1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 14278-1:2004 Textiles Determination of cotton fibre stickiness Part 1: Method using a manual thermodetection device The European Standard EN 14278-1:2004 has the status of a British Standard ICS 59.060.10 BS EN 14278-1:2004 This British Standard, was published under the author
2、ity of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 8 February 2005 BSI 8 February 2005 ISBN 0 580 45392 8 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 14278-1:2004. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee TCI/,24, Text
3、iles Physical testing, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BS
4、I Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for
5、its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK inter
6、ests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 11 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when t
7、he document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEUROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM EN142781 May2004 ICS59.060.10 Englishversion TextilesDeterminationofcottonfibrestickinessPart1: Methodusingamanualthermodetectiondevice TextilesDeterminationducollage
8、desfibresdecoton Partie1:Mthodeutilisantundispositifmanuelde thermodtection TextilienBewertungderKlebrigkeitvonBauwolleTeil 1:VerfahrenmitdemmanuellenThermodetektionsgert ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon23February2004. CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipula
9、tetheconditionsforgivingthisEurope an Standardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Uptodatelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcernings uchnational standardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheCentralSecretariatortoanyCENmember. ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French
10、,German).Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytra nslation undertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheCentralSecretariathasthesamestatusast heofficial versions. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France, Germany,G
11、reece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B1050Bru
12、ssels 2004CEN Allrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.EN142781:2004:EEN 14278-1:2004 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope5 2 Normative references5 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 Principle5 5 Apparatus.6 6 Atmosphere for conditioning
13、 and testing .8 7 Preparation of test specimens .8 8 Procedure.9 9 Calculation and expression of results.10 10 Test report10 Annex A (informative) Statistical analysis11 EN 14278-1:2004 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 14278-1:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 248 “Textiles and t
14、extile products”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2004, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by Nov
15、ember 2004. Annex A is informative. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
16、 Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 14278-1:2004 (E) 4 Introduction The aim of this method is to determine the stickiness potential of cotton fibres by simulating
17、the negative effects of this characteristic during the spinning process. Origins of stickiness are not studied. Results of this method are not directly related to the determination of sugar content. This standard consists of the following methods, under the general title “Textiles - Determination of
18、 cotton fibre stickiness“: Part 1: Method using a manual thermodetection device Part 2: Method using an automatic thermodetection plate device Part 3: Method using an automatic rotating drum device EN 14278-1:2004 (E) 5 1 Scope The standard describes a manual technique to simulate the tendency of co
19、tton fibres to stick to textile working surfaces. Test specimens can be raw cotton fibre (fibre sampled e.g. from a bale), or opened fibre, slivers, etc. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative refe
20、rences are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the
21、 latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments). EN 20139 Textiles - Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing (ISO 139:1973) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 stickiness level numb
22、er of sticky points indicating the incidence of cotton fibre stickiness 3.2 thermodetection action of revealing sticky points through the combined application of heat and pressure 3.3 sticky points entanglement of fibres or individual fibres that are attached to a working surface as a result of the
23、inherent stickiness of the cotton 3.4 ensemble upper and lower aluminium foils enclosing a fibre sample 3.5 remover device to take away the non sticking fibres from the counting surface 4 Principle A fibre web, whose surface area and mass are fixed, is placed between two sheets of aluminium foil and
24、 pressed at two pressure levels applied successively at different temperature settings to reveal sticky points. The sticky points are then counted to evaluate the level of stickiness. EN 14278-1:2004 (E) 6 5 Apparatus 5.1 Manual thermodetection device A manual thermodetection device comprises: NOTE
25、The test method has been developed from practice where values of the major parameters (i.e. applied forces, surface area, temperature and time) have been fixed. Deviation from these values could influence the results. a) one rectangular lower (e.g. wooden or other material with similar thermal insul
26、ating characteristics) board covered with a copper-plated aluminium platen whose surface area is at least 640 mm x 220 mm; b) one rectangular heating plate with dimensions of (640 5) mm x (280 5) mm. Ensure that a force of (780 50) N is evenly distributed on the ensemble. The temperature is set at (
27、84 4)C using an electronic regulator. c) one rectangular upper (e.g. wooden) board, with dimensions of (640 5) mm x (220 5) mm. Ensure that a force of (590 50) N is evenly distributed on the preparation. The devices to apply forces and temperature shall be securely located to ensure even pressure di
28、stribution on the specimen. 5.2 Aluminium foil A sheet of aluminium of minimum width 250 mm, with a thickness of (15 5) um or a mass of (40 13,5) g/m, having at least one matt surface showing no traces of oxidation. EN 14278-1:2004 (E) 7 5.3 Electromechanical opener and accessories Comprising: a) A
29、rotating cylinder covered by a flexible card clothing : wires with a density of 8 teeth per cm (also expressed generally as “50 teeth per square inch“), having a length of 11 mm with angles of 12/30 (Figure 1) and diameter of 0,5 mm, a feeding plate and feeding cylinder. 1 = 12 = 30 1 = Pin Figure 1
30、 - Electromechanical opener and accessories b) The rotating cylinder width and diameter are calculated to obtain a fibre web whose dimensions are (540 20) mm (160 20) mm. c) The feeding cylinder diameter is (35 1) mm. d) The speed of the rotating cylinder is (50 25) r/min. e) Gear ratio between rota
31、ting cylinder and feeding cylinder is of 40/1 to 41/1. NOTE A rotating cylinder (without card clothing) with a diameter of (155 1) mm and a width of (200 1) mm has been found suitable. The feeding table width is (164 1) mm. 5.4 Accessories a) A knitting needle of minimum length 200 mm to extract the
32、 fibre web. b) A brush to clean the flexible card wire clothing of the electromechanical opener. EN 14278-1:2004 (E) 8 5.5 Remover The remover width is (230 10) mm. The cleaner mass is (400 20) g. The remover is covered with a nonwoven fabric to cause the removal of non-sticky fibres. NOTE A non-wov
33、en fabric impregnated with a mineral oil (about 10 %) has been found suitable. The shape and geometry of the cleaner are chosen such that no pressure is exerted during cleaning (see 8.6). 5.6 Light source White light source, whose nominal power is (110 10) W, with 30 geometry, so that oblique light
34、illuminates all of the surface area of the aluminium foil. 5.7 Fan A means of blowing a current of air across the surface of the aluminium foil to vibrate adhering fibres. 6 Atmosphere for conditioning and testing The atmosphere for conditioning and testing as defined in EN 20139 shall be used. 7 Pr
35、eparation of test specimens 7.1 General Condition the cotton fibre samples for at least 24 h in the atmosphere specified in clause 6. Prepare three test specimens picking fibre tufts randomly from the laboratory sample. The weight of the fibre test specimen shall be (2,5 0,05) g. 7.2 Electromechanic
36、al opener Clean the card wire cloth using the brush. Open and mix a conditioned fibre sample by hand, to obtain an homogenous pad. Place the sample on the feeding plate of the electromechanical opener. Run the opener to create an homogeneous cotton fibre web on the rotating cylinder. When the rotati
37、ng cylinder stops, use the needle to extract the fibre web. Take one end of the web with one hand (or a folded paper) and remove it carefully from the card wire clothing by pulling it while manually turning the rotating cylinder with the handle, avoiding deformation of the fibre web. The web should
38、be directly laid down on the aluminium foil. The web specimen obtained should be (540 20) mm (160 20) mm. In the case of an alternative specimen preparation method (for instance, sampling from a card web), the specimen should have a mass of (29,5 4) g/m. EN 14278-1:2004 (E) 9 8 Procedure 8.1 Thermod
39、etector set-up Set the hotplate in order to obtain a temperature of (84 4) C across its entire surface. During the heating, place the hot plate over the copper plated aluminium platen but do not secure. 8.2 Specimen positioning on the copper plated aluminium platen Cut an aluminium foil of appropria
40、te length to cover the copper plated aluminium platen. Place it on the platen, presenting its matt face upwards. Place the fibre web specimen on the aluminium foil. Cover the specimen with a second aluminium foil of appropriate length, having its matt face against the specimen. Avoid placing fingert
41、ips on the matt faces of the aluminium foils. 8.3 Heating phase of the test Position the heating plate over the ensemble and block securely. Apply pressure of (780 50) N and maintain a temperature of (84 4) C. Maintain this phase for (12 2) s. 8.4 Ambient phase of the test Unsecure the heating plate
42、 and remove from the ensemble. Immediately secure the upper (e.g. wooden) board and apply a pressure of (590 50) N to the ensemble for (120 10) s. 8.5 Removal of the ensemble Unsecure the upper (e.g. wooden) board. Remove the ensemble and allow to rest for at least (60 5) min. 8.6 Counting the stick
43、y points Carefully remove the upper aluminium foil. Lay it down with the matt face upwards. Without exerting any pressure, apply the cleaner to the lower aluminium foil along its length first in one direction and then in the other direction. Illuminate the lower aluminium foil with the oblique light
44、 source. Light may be applied from any side. Vibrate the adhering fibres using the fan. Count and record the sticky points. Repeat the process for the upper aluminium foil, but apply the cleaner in one direction only. NOTE It is recommended that the sticky points which have already been counted are
45、marked with an adapted pen. This avoids double, or the omission of, counting and allows a later verification without the application of the light source or fan. 8.7 Repetition Repeat the entire procedure from 8.1 to 8.6 with two additional test specimens from the same sample. EN 14278-1:2004 (E) 10
46、9 Calculation and expression of results Add the number of sticky points recorded from the upper or lower aluminium foils for each test specimen. Average the results of the three test specimens. 10 Test report 10.1 General information The report shall contain the following information: a) Reference t
47、o this European Standard. b) Identification of test sample, and sampling procedure if required. c) Any deviation from the given procedure. 10.2 Test results a) Total number of sticky points for each test specimen. b) The average result of the three test specimens. EN 14278-1:2004 (E) 11 Annex A (inf
48、ormative) Statistical analysis A.1 Statistical analysis For research purposes, statistical treatments of the data are generally necessary to determine possible differences between two groups of results. The statistical analysis of the number of sticky points shows that their distribution is not Normal / Gaussian and is more like a Poisson or a negative binomial distribution. Thus, variance increases with the number of sticky points, and its stabilisation is necessary prior to
