1、BS EN 14151:2010ICS 59.080.70; 91.100.50NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDGeosynthetics Determination of burststrengthThis British Standardwas published under theauthority of the StandardsPolicy and StrategyCommittee on 31 July 2010 BSI 2010ISBN 97
2、8 0 580 60736 3Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS EN 14151:2010National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 14151:2010.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee B/553, Geotextiles and geomembranes.A list of organiz
3、ations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.BS
4、 EN 14151:2010EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 14151 June 2010 ICS 59.080.70; 91.100.50 English Version Geosynthetics - Determination of burst strength Gosynthtiques - Dtermination de la rsistance lclatement Geokunststoffe - Bestimmung der Berstdruckfestigkeit This European Stand
5、ard was approved by CEN on 12 May 2010. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such
6、 national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language
7、 and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuan
8、ia, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2010 CEN
9、 All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 14151:2010: EBS EN 14151:2010EN 14151:2010 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 31 Scope 42 Normative references 43 Terms and definitions .44 Principle 45 Apparatus .45.1 General 45.2 Cell 55.3
10、Deflection measurement .55.4 Pressure measurement .65.5 Volume control .66 Specimens 67 Conditioning .68 Procedure .68.1 General 68.2 Volume control .78.3 Diaphragm correction .79 Calculations 710 Test report 9Bibliography . 10BS EN 14151:2010EN 14151:2010 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 14151:2010
11、) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 189 “Geosynthetics”, the secretariat of which is held by NBN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2010, and conflicting natio
12、nal standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2010. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has bee
13、n prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cr
14、oatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 14151:2010EN 14151:2
15、010 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of bi-axial properties (burst strength) of geosynthetics. This method applies to geotextiles, geosynthetic barriers and their related products. It applies to clay geosynthetic barriers only when tested in dry condition
16、s. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 10318:2005, Geos
17、ynthetics Terms and definitions (ISO 10318:2005) ISO 554, Standard atmospheres for conditioning and/or testing Specifications 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 10318:2005 apply. 4 Principle A circular specimen, clamped around its edg
18、e, is subjected to a gradually increasing normal hydraulic stress, with a constant rate of increase of volume, until rupture occurs. The main parameters measured during the test are the hydraulic pressure under the specimen and the deflection of the specimen. For geotextiles, dry clay geosynthetic b
19、arriers and products with apertures, e.g. geogrids, it is necessary to use an appropriately thin, impermeable and deformable membrane (diaphragm) under the specimen. If any composite material comprises an impermeable layer it is not necessary to use a diaphragm in the tests. 5 Apparatus 5.1 General
20、The equipment is composed of: a test cell with two parts; a deflection measuring device; a pressure measuring device; a means of controlling flow rate An example is shown in Figure 1. BS EN 14151:2010EN 14151:2010 (E) 5 Dimensions in millimetres Key 1 air 2 pneumatic servovalve 3 computer 4 displace
21、ment sensor 5 water vessel 6 specimen 7 clamping ring 8 pressure transducer 9 base Figure 1 Example of testing apparatus 5.2 Cell The cell is composed of a base and a clamping ring. The inner diameter (D) of the ring, shall be (200 2) mm. This diameter is the effective diameter of the tested specime
22、n. The lower inner edge of the clamping ring shall be rounded (approximately a 3 mm radius). The bottom (base) of the cell, maintained horizontally, can be either flat or recessed with a liquid inlet at its centre. The cell shall be designed so that no essential deformation occurs under the applied
23、pressure. The clamping device shall be designed in order to avoid any slippage of the specimen during the test. Clamping shall not damage the specimen. 5.3 Deflection measurement The deflection of the centre of the specimen is measured with a deflection measuring device. Any measuring method meeting
24、 the following criteria is acceptable: ability to measure deflection up to the diameter of the cell; BS EN 14151:2010EN 14151:2010 (E) 6 an accuracy of 0,5 mm; creation of negligible stress on the specimen. This measurement is used to calculate the deformation of the specimen. 5.4 Pressure measureme
25、nt A pressure measuring device with an accuracy of 1 % shall be used to measure the liquid pressure in the cell. The temperature of the liquid shall be (20 2) C and shall be maintained constant during the test. 5.5 Volume control The equipment shall allow control of the incoming liquid flow. 6 Speci
26、mens Five specimens shall be cut from the test sample. They shall be clean and without any visible defects. Clay geosynthetic barriers may only be tested in dry condition. NOTE If the surface of the specimen is rough, it can be necessary to smooth the clamping area in order to ensure a perfect seal.
27、 7 Conditioning The test specimens shall be conditioned and the test performed in the standard atmosphere for testing as defined in ISO 554 (20 2) C and (65 5) % relative humidity). The specimens can be considered to have been conditioned when the change in mass in successive weightings made at inte
28、rvals of not less than 2 h does not exceed 0,25 % of the mass of the test specimen. Conditioning and/or testing in standard atmosphere may only be omitted when it can be shown that results obtained for the same specific type of product (both structure and polymer type) are not affected by changes in
29、 temperature and humidity exceeding the limits. 8 Procedure 8.1 General If the cell is not flat, fill the base up to its flange with liquid. Put the specimen on the base of the cell and, if necessary, put the thin membrane (diaphragm) under it. NOTE The mechanical properties of the thin membrane in
30、theory should not affect the measurements. Its bi-axial mechanical strength should be negligible compared with the tested geosynthetic. However, the influence of the membrane should be taken into account for calculations. If the cell is flat, apply a little vacuum under the specimen before clamping.
31、 Place the deflection measuring device in the centre of the specimen. If the specimen is not flat, the zero deflection is determined by the level of the lower face of the clamping ring. Non-spherical or non-symmetrical deformation, e.g. as it occurs with anisotropic materials, shall be reported. BS
32、EN 14151:2010EN 14151:2010 (E) 7 The test is not valid if the specimen breaks at the edge of the clamping ring. 8.2 Volume control The test is conducted with an incoming liquid flow rate of 3 cm3/s. Ensure no slippage or fluid leakage has occurred around the perimeter of the clamp. 8.3 Diaphragm cor
33、rection With the same rate of liquid flow as employed in the tests, distend the diaphragm (without the presence of the specimen) and note the pressure required to distend it by an amount equal to the average distension of the specimens. This pressure is the “diaphragm correction”. 9 Calculations Str
34、ain and stress calculations are based on the following assumptions (see also Figure 2): spherical deformation; constant and uniform thickness of the specimen. Geometrical considerations lead to: HDHR24+=22(1) where D is the inner diameter of the cell (in m); H is the deflection of the specimen at th
35、e centre (in m); R is the radius of the sphere (in m); =RHRArccos (2) where H is the deflection of the specimen at the centre point (in m); R is the radius of the sphere (in m); is the half-angle of the portion of circle (in radians). The strain is: BS EN 14151:2010EN 14151:2010 (E) 8 = 12100DR (3)
36、where is the strain (in %); D is the inner diameter of the cell (in m); R is the radius of the sphere (in m); is the half-angle of the portion of circle (in radians). The stress in the specimen is: ePR2= (4) where is the stress (in kPa); e is the initial thickness of the specimen (in m); P is the pr
37、essure under the specimen (kPa). NOTE Where a diaphragm has been used in the tests, P should be the recorded pressure minus the diaphragm correction. Key H deflection of the centre point, in metres half-angle of the position o f circle, in radians R radius of the sphere, in metres D inner diameter o
38、f the cell, in metres Figure 2 Measurements and geometrical considerations BS EN 14151:2010EN 14151:2010 (E) 9 10 Test report The test report shall include the following information: a) the number and year of publication of this European Standard; b) if applicable, the description of the impermeable
39、 material (diaphragm) used, and the diaphragm correction; c) the identification of the sample, date of receipt and date of testing; d) the thickness of the specimen; e) the side placed in contact with the fluid (if any visible difference); f) the fluid temperature; g) mean values and standard deviat
40、ions of stress and strain at rupture; h) any observations made during the test (such as shape of the deformation); i) any deviation from this procedure. BS EN 14151:2010EN 14151:2010 (E) 10 Bibliography 1 EN 1849-1, Flexible sheets for waterproofing Determination of thickness and mass per unit area
41、Part 1: Bitumen sheets for roof waterproofing 2 EN 1849-2, Flexible sheets for waterproofing Determination of thickness and mass per unit area Part 2: Plastic and rubber sheets 3 EN ISO 9863-1, Geosynthetics Determination of thickness at specified pressures Part 1: Single layers (ISO 9863-1:2005) 4
42、EN ISO 9863-2, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products Determination of thickness at specified pressures Part 2: Procedure for determination of thickness of single layers of multilayer products (ISO 9863-2:1996) BS EN 14151:2010This page has been intentionally left blank BS EN14151:2010BSI Group
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