1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 14196:2016Geosynthetics Test methodsfor measuring mass per unitarea of clay geosyntheticbarriersBS EN 14196:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 14196:2016. Itsupersedes BS EN 14196:2003 which is withdrawn.The UK pa
2、rticipation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee B/553, Geosynthetics.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for i
3、ts correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 87280 8ICS 59.080.70; 91.100.50Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards P
4、olicy and Strategy Committee on 29 February 2016.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 14196:2016EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORMEN 14196 February 2016 ICS 59.080.70; 91.100.50 Supersedes EN 14196:2003English Version Geosynthetics - Test methods for measuring ma
5、ss per unit area of clay geosynthetic barriers Gosynthtiques - Mthodes dessai pour la dtermination de la masse surfacique des barrires gosynthtiques argileuses bentonitiques Geokunststoffe - Prfverfahren zur Bestimmung der flchenbezogenen Masse von geosynthetischen Tondichtungsbahnen This European S
6、tandard was approved by CEN on 19 December 2015. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concer
7、ning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into
8、 its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Ge
9、rmany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE
10、FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 14196:2016 EBS EN 14196:2016EN 14196:2016 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 3 1 Scope 4 2 Normat
11、ive references 4 3 Terms and definitions . 4 4 Principle . 4 5 Apparatus . 4 5.1 Balances 4 5.2 Die or template 4 5.3 Miscellaneous . 4 6 Procedure. 5 7 Calculation . 5 8 Test Report 6 Annex A (normative) Test method for the determination of the mass per unit area of the synthetic component . 7 A.1
12、Apparatus . 7 A.1.1 Oven . 7 A.1.2 Blowing or suction apparatus . 7 A.1.3 Balances 7 A.2 Procedure. 7 A.3 Calculation . 7 BS EN 14196:2016EN 14196:2016 (E) 3 European foreword This document (EN 14196:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 189 “Geosynthetics”, the secretariat of which
13、is held by NBN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2016. Attention is drawn to the possibili
14、ty that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 14196:2003. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organiz
15、ations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Ma
16、lta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 14196:2016EN 14196:2016 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard describes a test method for the laboratory determination of the mass per unit area of a sample of cla
17、y geosynthetic barrier (GBR-C) in the condition as received. Since manufacturers quote mass per unit area at a given moisture content, it is necessary to measure the moisture content. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
18、 are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 9862, Geosynthetics - Sampling and preparation of test specimens (ISO 9862) EN ISO 10318-1, G
19、eosynthetics - Part 1: Terms and definitions (ISO 10318-1) ISO 11465, Soil quality Determination of dry matter and water content on a mass basis Gravimetric method 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 10318-1 and the following apply. 3.
20、1 moisture content part of the mass of a clay geosynthetic barrier that is absorbed water, expressed as a percentage of the mass of dry clay 4 Principle The mass per unit area is determined by weighing specimens of known dimensions cut from positions distributed over the full width of the sample in
21、accordance with EN ISO 9862 The moisture content of the clay component of the GBR-C is measured in accordance with ISO 11465. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Balances Balance of 0,01 g readability for specimens having a mass of up to 200 g. Balance of 0,1 g readability for specimens having a mass of 200 g or more.
22、5.2 Die or template Of known dimensions to a tolerance of 0,5 % either square with an edge length not less than 200 mm or circular with a diameter not less than 200 mm. 5.3 Miscellaneous Knives, spatulas, scoops, quartering cloth, sample splitters etc., as required. BS EN 14196:2016EN 14196:2016 (E)
23、 5 6 Procedure a) Cut a minimum of five specimens in accordance with EN ISO 9862 and either i) or ii) as follows: i) If a die is used to cut the specimen: reduce the loss of clay by leaving the die in place and removing all the remaining sample outside the edge of the die. This includes brushing the
24、 cutting board clean. Weigh all material found within the edge of the die along with the specimen. ii) If a template is used to cut the specimen: collect all clay lost from the edges and weigh 50 % of this with the specimen. NOTE 1 The loss of clay during the specimen cutting process can have a sign
25、ificant impact on the accuracy of this test method. b) Weigh the specimens NOTE 2 The mass per unit area of the clay component of the GBR-C is estimated by subtracting the manufacturers declared mass per unit area of the synthetic component(s) from the total GBR-C mass per unit area. The estimation
26、of the actual dry clay mass per unit area can be obtained by using the actual average value for the synthetic component(s) as obtained from the manufacturer for the actual lots used to make the GBR-C. c) If the mass per unit area of the geosynthetic component is not known with sufficient confidence,
27、 it shall be measured in accordance with Annex A. d) Determine the moisture content of the clay component wclayin accordance with ISO 11465. This can be done either on the bentonite from the manufactured GBR-C or on the bentonite used in the production if no water is added during the manufacturing p
28、rocess. 7 Calculation a) Calculate the mass per unit area of each of the specimens using the following formula: =GBR CGBR CmA(1) where: GBR-C= mass per unit area of the GBR-C specimen rounded to the nearest 10 g/m2; mGBR-C= mass of GBR-C specimen measured in g to the accuracy of the balance used (Re
29、fer to 5.1) A = area of specimen, in m2to the nearest 0,001 m2b) The mass per unit area of the clay component of the GBR-C is determined using the following formula: = CLAY GBR C SYN(2) where: CLAY= mass per unit area of clay component rounded to the nearest 10 g/m2; SYN= nominal mass per unit area
30、of GBR-C synthetic component(s), in g/m2, as provided by the manufacturer or as determined in accordance with Annex A. NOTE The synthetic component(s) may consist of woven or non-woven structures, of threads, or other materials attached, e.g. membrane, coating, lamination. BS EN 14196:2016EN 14196:2
31、016 (E) 6 c) The mass per unit area of the clay component normalized to a moisture content of 0 % of the GBR-C is determined using the following formula: =+CLAYCLAY0%CLAY( 100)/100w(3) where: wCLAY= percent moisture content of the clay component determined in accordance with ISO 11465 rounded to the
32、 nearest 0,1 %. 8 Test Report Report the following information on mass per unit area of GBR-Cs: a) reference to EN 14196; b) sample identification (for example sample number, roll number or other traceable identifier); c) method used for cutting specimens, sample size, specimen size and shape, numbe
33、r of test specimens used; d) full description of the GBR-C tested and a description of the individual components (e.g. bonding method / clay / geosynthetic / coating); e) mass per unit area of the synthetic component(s) (SYN). The source of the information (e.g. the manufacturers data sheet in which
34、 case a copy shall be supplied, which shall clearly show the range of tolerance) relating to the synthetic component with the test method used together with the stated accuracy of the value or the average mass per unit area of the synthetic component(s) (SYN) to the nearest 1 g/m2, if measured accor
35、ding to Annex A; f) as received average mass per unit area of the GBR-C (GBR-C) to the nearest 10 g/m2; g) average mass per unit area of the clay component of the GBR-C (CLAY) to the nearest 10 g/m2; h) average mass per unit area of the clay component of the GBR-C (CLAY0 %) to the nearest 10 g/m2nor
36、malized to a moisture content of 0 % i) average moisture content of the clay component of the GBR-C (wCLAY) to the nearest 0,1 %; j) for the properties reported under f, g, h and i above, the test results for each specimen and the average shall also be reported k) state whether the mass of the geosy
37、nthetic(s) has been determined in accordance with Annex A. l) statement of any deviation from the testing procedures. BS EN 14196:2016EN 14196:2016 (E) 7 Annex A (normative) Test method for the determination of the mass per unit area of the synthetic component A.1 Apparatus A.1.1 Oven Drying oven in
38、 which the temperature is set to (105 5) C. A.1.2 Blowing or suction apparatus Apparatus for removing as much of the clay component as possible. A.1.3 Balances As in 5.1. A.2 Procedure Where the mass per unit area of the synthetic component(s) is not known, determine this mass by dissection of the s
39、pecimens. Having determined the mass per unit area of each specimen in accordance with this standard, separate the components by peeling. Brush each component, taking care not to lose any threads from any woven structure, or loose fibres from non-woven structures, and then either by blowing or using
40、 suction remove as much of the clay component as possible. Immerse each specimen in tap water until the clay can be easily removed from the fibres. Remove the bulk of clay from the synthetic components either by scraping the substrate and/or by cutting the seams or link bridges (stitch-bonded GBR-Cs
41、). For needle punched GBR-Cs, remove the bulk of clay from the synthetic components by making the clay move towards the edges of the specimen by applying pressure from centre outwards. Thoroughly wash the remaining clay from the synthetic components until they seem clay free and the rinsing water is
42、 clear of clay. Dry the synthetic component(s) specimens, e.g. in an oven at a temperature at which the specimens are not damaged, until a constant mass is reached (msyn). Weigh the synthetic component(s) separately. A.3 Calculation Calculate the mass per unit area of each of the specimens using the
43、 following formula: =SYNSYNmA(A.1) where: syn= mass per unit area of the synthetic component rounded to the nearest 1 g/m2;msyn= mass of synthetic component measured in g to the accuracy of the balance used (Refer to 5.1) A = area of specimen, in m2to the nearest 0,001 m2NOTE Using this procedure, i
44、t has been found that the total mass per unit area of the synthetic components can be anything up to 20 % above their nominal weight as stated on manufacturers data sheets (because of the difficulty in removing all the clay). This page deliberately left blankThis page deliberately left blankBSI is t
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