedures for measuring achemical agent present as amixture of airborne particlesand vapour Requirementsand test methodsBS EN 13936:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 13936:2014.The U
2、K participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee EH/2/2, Work place atmospheres.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are res
3、ponsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 78057 8ICS 13.040.30Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandard
4、s Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2014.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 13936:2014EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 13936 January 2014 ICS 13.040.30 English Version Workplace exposure - Procedures for measuring a chemical agent present as a mi
5、xture of airborne particles and vapour - Requirements and test methods Exposition sur les lieux de travail - Mesurage de lagent chimique sous forme de mlange de particules ariennes et de vapeur - Exigences et mthodes dessai Exposition am Arbeitsplatz - Messung eines als Mischung aus luftgetragenen P
6、artikeln und Dampf vorliegenden chemischen Arbeitsstoffes - Anforderungen und Prfverfahren This European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 November 2013. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the st
7、atus of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French,
8、German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cro
9、atia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
10、United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No.
11、 EN 13936:2014 EBS EN 13936:2014EN 13936:2014 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 4 Introduction .5 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Terms and definitions .6 4 Requirements .7 4.1 General 7 4.2 Sampler requirements .7 4.3 Pumps .7 4.4 Measurement procedure requirements for mixtures of airborne particle
12、s and vapour .7 4.4.1 Storage test 7 4.4.2 Expanded uncertainty .7 4.4.3 Method description 7 5 Test methods 8 5.1 Sample distribution between the collection substrate for airborne particles and the collection substrate for vapour 8 5.2 Compliance with EN 1076 .9 5.3 Storage 9 5.4 Uncertainty of the
13、 measurement . 10 5.4.1 Calculation of the combined standard uncertainty . 10 5.4.2 Calculation of the expanded uncertainty . 10 6 Test report . 10 Annex A (informative) Possible approaches to sample mixtures of airborne particles and vapour . 11 A.1 General . 11 A.2 Filter plus pumped sorbent tube
14、. 11 A.2.1 General . 11 A.2.2 Sampling flow rate 11 A.3 Reagent-impregnated sampling system 12 A.4 Transport and storage 12 Annex B (informative) Physical behaviour of a mixture of airborne particles and vapour . 13 B.1 Generation of a mixture of airborne particles and vapour . 13 B.2 Sampling of ch
15、emical agents having a vapour pressure of more than 100 Pa at room temperature (process temperature) 13 B.3 Sampling of chemical agents having a vapour pressure of more than 0,001 Pa and less than or equal to 100 Pa at room temperature 13 B.4 Sampling of chemical agents having a vapour pressure of l
16、ess than 0,001 Pa at room temperature . 15 Annex C (informative) Estimation of uncertainty of measurement . 16 C.1 Uncertainty components 16 C.2 Two collection substrates for airborne particles and vapour 16 BS EN 13936:2014EN 13936:2014 (E) 3 C.2.1 Sampled air volume and sampling efficiency. 16 C.2
17、.2 Sample storage 16 C.2.3 Effects of temperature and humidity . 16 C.2.4 Analysis 17 C.2.5 Bias of sample distribution between the collection substrate for airborne particles and the collection substrate for vapour (distribution bias) 17 C.2.6 Calculation of the relative combined uncertainty 17 C.2
18、.6.1 Samples analysed separately 17 C.2.6.1.1 General 17 C.2.6.1.2 Same sampling volume for airborne particles and vapour . 18 C.2.6.1.3 Different sampling volumes for airborne particles and vapour 18 C.2.6.1.4 Airborne particles or vapour collection substrate not analysed 19 C.2.6.2 Samples analyse
19、d together 19 C.3 One collection substrate for airborne particles and vapour . 19 C.3.1 General . 19 C.3.2 Sampling. 19 C.3.3 Analysis 19 C.3.4 Calculation of the relative combined standard uncertainty 20 Bibliography 21 BS EN 13936:2014EN 13936:2014 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 13936:2014) has
20、been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 137 “Assessment of workplace exposure to chemical and biological agents”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the
21、 latest by July 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2014. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all su
22、ch patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Mace
23、donia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 13936:2014EN 13936:2014 (E) 5 Introduction EN 482 specifies gen
24、eral requirements for the performance of procedures that methods for the measurement of the concentration of chemical agents in workplace atmospheres should meet. These performance criteria include maximum values of expanded uncertainty achievable under prescribed laboratory conditions for the metho
25、ds to be used. Chemical agents in workplace air are often present in both gaseous and non-gaseous phases at the same time and therefore validated methods are required that can measure the combined concentration of the chemical agent in both phases. Examples include: processes that generate aerosols
26、of volatile or semi-volatile liquids or solids such a paint spraying, metalworking with coolants and lubricants, acid pickling etc. and hot processes which generate vapours of chemical agents that are normally in the liquid or solid phase under ambient conditions, e.g. road surfacing with bitumen. F
27、or health-related sampling of mixed-phase aerosols, it is necessary to measure the mass concentration of the inhalable fraction of hazardous chemical agents, regardless of whether they are present as airborne particles or vapour. This generally means drawing air through two or more collection media
28、in series. If a chemical agent is collected in the form of airborne particles and it has a significant vapour pressure under ambient conditions, it will wholly or partly volatilise during sampling. Subsequently the resulting vapour needs to be collected so that the total mass of the chemical agent c
29、an be measured; the chemical agent can also be lost from the collected airborne particles after sampling if it is not stabilised. In some cases, it might also be necessary to measure the distribution of chemical agents between the particulate and vapour phases as well as the mass concentration of th
30、e inhalable fraction. For example, there can be compounds whose toxicology is known to differ significantly depending on whether they exist as airborne particles or vapour. In addition, control measures in the workplace can depend on which phase dominates. Exposure limits can be phase-specific. Howe
31、ver, the separate quantification of airborne particles and vapour is technically complex and subject to error using existing sampling technologies. For this reason, this European Standard is not applicable to methods that differentiate between the sampled airborne particles and vapour. BS EN 13936:2
32、014EN 13936:2014 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard specifies performance requirements and test methods for the evaluation of procedures for measuring a chemical agent present as a mixture of airborne particles and vapour in workplace air. This European Standard establishes general principles to e
33、nable developers and users of mixed-phase samplers and methods to adopt a consistent approach to method validation and provides a framework for the assessment of method performance in accordance with EN 482. Annex A of this European Standard gives guidance on possible approaches to sample mixtures o
34、f airborne particles and vapour and Annex B gives information about their physical behaviour. This European Standard is not applicable to methods that differentiate between the sampled airborne particles and vapour. This European Standard is not applicable to a chemical agent present in different ch
35、emical and physical forms (for example, mercury in the form of Hg (0) and Hg (II). 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For und
36、ated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 481, Workplace atmospheres - Size fraction definitions for measurement of airborne particles EN 482, Workplace exposure - General requirements for the performance of procedures for the measurement o
37、f chemical agents EN 1076, Workplace exposure - Procedures for measuring gases and vapours using pumped samplers - Requirements and test methods EN 1540:2011, Workplace exposure - Terminology prEN 13205-11, Workplace exposure Assessment of sampler performance for measurement of airborne particle con
38、centrations Part 1: General requirements EN 13890, Workplace exposure - Procedures for measuring metals and metalloids in airborne particles - Requirements and test methods EN ISO 13137, Workplace atmospheres - Pumps for personal sampling of chemical and biological agents - Requirements and test met
39、hods (ISO 13137) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1540:2011 and the following apply. 3.1 single component aerosol aerosol in which the airborne particles and vapour are composed of the same chemical agent 1) To be published. BS EN 13936
40、:2014EN 13936:2014 (E) 7 3.2 multiple component aerosol aerosol containing more than one chemical agent, each of which can be present in the form of airborne particles and/or vapour 3.3 vapour sampler pumped sampler or diffusive sampler that is used to collect vapour 4 Requirements 4.1 General Regar
41、dless of the combination of samplers used, the measurement procedure used shall comply with the requirements of EN 482 and with the requirements of EN 1076, EN ISO 13137, prEN 13205-1 and EN 13890, as appropriate. It is the responsibility of the manufacturer or of those who assemble mixed-phase samp
42、lers to ensure that the method complies with the requirements for expanded uncertainty under the specified laboratory conditions given in this document, including the environmental influences that can be expected to affect performance. 4.2 Sampler requirements Measurement procedures shall specify th
43、e use of a mixed-phase sampler designed to collect the inhalable fraction of airborne particles, as defined in EN 481, and vapours. The sampler shall comply with prEN 13205-1 and with the performance requirements for pumped samplers prescribed in EN 1076. The back pressure of the mixed-phase sampler
44、 shall not exceed the maximum values specified in EN ISO 13137. A mixed-phase sampler may comprise of an inhalable sampler in combination with one or more vapour samplers. In such circumstances, the dead volume of the sampling train shall be kept to a minimum and any connection shall be made of an i
45、nert material that does not retain the chemical agent of interest. NOTE When a mixed-phase sampler comprises a vapour sampler in combination with an inhalable sampler and there are flow rate compatibility issues, it is possible to split the air flow from the inhalable sampler through more than one v
46、apour sampler. 4.3 Pumps Measurement procedures shall specify the use of pumps complying with EN ISO 13137. 4.4 Measurement procedure requirements for mixtures of airborne particles and vapour 4.4.1 Storage test When tested in accordance with the procedure prescribed in 5.3, the mean analytical reco
47、very after storage shall be at least 90 %. 4.4.2 Expanded uncertainty The expanded uncertainty of the measurement procedure as a whole, including the measurement of airborne particles and vapour, shall comply with the requirements of EN 482. 4.4.3 Method description The method description shall cont
48、ain at least the following information: BS EN 13936:2014EN 13936:2014 (E) 8 a) a general description of the principles of the method, the approach followed to sample mixtures of airborne particles and vapour and any relevant assumptions; b) a detailed description and identification of the system com
49、ponents, including all collection substrates and, for commercial devices, the name of the manufacturer(s) and the product identification(s); c) if applicable, the recommended shelf life of the collection substrate(s); d) the design flow rate and the pressure drop across the mixed-phase sampler at the design flow rate; e) the recommended sampling time and, if applicable, the sampler capacity for a specific analyte; f) methods for handling, transport and storage of samples, including storage times; g) information on analytical methods to be applied and instructions as to
