1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 14233:2002 Materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs Plastics Determination of temperature of plastics materials and articles at the plastics/food interface during microwave and conventional oven heating in order to select the appropriate temperature for migration test
2、ing The European Standard EN 14233:2002 has the status of a British Standard ICS 67.250; 83.080.01 BS EN 14233:2002 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Consumer Products and Services Sector Policy and Strategy Committee, was published under the authority of the Sta
3、ndards Policy and Strategy Committee on 17 October 2002 BSI 17 October 2002 ISBN 0 580 40584 2 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 14233:2002. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee CW/47, Materials and articles
4、 in contact with foodstuffs, to Subcommittee CW/47/1, Migration from plastics, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publi
5、cations referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the nec
6、essary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the int
7、erpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 16, an inside back cover and a
8、 back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEUROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM EN14233 September2002 ICS67.250;83.080.01 Englishversion Materialsandarticlesincontactw
9、ithfoodstuffsPlastics Determinationoftemperatureofplasticsmaterialsandarticlesat theplastics/foodinterfaceduringmicrowaveandconventional ovenheatinginordertoselecttheappropriatetemperaturefor migrationtesting Matriauxetobjetsencontactaveclesdenres alimentairesMatiresplastiquesDterminationdela tempra
10、turedesmatiresplastiquesetobjetslinterface matiresplastiques/denresalimentaireslorsduchauffage enfourclassiqueoumicroondesafindeslectionnerla tempratureappropriepourlesessaisdemigration WerkstoffeundGegenstndeinKontaktmitLebensmitteln KunststoffeTemperaturanderKunststoffLebensmittel SchnittstelleBes
11、timmungderTemperaturvon WerkstoffenundGegenstndenausKunststoffander KunststoffLebensmittelSchnittstellewhrendder ErwrmungimMikrowellengertoderimherkmmlichen OfenzurAuswahldergeeignetenTemperaturfrdie Migrationsprfung ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon25July2002. CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththe
12、CEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEurope an Standardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Uptodatelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcernings uchnational standardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheManagementCentreortoanyCENmember. ThisEuropeanStandardexis
13、tsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytra nslation undertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheManagementCentrehasthesamestatusasthe official versions. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Fi
14、nland,France,Germany,Greece, Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2002CEN Allrightsofexpl
15、oitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.EN14233:2002EEN14233:2002(E) 2 Contents page Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normativereferences 5 3 Principle5 4 Reagents.5 5 Apparatus .5 6 Samples 6 7 Procedure .6 AnnexA (normative) Placementofprobes 12 AnnexB (i
16、nformative) Exampleofatemperatureprofile .14 AnnexZA (informative) RelationshipofthisEuropeanStandardwithCouncilDirectives89/109/EEC and90/128/EECandassociatedEUDirectives .15 Bibliography 16EN14233:2002(E) 3 Foreword ThisdocumentEN14233hasbeenpreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC194“Utensilsincontactw
17、ithfood“, thesecretariatofwhichisheldbyBSI. ThisEuropeanStandardshallbegiventhestatusofanationalstandard,eitherbypublicationofanidenticaltextor byendorsement,atthelatestbyMarch2003,andconflictingnationalstandardsshallbewithdrawnatthelatestby March2003. Thisdocumenthasbeenpreparedunderamandategivento
18、CENbytheEuropeanCommissionandtheEuropean FreeTradeAssociation. ForrelationshipwithEUDirective(s),seeinformativeannexZA,whichisanintegralpartofthisdocument. InthisstandardtheannexAisnormativeandannexBisinformative. ThisstandardshouldbereadinconjunctionwithEN11861andENV131301. WARNING Foodheatedinmicr
19、owaveovenscanbubbleandsplatter.Cautionshouldbetakenwhenhandlinghot foods.Metalthermocouplesshouldnotbeusedinmicrowaveovensunlessspecialprecautionsaretaken. AccordingtotheCEN/CENELECInternalRegulations,thenationalstandardsorganizationsofthefollowing countriesareboundtoimplementthisEuropeanStandard:Au
20、stria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland, France,Germany,Greece,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Spain, Sweden,SwitzerlandandtheUnitedKingdom.EN14233:2002(E) 4 Introduction Migrationtestsforplasticsmaterialsandarticlesaretobecarriedout,selectingtimesandtemperatur
21、es,which correspondtotheworstforeseeableconditionsofcontactforthematerialsorarticlesbeingstudied.Formaterials andarticlesintendedforuseinmicrowaveovens,migrationtestingiscarriedoutusingaconventionalovenand appropriatetimeandtemperatureconditionsselectedfromTable3ofEN11861:2002. Inordertobeabletosele
22、cttheappropriatetemperatureformigrationtesting,itisnecessarytoknowthe temperaturewhichoccursatthefoodpackaginginterfaceundertheworstforeseeableconditionsofuseofthe material. Forplasticsmaterialsandarticlesusedinmicrowaveovensforthemicrowavecookingorheatingofmainly aqueousfoods,itisgenerallyrecognize
23、dthatthetemperatureatthefoodpackaginginterfacedoesnotexceed 100 C.Formorecomplexfoodmatrices,includingthoseofahighfatand/orsugarcontent,temperatures generatedduringmicrowaveheatingandcookingcannotbepredictedreadily.Thusitcanbenecessaryto measuretemperaturesatthefoodpackaginginterfaceduringthecooking
24、orheatingofsuchfoods. Forcookingorheatinginconventionalovens,thetemperatureatthefood/packaginginterfaceisdependantupon thetemperatureoftheoven,thethermalconductivityoftheplasticsmaterialorarticle,thenatureofthefoodand theheatingtime.Temperaturesatthefoodpackaginginterfacecannotbepredictedreadily.Thu
25、sitcanbe necessarytomeasuretemperaturesatthefoodpackaginginterfaceduringheatingandcookinginconventional ovens. Themethodsdescribedherecanbeusedtomeasurethetemperatureofplasticsmaterialsandarticlesatthefood plasticinterfaceduringmicrowaveandconventionalovenheatingandtherebyenableselectionoftheappropr
26、iate temperatureformigrationtesting. Migrationtestingcanbecarriedoutbyselectionofcontactconditionsgenerallyrecognizedasmoreseverewithout theneedofpreapplicationofthisstandard. NOTE Thebasicrulesnecessaryfortestingtheoverallmigrationoftheconstituentsofplasticsmaterialsandarticlesintende d tocomeintoc
27、ontactwithfoodstuffsarelaiddowninCouncilDirective82/711/EEC1anditssubsequentamendments,2and 3.EN14233:2002(E) 5 1Scope ThisEuropeanStandardspecifiesmethodstomeasurethetemperaturereachedbyplasticsmaterialsandarticles incontactwithfoodstuffsduringmicrowaveheatingandconventionalovenheatinginordertosele
28、ctthe appropriatetemperatureformigrationtesting. Itisapplicabletoallplasticsmaterialsandarticlesforwhichthefood(s)withwhichtheycancomeintocontact underworstforeseeableconditionsofuseis/areknown.Thisincludesprepackagedfoodssuchasreadymeals whichwillbeheatedinthepackaging,andforfoodswhichneedsomeprepr
29、eparationbutwhichincludethe cookingcontainerinthepack,e.g.cakemixes.Themethodisalsosuitableforplasticsmaterialsandarticlestobe usedforpreparingfoodsinthehomeorforuseincommercialfoodpreparationwherethearticleissuppliedasa standaloneitem,i.e.notcontainingornotincludingfoodatthepointofsale. NOTE Althou
30、ghthemethodhasbeendevelopedforplasticsmaterialsandarticles,itisalsoapplicabletootherpackaging materialsincludingpaperandboard,rubberandelastomers,ceramics,glassetc.Temperaturemeasurementsusing conventionalovenheatingaresuitableformetalmaterialsbuttheseitemsshouldgenerallynotbeheatedinmicrowaveovens
31、duetopossibleproblemswitharcing. 2 Normativereferences ThisEuropeanStandardincorporates,bydatedorundatedreference,provisionsfromotherpublications.These normativereferencesarecitedattheappropriateplacesinthetext,andthepublicationsarelistedhereafter.For datedreferences,subsequentamendmentstoorrevision
32、sofanyofthesepublicationsapplytothisEuropean Standardonlywhenincorporatedinitbyamendmentorrevision.Forundatedreferencesthelatesteditionofthe publicationreferredtoapplies(includingamendments). ENV11861:1994, Materialsandarticlesincontactwithfoodstuffs Guidetotheselectionofconditionsandtest methodsfor
33、overallmigration . 3Principle Plasticsmaterialsandarticlescontainingfoodsofthetypewhichtheycancomeintocontactwithunderworst foreseeableconditionsofuse,areheatedinamicrowaveovenorinaconventionaloven(heatedbygasorby electricity).Forthedeterminationoftemperatureduringmicrowaveheating,thetemperatureofth
34、eplasticis measuredattheinterfacewiththefoodusingafibreopticthermometer.Thermocouplesareusedtomeasurethe temperatureattheinterfaceduringheatinginaconventionaloven.Afibreopticthermometercanalsobeusedto measuretemperaturesinaconventionaloven.Thetemperaturesmeasuredareusedtoselectanappropriate temperat
35、ureformigrationtestingfromTable3ofEN11861:2002.Theappropriatetimeformigrationtestingisalso selectedfromthetabletakingintoaccountthetimeofheatinginnormalandforeseeableconditionsofuse. 4Reagents Distilledwaterorwaterofequivalentquality. 5Apparatus 5.1 Polythenebeaker,withadiameterof140mm20mmandaminimu
36、mcapacityof1000ml. 5.2 Expandedpolystyrenefoampadtofitunderplasticcontainer(5.1)andatleast8mmthick. 5.3 Calibratedthermocoupleorthermometercapableofmeasuringovertherange10 Cto30 Ctoalimit deviationof0,1 C. 5.4 Plastictubeorrodforstirring.EN14233:2002(E) 6 5.5 Thermostaticallycontrolledincubatorcapab
37、leofmaintainingasettemperatureof10 C 0,5 C. 5.6 Calibratedfibreopticthermometercapableofmeasuringoverarangeof20 Cto200 C. 5.7 CalibratedtypeKthermocouplecapableofmeasuringoverarangeof20 Cto230 C. 5.8 DataloggerortemperatureconvertercompatiblewithtypeKthermocouples. 5.9 Microwaveoven,withoutputinther
38、angeof600Wto1000W. 5.10 Oven,capableofmaintaining 5 Coftherequiredsettemperatureaveragedovera30minheatingperiod, aftertheovenhasreachedthesettemperature. NOTE Inthecaseofreadymealsthesettemperatureisthattypicallygivenintheonpackinstructions.Formaterialsand articlesintendedforthepreparationoffoodinth
39、ehome,thesettemperatureshouldbetakenfromappropriaterecipes. 6Samples Thenumberoftestsamplesrequiredisdependentonthenumberofprobesofthefibreopticthermometerorthe numberofthermocouples.Forfibreopticthermometerswithoneprobeaminimumoftwelvetestmaterialsor articlesarerequired.Forthermometerswith12probes,
40、aminimumofthreetestmaterialsorarticlesarerequired. Formeasurementsinconventionalovensusingasinglethermocoupleorfibreopticprobe,aminimumofeighttest materialsorarticlesarerequired.Forsystemswhere8thermocouplesorprobescanbeemployedsimultaneously, aminimumoftwotestmaterialsorarticlesarerequired. NOTE Te
41、stmaterialsorarticlesshouldcontainfoodofthesame,orsimilar,natureandofthesameorsimilarmass,aswill beheatedinthematerialorarticleunderworstforeseeableconditionsofuse. Materialsorarticles,containingfood,whicharetobeheatedfromfrozenarestoredat20 C.Thosecontaining foodwhichistobeheatedfromachilledstatear
42、estoredat5 Candfornotlongerthan3days. 7Procedure 7.1 Determinationoftemperaturesduringmicrowaveheating 7.1.1 Determinationofpoweroutputofmicrowaveoven Thepoweroutputofthemicrowaveoven(5.9)tobeusedforthetemperaturetestsisdeterminedbymeasuringthe timetakentoraisethetemperatureof1000gofwaterby10 C 2 C.
43、 Forturntableovens,disabletheturntable.Thiscanbedonebyremovingtheglasstrayorbyremovingtherotating mechanism.Placethepolystyrenepad(5.2)atthegeometriccentreofthebaseoftheoven(nonturntabletype)or atthecentreofthedisabledturntablemechanism.Bringdistilledwatertoaconstanttemperatureof10 C 0,5 C usinganincubator(5.5).Transfer1000g 5gdistilledwater(4.1)tothepolyethylenecontainer(5.1).Stirusing theplastictubeorrod(5.4)andmeasureth
