1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58incoherent optical radiation Part 4: Terminology and quantities used in UV-, visible and IR-exposur
2、e measurementsThe European Standard EN 14255-4:2006 has the status of a British StandardICS 01.040.17; 17.180.20; 17.240Measurement and assessment of personal exposures to BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 14255-4:2006BS EN 14255-4:2006This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Pol
3、icy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2006 BSI 2006ISBN 0 580 49676 7Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsThis publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Stand
4、ard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.National forewordThis British Standard was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of EN 14255-4:2006.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee CPL/34, Lamps and related equipment, to Subcommittee CPL/34/10, L
5、ight and lighting.A list of organizations represented on CPL/34/10 can be obtained on request to its secretary.EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 14255-4 October 2006 ICS 01.040.17; 17.180.20; 17.240 English Version Measurement and assessment of personal exposures to incoherent opt
6、ical radiation - Part 4: Terminology and quantities used in UV-, visible and IR-exposure measurements Mesurage et valuation de lexposition des personnes aux rayonnements optiques incohrents - Partie 4 : Terminologie et grandeurs utilises pour le mesurage de lexposition au rayonnement ultraviolet, vi
7、sible et infrarougeMessung und Beurteilung von personenbezogenen Expositionen gegenber inkohrenter optischer Strahlung -Teil 4: Terminologie und Gren fr Messungen von UV-, sichtbaren und IR-Strahlungs-Expositionen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 18 September 2006. CEN members are bound
8、 to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Cen
9、tral Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as
10、 the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slo
11、venia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CE
12、N national Members. Ref. No. EN 14255-4:2006: EEN 14255-4:2006 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions .5 3.1 Symbols, terms and units .5 3.2 Definitions 7 4 Relationships between quantities15 4.1 Irradiance E 15 4.2 Radiant exposure H
13、 .15 Bibliography 16 EN 14255-4:2006 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 14255-4:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 169 “Light and lighting”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
14、identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2007. EN 14255 Measurement and assessment of personal exposures to incoherent optical radiation is published in four parts: Part 1: Ultraviolet radiation emitte
15、d by artificial sources in the workplace Part 2: Visible and infrared radiation emitted by artificial sources in the workplace Part 3: UV-Radiation emitted by the sun (in preparation) Part 4 (this part): Terminology and quantities used in UV-, visible and IR-exposure measurements According to the CE
16、N/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg
17、, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 14255-4:2006 (E) 4 Introduction People may be exposed to adversely high levels of optical radiation (ultraviolet, visible and infrared radiation) from strong optical radiati
18、on sources in the workplace and elsewhere. In order to protect people from harm their optical radiation exposures should be determined in these cases and compared with limit values which are set by national authorities or recommended by international organisations (e.g. ICNIRP1), see 5, 6, 7, 8, 11)
19、. Part 1 of this standard describes methods to determine ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposures in the workplace, part 2 of this standard describes methods to determine visible (VIS) and infrared (IR) radiation exposures in the workplace and part 3 of this standard describes methods to determine ultra
20、violet radiation exposures by the sun. There are several quantities in which optical radiation exposures are expressed. Unfortunately some of these quantities are defined and named in different ways by different reference sources, such as standards and limit value recommendations. Additionally, some
21、 of the quantities are not always very well defined in a strong physical and mathematical sense. Hence there is a need for clarification and uniform definition of these quantities. In this part 4 of the standard a uniform terminology for quantities is specified and the quantities are defined in a wa
22、y which makes them reasonably applicable in practical use. The terminology and quantities defined may be used when parts 1, 2 and 3 of this standard are applied or when relevant standards or limit value recommendations are to be revised. In this standard, terms which are often expressed elsewhere as
23、 summations have been reformulated and expressed mathematically as integrals. Cumbersome terms in current use, such as time integrated radiance, have been replaced by newly defined terms which clarify the relationship between, for example, radiance and radiance dose. In order to specify and define q
24、uantities more clearly, some of the quantities have been renamed. In this standard the names of these quantities differ from the names used in other reference sources. The reason is that within the referred sources the names of these quantities are not sufficiently descriptive, e.g. “effective irrad
25、iance Eeff“ and “effective radiant exposure Heff“ are very general expressions (see CIE2)17.4) but are used in some references in very specific meanings. In the definition of ICNIRP 5 “effective irradiance“ is a quantity which describes the effect of UV radiation as well on the skin as on the eyes.
26、So the quantity is mainly used for prevention purposes when it is often not known which part of the body will be exposed. So this useful quantity has a very specific meaning and it is named in this standard with the specific name “ultraviolet hazard irradiance Es“. Another reason for renaming the qu
27、antity “effective irradiance“ is that it is used in some applications to indicate a net effect such as the difference between incident and emitted heat radiation. In order to avoid misunderstandings the term “effective irradiance“ is not used in this standard. The more specific term “ultraviolet haz
28、ard irradiance“ is used instead. NOTE Terms and quantities which are not covered by this part of the standard can be found in other reference sources like CIE 17.4, CIE S 007 or CIE S 009. 1) ICNIRP International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection. 2) CIE Commission Internationale de lc
29、lairage. EN 14255-4:2006 (E) 5 1 Scope This standard specifies the terminology and the quantities that are used in UV-, VIS- and IR-exposure measurements according to parts 1, 2 and 3 of EN 14255. NOTE Parts 1 and 2 were published in 2005, while part 3 is under preparation. This standard can also be
30、 applied to the terminology and quantities used in international recommendations from, e.g. ICNIRP, CIE, etc. The purpose of this standard is to unify the definitions of quantities for optical radiation measurements since inconsistencies occur between existing publications from different origins. 2
31、Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Not applicable. 3 Terms and
32、definitions 3.1 Symbols, terms and units Within the field of applications of parts 1, 2 and 3 of EN 14255 the symbols, terms and units listed in Table 1 are used. EN 14255-4:2006 (E) 6 Table 1 Symbols, terms and units Symbol Term Unit Defined in wavelength nm CIE 17.4:1987 ref 845-01-14 1, 2boundari
33、es of a wavelength-range nm EN 14255-4 texp, exposure duration s EN 14255-4 E irradiance W/m CIE 17.4:1987 ref 845-01-37 E(,t), E() spectral irradiance W/(m nm) EN 14255-4 H radiant exposure J/m CIE 17.4:1987 ref 845-01-42 H() spectral radiant exposure J/(m nm) EN 14255-4 Esultraviolet hazard irradi
34、ance W/m EN 14255-4 Hsultraviolet hazard radiant exposure J/m EN 14255-4 Ebblue-light irradiance W/m EN 14255-4 Hbblue-light radiant exposure J/m EN 14255-4 L radiance W/(m sr) CIE 17.4:1987 ref 845-01-34 andCIE S 009/E:2002 clause 3.31 L() spectral radiance W/(m nm sr) CIE S 009/E:2002 clause 3.41
35、Lbblue-light radiance W/(m sr) EN 14255-4 Lrretinal thermal radiance W/(m sr) EN 14255-4 G radiance dose J/(m sr) EN 14255-4 Gbblue-light radiance dose J/(m sr) EN 14255-4 spectral weighting function EN 14255-4 s() ultraviolet hazard weighting function EN 14255-4 b() blue light hazard weighting func
36、tion EN 14255-4 r() retinal thermal hazard weighting function EN 14255-4 D source diameter m EN 14255-4 DLviewing source diameter m EN 14255-4 Dapp apparent source diameter m EN 14255-4 r viewing distance m EN 14255-4 viewing angle rad EN 14255-4 angle of acceptance rad EN 14255-4 EN 14255-4:2006 (E
37、) 7 Table 1 (continued) Symbol Term Unit Defined in angular subtense of the apparent source rad CIE S009/E:2002clause 3.2 IUVUV-Index CIE S 013/E fOEocular exposure factor ILO/ICNIRP Guide fSEskin exposure factor ILO/ICNIRP Guide ser() erythemal weighting function ISO/CIE 17166 and EN 14255-4 Eerery
38、themal effective irradiance W/m ISO/CIE 17166 Hererythemal effective radiant exposure J/m ISO/CIE 17166 SED standard erythema dose 100 J/m ISO/CIE 17166 MED minimal erythema dose J/m or SED ISO/CIE 17166 snmsc() non-melanoma skin cancer weighting function CIE DS 019.2/E Enmscnon-melanoma skin cancer
39、 effective irradiance W/m EN 14255-4 Hnmscnon-melanoma skin cancer effective radiant exposure J/m EN 14255-4 NOTE Angles like angular subtense , viewing angle and angle of acceptance are often expressed in degrees instead of radians. 3.2 Definitions NOTE Quantities for the irradiance, radiance and r
40、adiant exposure, which are calculated by using spectral weighting functions, are named in reference to the specific action spectrum in question. For any specific effect “x“, if a spectral weighting function x() exists, the “x-irradiance Ex“ can be calculated equivalent to equation (4); e. g. the nam
41、e “blue-light irradiance Eb“ is used for the wavelength integral of the spectral irradiance which is spectrally weighted with the blue-light hazard weighting function b(). The blue-light hazard weighting function b() is related to the action spectrum of the blue-light hazard of the eye. Likewise, ot
42、her names of quantities which allow the assessment of a specific effect are chosen in relation to the action spectra in question. The same procedure may be applied for other spectrally weighted quantities such as radiant exposure Hx , radiance Lx , etc. 3.2.1 boundaries of a wavelength-range 1, 2low
43、er and upper wavelength value specifying the boundaries for a wavelength-range of interest NOTE Wavelength-ranges are used to specify the spectral boundaries for weighting functions (for hazards or beneficial effects), measurement device specifications, source emission spectra, etc. When applying ex
44、posure limit values the wavelength range of interest will depend on the biological effect under consideration. EN 14255-4:2006 (E) 8 3.2.2 exposure duration texp, time interval between the beginning and the end of an optical radiation exposure NOTE Exposure duration can refer to a single discrete ex
45、posure, the sum of several exposure periods in a series of intermittent exposures, or the total time period from the beginning to the end of a series of intermittent exposures. 3.2.3 spectral irradiance E(,t), E() differential quotient of the irradiance, E(,t) with respect to the wavelength , given
46、by either: =),(),(tEtE (1) or =)()(EE (2) NOTE 1 Eand E() are used similarly in other sources (e.g. ICNIRP 5, CIE S 009, IEC TR 60825-9). NOTE 2 If the spectral irradiance is not time dependent, equation 2 applies. 3.2.4 spectral radiant exposure H() time integral of the spectral irradiance, E(,t) d
47、uring the exposure duration texp, given by: =expd),()(tttEH (3) 3.2.5 ultraviolet hazard irradiance Esirradiance spectrally weighted with the ultraviolet hazard weighting function s(), given by: d)()(21ssE= (4) 3.2.6 ultraviolet hazard radiant exposure Hsradiant exposure spectrally weighted with the
48、 ultraviolet hazard weighting function s(), given by either: s = 21d)()( s (5) or ()=expdtststEH(6) NOTE If s() is chosen to correspond to the ICNIRP relative spectral effectiveness S() 5, 7, the ultraviolet hazard radiant exposure Hswill correspond to the ICNIRP effective radiant exposure Heff. EN
49、14255-4:2006 (E) 9 3.2.7 blue-light irradiance Ebirradiance spectrally weighted with the blue-light hazard weighting function b(), given by: =21d)()( bEEb(7) 3.2.8 blue-light radiant exposure Hbradiant exposure spectrally weighted with the blue-light hazard weighting function b(), given by either: ()()=21d bHHb(8) or =exp(t)dtbbtEH (9) 3.2.9 blu
