1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 14011:2003 BS 6068-5.32: 2003 Water quality Sampling of fish with electricity The European Standard EN 14011:2003 has the status of a British Standard ICS 13.060.70; 65.150 BS EN 14011:2003 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Str
2、ategy Committee on 21 March 2003 BSI 21 March 2003 ISBN 0 580 41459 0 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 14011:2003. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee EH/3, Water quality, to Subcommittee EH/3/5, Biologica
3、l methods, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalog
4、ue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its corre
5、ct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests info
6、rmed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 16, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indic
7、ates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEUROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM EN14011 March2003 ICS13.060.70;65.150 Englishversion WaterqualitySamplingoffishwithelectricity QualitdeleauEchantillonnagedespoissons llectricit Wasserbesc
8、haffenheitProbenahmevonFischmittels Elektrizitt ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon5December2002. CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEurope an Standardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Uptodatelistsandbibliographic
9、alreferencesconcernings uchnational standardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheManagementCentreortoanyCENmember. ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytra nslation undertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheMana
10、gementCentrehasthesamestatusasthe official versions. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland,France,Germany,Greece, Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Slovakia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUn ited Kingdom. EUROPEANC
11、OMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2003CEN Allrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.EN14011:2003EEN14011:2003(E) 2 Contents page Foreword3 Introduction .
12、3 1 Scope 3 2 Normativereferences 4 3 Principle4 4 Equipment.6 5 Safetyaspectsandfishingprocedures. 7 6 Identificationandmeasurementsoffish,releaseofcatch . 9 7 Results 9 8 Qualityassuranceandqualitycontrol. 10 9 Report10 AnnexA (informative) Exampleofelectricfishingprotocol .13 Bibliography 16EN140
13、11:2003(E) 3 Foreword Thisdocument(EN14011:2003)hasbeenpreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC230“Wateranalysis”,the secretariatofwhichisheldbyDIN. ThisEuropeanStandardshallbegiventhestatusofanationalstandard,eitherbypublicationofanidenticaltextor byendorsement,atthelatestbySeptember2003,andconflictingna
14、tionalstandardsshallbewithdrawnatthe latestbySeptember2003. AnnexAisinformative. AccordingtotheCEN/CENELECInternalRegulations,thenationalstandardsorganizationsofthefollowing countriesareboundtoimplementthisEuropeanStandard:Austria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland, France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,
15、Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal, Slovakia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandtheUnitedKingdom. Introduction ThisisthefirstofseveralEuropeanStandardsdevelopedforevaluationofthecomposition,abundanceand diversityoffishinrivers,lakesandcoastalwaters.OtherEuropeanStandardswilld
16、escribesamplingoffishwithgill netsandguidanceonthescopeandselectionoffishsamplingmethods. Ifusedproperlyelectricfishingisconsideredtobeharmlesstothefish.However,irreversibledamagecanbe inflictedonfishthatareexposedtoelectricity.Therefore,thewellbeingofthefishandtheavoidanceofdamage throughhandlingsh
17、ouldbeconsidered. WARNINGPersonsusingthisstandardshouldbefamiliarwithnormallaboratoryandfieldworkpractice. Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyproblems,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itis theresponsibilityoftheusertoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesandtoensurecompliance withanyna
18、tionalregulatoryconditions. 1Scope ThisEuropeanStandardprovidessamplingprocedureswithelectricityprocedurestobeusedbytrainedpersonsin evaluatingfishcommunitiesinstreams,riversandlittoralareasforthepurposeofclassificationofecologicalstatus. Theseproceduresallowstandardisationofsamplingmethodsfordescri
19、ptionsoffishcommunities.Theuseof standardisedmethodsisacriticalrequirementforthecomparabilityofresults. ThisEuropeanStandarddescribesanelectricfishingmethodtobeusedwhencatchingfishforthepurposeof characterisingcomposition,abundanceandagestructureofagivenfishcommunity.Samplingrelatedissues includeobt
20、ainingpermissions,concernsaboutendangeredspecies,protectivemeasuresofimportanceforthe userofthesamplingapparatusandcoordinationofactivitieswithothersamplingprogrammes. Theprocessingofsamplescoverstaxonomicidentification,counting,measurementofbiologicparameters(length, weightetc.),andexaminationoffis
21、hforexternalanomalies.EN14011:2003(E) 4 2 Normativereferences ThisEuropeanStandardincorporatesbydatedorundatedreference,provisionsfromotherpublications.These normativereferencesarecitedattheappropriateplacesinthetext,andthepublicationsarelistedhereafter.For datedreferences,subsequentamendmentstoorre
22、visionsofanyofthesepublicationsapplytothisEuropean Standardonlywhenincorporatedinitbyamendmentorrevision.Forundatedreferencesthelasteditionofthe publicationreferredtoapplies(includingamendments). EN256671:1993,Water qualitySamplingPart1: Guidance on the design of sampling programmes (ISO56671:1980)
23、. IEC60335286, SafetyofhouseholdandsimilarelectricalappliancesPart286:Particularrequirementsfor electricfishingmachines . 3Principle 3.1General Itshallberecognisedthatthesamplingstrategytobeadoptedshallprovideinformationonthecurrentstatusofthe fishcommunityhealthatagivensite.Theselectionofsamplingsi
24、tes(numberandsize)isofgreatimportancefor theevaluationofthecollecteddata.AsageneralguidanceEN256671 shallbeconsulted,andformoredetailed guidanceonfishsamplingmethodsforthcomingstandardson Samplingoffishwithgillnets andon Guidanceon thescopeandselectionoffishsamplingmethods areavailable. 3.2 Fishsamp
25、ling Correctlyobtainedsamplingdataaredirectlyrelatedtopopulationdensity.Thestrategyshallbetosamplea definedareaofriver(seeTable2)usingappropriatefishingequipment(clause4),safetyprecautions(5.1)and procedures(5.2,clause6)usingqualifiedpersonnel(clause8)toprovideestimatesof: Fish abundance; Species co
26、mposition; Populationstructures(ageorsize). Abundanceinthiscontextcanbeeitherarelativeoranabsolutemeasureofassessmentbasedonasingleelectric fishingrunofaknownareaofwater.Wherepracticalorappropriatemultiplefishingoftheknownareashallbe carriedouttoassesstheefficiencyofthesamplingefforttoobtainabsolute
27、estimatesofpopulationdensity. Toensurerepeatability,fishingeffort,fishingequipmentandfishingprotocolsshallbethesameoneachsampling atthesamesite.ThelocationofthesamplingsiteshallbeidentifiedusingGPSorusingreferencetoabsolute markers( e.g. XmdownstreamofXXXbridge).Photographicdocumentationofthesamplin
28、gsiteisrecommended. Whenchangingequipment,comparativeresultswitholdandnewequipmentshallbegenerated,tomakeit possibletocomparenewandolddata. 3.3 Numberandsizeofsamplingsites Dependingonthepurposeofthestudy( i.e.assessingabundanceandagestructureforatargetpopulationwithina riverbasinorassessingthespeci
29、escomposition,abundanceandagestructureofafishcommunityforagiven site)twodifferentsamplingstrategies(3.3.1or3.3.2)canbeused. 3.3.1 Abundanceandagestructureofpopulations Toensurethatconclusionsonabundanceandagestructurearevalidforthetargetpopulation(s),asufficient numberofsites(n)shallbeincluded.Thisn
30、umberdependsonthespatialvariationamongsitesandwhether assessingtemporaltrendsorcomparisonsbetweenpopulationsisthemainaim.ThespatialvariationisexpressedEN14011:2003(E) 5 asthecoefficientofvariationCV=(standarddeviationamongsites)/(populationmean)forabundance(fish/site). Forcomparisonsamongpopulations
31、,theminimumnumberofsites(n)fordifferentCVsrequiredisgivenin Table1. Table1Minimumnumberofsamplingsites Coefficientofvariation(CV) Minimumnumberofsites(n) 0,2 3 0,4 4 0,6 9 0,8 16 TheCVcanbedeterminedfromapilotstudyorfromdatafromsimilarpopulations.Fordeterminationoftemporal trendsfewersitesmayberequi
32、red. Theselectionofsitesshallberepresentativeofhabitats/biomeswithinthewatershed.Riverswithhigh environmentalstress,wherenooronlyafewspecimenarecaughtonseveralofthesamplingsites,haveahigh CV,and,therefore,anincreasednumberofsitesisrequiredtogiveagoodestimateofabundancesandage structuresofthespeciesp
33、resent.Dueconsiderationshallalsobegiventoeaseofaccessandsafetyofoperational personnel. Thetimingofsamplingshallbelinkedtoanunderstandingofthelifehistorystrategiesofthetargetspecies.In mostcircumstancessamplingshallbecarriedouttowardstheendofthegrowingseasonwhenjuvenilesareofa sufficientlylargesizeto
34、becaughtbyelectricfishing.However,electricfishingshallnotbemadeattemperatures below5 C,becauseofreducedfishactivityandreducedsamplingefficiency.Atlowwatertemperatures successive(removal)samplingsfromthesamearea(e.g.Zippin,1958)mayactuallygivehighercatchesinthe secondcomparedwiththefirstsampling. Sub
35、sequentsamplingofaparticularsiteshallbecarriedoutatthesametimeofyearandundersimilarflow conditions. Allsamplingshallbedoneindaylighthours.Theareaoftherivertobesampledisdependentuponwidth,water depth,andhabitatvariation.TheminimumlengthtobesampledforvariouswatersisgiveninTable2. Table2Minimumoflength
36、tobesampled Riverdimension Minimumoflengthtobesampled Smallstream,width15m 50mofrivermargineitherononesideoronbothsides Largeshallowwater,waterdepth50moflittoralzone Insmallwadableriverswithhighdensitiesofsmallfish(whichisoftenthecaseinwidesalmonspawningstreams) asmallerlengthmaybesufficient.Asaroug
37、hguidanceitisenoughtocatch200fish,butthetotalsampledarea shallbeatleast100m 2 .EN14011:2003(E) 6 3.3.2 Assessingfishspeciescomposition,abundanceandagestructureforagivensite Dependingonriverwidthanddepth,twodifferentsamplingmethodscanbeused.Whenitispossible(smallrivers) eachsiteissampledbywading.Inde
38、eperlargerivers,samplingshallbeundertakenbyboat(usuallyinnearshore areas).Inallcases,thesizeofthesampleshallbesufficienttoincludethehomerangeofthedominantfish species,andencompassingcompletesetsofthecharacteristicriverform( e.g.pools,riffles,runs)toensureagood representativityofthefishcommunity.Conc
39、erningtheminimumlengthtobesampled,areviewofavailable literatureshowsthat,becauseofthevariabilityamongstreamsandriverswithinandamongregions,inorderto ensureaccuratecharacterisationofafishcommunityatagivensiteelectricfishingshallbeconductedoverstream (orriver)lengthsofatleast20timesthestream(orriver)w
40、idth(Angermeier&Karr1986,Angermeier&Smogor 1995,Simonson&Lyons1995,Yoder&Smith1998).Inriverswithgradientsinwatercurrencyacrosstheriver channel(especiallyfastrunningrivers)itisimportanttosampletheentirewidthofthesamplingsite,orasmuchof itthatispossible.Forverylargerivers(30mwide),whereitisalreadyknow
41、nthatthefishcommunityisuniform, alengthof10timestheriverwidthmaybesufficient. 4Equipment 4.1 Generalequipmentandmaterials Clothing:Anypartoftheoperatorslikelytocomeintocontactwiththeelectricfieldshallbeprotectedbytheuseof appropriatewaterproof,electricallynonconductiveclothing.Adequateprotectionfrom
42、climaticconditions(e.g. warmclothesincoldweather)andnoisefromthegenerator(earprotection)shallbewornifappropriate. 4.1.1Lifejacket Lifejacketshallbewornasbuoyancyaidwhenwadinginwaterdeeperthankneedepthandwhensamplingfrom boats(EN396:1994).Theuseofalifejacketisanobligationinsomecountries. 4.1.2Nets Ne
43、tsshallhavehandlesmadefromnonconductivematerial.Meshusedonnetsshallbeknotless(forfishwelfare reasons). 4.1.3 Fishcontainers Fishcontainersshallbeofanadequatesizeforthewelfareofthenumberoffishplacedinthem.Oxygenationcan beusedifappropriate.Containerslikelytocomeintocontactwithelectricfieldsshallbemadefromelectricallynon conductingmaterial. 4.1.4 Communicationequipment Communicationequipment( e.g.mobilet
