1、Electrochemical realkalization and chloride extraction treatments for reinforced concretePart 1: RealkalizationBS EN 14038-1:2016BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS EN 14038-1:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implem
2、entation of EN 14038-1:2016. It supersedes DD CEN/TS 14038-1:2004 which is withdrawn.BSI, as a member of CEN, is obliged to publish EN 14038-1 as a British Standard. However, attention is drawn to the fact that during the development of this European Standard, the UK committee voted against its appr
3、oval.The UK committee is concerned that the standard is insufficiently rigorous in respect of the: requirements to uniformly deliver charge to all areas being treated; assessment of adequacy of charge delivered to all areas treated; control of process parameters during application of the technique;
4、clarity with which the criteria of adequate treatment is detailed.Further commentary from the UK committee on the application of EN 14038-1:2016 can be found in National Annex NA.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee GEL/603, Cathodic protection.A list of organ
5、izations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI Standards Limited 20
6、16ISBN 978 0 580 81880 6ICS 91.080.40Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affec
7、tedEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 14038-1 March 2016 ICS 91.080.40 Supersedes CEN/TS 14038-1:2004English Version Electrochemical realkalization and chloride extraction treatments for reinforced concrete - Part 1: RealkalizationRalcalinisation lectrochimique et traitements dextr
8、action des chlorures applicables au bton arm - Partie 1: Ralcalinisation Elektrochemische Realkalisierung und Chloridextraktionsbehandlungen fr Stahlbeton - Teil 1: Realkalisierung This European Standard was approved by CEN on 15 January 2016. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Int
9、ernal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to an
10、y CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official v
11、ersions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norwa
12、y, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2016 CEN All rights of exploi
13、tation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 14038-1:2016 EBS EN 14038-1:2016EN 14038-1:2016 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 4 Introduction 5 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Terms and definitions . 6 4 General 7 4.1 Quality management syst
14、ems . 7 4.2 Personnel . 7 5 Principle . 7 6 Assessment and repair of the structure 8 6.1 General 8 6.2 Review of records 8 6.3 Inspection 8 6.4 Carbonation depth measurement . 8 6.4.1 General 8 6.4.2 Determination of chloride content . 8 6.5 Concrete cover thickness and reinforcement location measur
15、ements . 9 6.6 Alkali aggregate reaction . 9 6.7 Reinforcement continuity and size . 9 6.8 Repair 9 6.8.1 General 9 6.8.2 Concrete removal 9 6.8.3 Reinforcement preparation 9 7 Materials and apparatus 10 7.1 Calibration of instrumentation . 10 7.2 Anode system . 10 7.2.1 General . 10 7.2.2 Anode 10
16、7.2.3 Anode zone . 10 7.2.4 Alkaline electrolyte solution 10 7.3 Electric cables 10 7.4 Power supply . 11 8 Installation procedures . 11 8.1 Electrical continuity of reinforcement . 11 8.2 Performance monitoring . 11 8.3 Installation of anode system 11 8.4 Protection of electrolyte solution 12 8.5 E
17、lectrical installation 12 8.6 Preliminary testing and documentation . 12 9 Commissioning, operation and termination of treatment 12 9.1 Visual inspection 12 BS EN 14038-1:2016EN 14038-1:2016 (E) 3 9.2 Energizing and adjustment of current output 12 9.3 Routine inspection and maintenance 12 9.4 Realka
18、lization process monitoring 13 9.5 Termination of treatment 13 10 Final report . 13 11 Post-treatment coating and monitoring . 14 Bibliography . 15 BS EN 14038-1:2016EN 14038-1:2016 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 4 Introduction 5 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Terms and definitions .
19、6 4 General 7 4.1 Quality management systems . 7 4.2 Personnel . 7 5 Principle . 7 6 Assessment and repair of the structure 8 6.1 General 8 6.2 Review of records 8 6.3 Inspection 8 6.4 Carbonation depth measurement . 8 6.4.1 General 8 6.4.2 Determination of chloride content . 8 6.5 Concrete cover th
20、ickness and reinforcement location measurements . 9 6.6 Alkali aggregate reaction . 9 6.7 Reinforcement continuity and size . 9 6.8 Repair 9 6.8.1 General 9 6.8.2 Concrete removal 9 6.8.3 Reinforcement preparation 9 7 Materials and apparatus 10 7.1 Calibration of instrumentation . 10 7.2 Anode syste
21、m . 10 7.2.1 General . 10 7.2.2 Anode 10 7.2.3 Anode zone . 10 7.2.4 Alkaline electrolyte solution 10 7.3 Electric cables 10 7.4 Power supply . 11 8 Installation procedures . 11 8.1 Electrical continuity of reinforcement . 11 8.2 Performance monitoring . 11 8.3 Installation of anode system 11 8.4 Pr
22、otection of electrolyte solution 12 8.5 Electrical installation 12 8.6 Preliminary testing and documentation . 12 9 Commissioning, operation and termination of treatment 12 9.1 Visual inspection 12 BS EN 14038-1:2016EN 14038-1:2016 (E) 3 9.2 Energizing and adjustment of current output 12 9.3 Routine
23、 inspection and maintenance 12 9.4 Realkalization process monitoring 13 9.5 Termination of treatment 13 10 Final report . 13 11 Post-treatment coating and monitoring . 14 Bibliography . 15 BS EN 14038-1:2016EN 14038-1:2016 (E) 4 European foreword This document (EN 14038-1:2016) has been prepared by
24、Technical Committee CEN/TC 219 “Cathodic protection”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2016, and conflicting national standards sh
25、all be withdrawn at the latest by September 2016. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes CEN/TS 1403
26、8-1:2004. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, F
27、rance, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 14038-1:2016EN 14038-1:2016 (E) 5 Introduction The purpose of realkaliz
28、ation is to provide long-term corrosion protection of steel reinforcement in concrete, which has become carbonated. There are other electrochemical procedures, which can be used to provide corrosion protection of steel in concrete structures. These include cathodic protection and chloride extraction
29、. There are a European Standard for cathodic protection of steel in concrete (EN ISO 12696) and a Technical Specification for electrochemical chloride extraction (CEN/TS 14038-2). The execution of the provisions of this standard should be carried out by appropriately qualified and competent people,
30、for whose use it has been prepared. BS EN 14038-1:2016EN 14038-1:2016 (E) 4 European foreword This document (EN 14038-1:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 219 “Cathodic protection”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a nati
31、onal standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2016. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
32、patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes CEN/TS 14038-1:2004. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this
33、European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia,
34、 Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 14038-1:2016EN 14038-1:2016 (E) 5 Introduction The purpose of realkalization is to provide long-term corrosion protection of steel reinforcement in concrete, which has become carbonated. There are other electrochemical proce
35、dures, which can be used to provide corrosion protection of steel in concrete structures. These include cathodic protection and chloride extraction. There are a European Standard for cathodic protection of steel in concrete (EN ISO 12696) and a Technical Specification for electrochemical chloride ex
36、traction (CEN/TS 14038-2). The execution of the provisions of this standard should be carried out by appropriately qualified and competent people, for whose use it has been prepared. BS EN 14038-1:2016EN 14038-1:2016 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a procedure for carrying out impress
37、ed current electrochemical realkalization (ER) of carbonated reinforced concrete in existing structures. It is applicable to atmospherically exposed parts of structures with ordinary reinforcement embedded in concrete. This European Standard does not apply to concrete containing prestressing steel w
38、hich can suffer hydrogen embrittlement during realkalization, or to concrete containing epoxy-coated or galvanized reinforcement, or if chloride contamination is contributing to reinforcement corrosion. NOTE In case of post-tensioned prestressing concrete, the endangered tendon strands may be shield
39、ed by the tendon ducts from unwanted and/ or exceeded polarization into the cathodic range and respective water reduction. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references,
40、 only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1504-9, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures - Definitions, requirements, quality control and evaluation of conformity -
41、Part 9: General principles for the use of products and systems EN 14629, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures - Test methods - Determination of chloride content in hardened concrete EN 14630, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structur
42、es - Test methods - Determination of carbonation depth in hardened concrete by the phenolphthalein method CEN/TS 14038-2, Electrochemical re-alkalization and chloride extraction treatments for rein-forced concrete - Part 2: Chloride extraction EN ISO 8044, Corrosion of metals and alloys - Basic term
43、s and definitions (ISO 8044) EN ISO 12696:2012, Cathodic protection of steel in concrete (ISO 12696:2012) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 8044 and the following apply. 3.1 realkalization electrochemical treatment for restoring alka
44、linity to concrete which surrounds reinforcing bars with a high pH pore solution corresponding to sound and non-carbonated concrete BS EN 14038-1:2016EN 14038-1:2016 (E) 7 4 General 4.1 Quality management systems The design, the installation, the energising, the commissioning, the long-term operatio
45、n of all elements of electrochemical realkalization systems for steel in concrete shall be fully documented. NOTE EN ISO 9000 constitutes a suitable Quality Management Systems Standard which can be utilized. Each element of the work shall be undertaken in accordance with a fully documented quality p
46、lan. Each stage of the design shall be checked and the checking shall be documented. Each stage of the installation, energising, commissioning and operation shall be the subject of appropriate visual, mechanical and/or electrical testing and all testing shall be documented. All test instrumentation
47、shall have valid calibration certificates traceable to national or European Standards of calibration. The documentation shall constitute part of the permanent records for the works. 4.2 Personnel Each aspect of the ER system design, installation, testing of the installation, energising, commissionin
48、g and long-term operational control shall be under the supervision of personnel with appropriate qualification, training, expertise and experience in the particular element of the work for which they are responsible. NOTE ER of steel in concrete is a specialist multidiscipline activity. Expertise is
49、 required in the fields of electrochemistry, concrete technology, civil and/or structural engineering and cathodic protection engineering. Personnel who undertake the design, supervision of installation, commissioning, supervision of operation, measurements, monitoring and supervision of maintenance of cathodic protection systems shall have the appropriate level of competence for the tasks undertaken. EN 15257 constitutes a suitable method of assessing Competence of Cathodic Protection Personnel which may be utilized for ER as well as cathodic protection. Competence o
