1、BS EN 14405:2017Characterization of waste Leaching behaviour test Up-flow percolation test (underspecified conditions)BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 14405:2017 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 14405:2017.It supersedes DD CEN/TS 14405:2004 which is
2、 withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee EH/4, Soil quality.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users
3、are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2017.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017ISBN 978 0 580 87336 2 ICS 13.030.10 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of
4、the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2017.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 14405:2017g3g3g3g8g24g21g18g19g8g4g17g3g22g23g4g17g7g4g21g7g3g17g18g21g16g8g3g8g24g21g18g19g50g8g17g17g8g3g8g24g21g18g19g34g12g22g6g11g8g3g17g18g21g16g3EN 14405 g3 g3g3
5、g16g131g148g133g138g3g884g882g883g889g3g12g6g22g3g883g885g484g882g885g882g484g883g882g3 g22g151g146g135g148g149g135g134g135g149g3g6g8g17g512g23g22g3g883g886g886g882g887g483g884g882g882g886g8g144g137g142g139g149g138g3g25g135g148g149g139g145g144g3g3g6g138g131g148g131g133g150g135g148g139g156g131g150g13
6、9g145g144g3g145g136g3g153g131g149g150g135g3g486g3g15g135g131g133g138g139g144g137g3g132g135g138g131g152g139g145g151g148g3g150g135g149g150g3g486g3g24g146g486g136g142g145g153g3g146g135g148g133g145g142g131g150g139g145g144g3g150g135g149g150g3g523g151g144g134g135g148g3g149g146g135g133g139g136g139g135g134g
7、3g133g145g144g134g139g150g139g145g144g149g524g3g6g131g148g131g133g150g177g148g139g149g131g150g139g145g144g3g134g135g149g3g134g177g133g138g135g150g149g3g486g3g8g149g149g131g139g149g3g134g135g3g133g145g143g146g145g148g150g135g143g135g144g150g3g157g3g142g131g3g142g139g154g139g152g139g131g150g139g145g14
8、4g3g486g3g8g149g149g131g139g3g134g135g3g146g135g148g133g145g142g131g150g139g145g144g3g157g3g177g133g145g151g142g135g143g135g144g150g3g131g149g133g135g144g134g131g144g150g3g523g134g131g144g149g3g134g135g149g3g133g145g144g134g139g150g139g145g144g149g3g149g146g177g133g139g136g139g177g135g149g524g3g3 g6
9、g138g131g148g131g141g150g135g148g139g149g139g135g148g151g144g137g3g152g145g144g3g4g132g136g161g142g142g135g144g3g486g3g24g144g150g135g148g149g151g133g138g151g144g137g3g134g135g149g3g8g142g151g150g139g145g144g149g152g135g148g136g131g138g148g135g144g149g3g486g3g19g135g148g141g145g142g131g150g139g145g1
10、44g149g146g148g242g136g151g144g137g3g139g143g3g4g151g136g153g161g148g150g149g149g150g148g145g143g3g523g151g144g150g135g148g3g136g135g149g150g137g135g142g135g137g150g135g144g3g5g135g134g139g144g137g151g144g137g135g144g524g3g23g138g139g149g3g8g151g148g145g146g135g131g144g3g22g150g131g144g134g131g148g1
11、34g3g153g131g149g3g131g146g146g148g145g152g135g134g3g132g155g3g6g8g17g3g145g144g3g885g3g9g135g132g148g151g131g148g155g3g884g882g883g889g484g3g3g3g6g8g17g3g143g135g143g132g135g148g149g3g131g148g135g3g132g145g151g144g134g3g150g145g3g133g145g143g146g142g155g3g153g139g150g138g3g150g138g135g3g6g8g17g512g
12、6g8g17g8g15g8g6g3g12g144g150g135g148g144g131g142g3g21g135g137g151g142g131g150g139g145g144g149g3g153g138g139g133g138g3g149g150g139g146g151g142g131g150g135g3g150g138g135g3g133g145g144g134g139g150g139g145g144g149g3g136g145g148g3g137g139g152g139g144g137g3g150g138g139g149g3g8g151g148g145g146g135g131g144g
13、3g22g150g131g144g134g131g148g134g3g150g138g135g3g149g150g131g150g151g149g3g145g136g3g131g3g144g131g150g139g145g144g131g142g3g149g150g131g144g134g131g148g134g3g153g139g150g138g145g151g150g3g131g144g155g3g131g142g150g135g148g131g150g139g145g144g484g3g24g146g486g150g145g486g134g131g150g135g3g142g139g14
14、9g150g149g3g131g144g134g3g132g139g132g142g139g145g137g148g131g146g138g139g133g131g142g3g148g135g136g135g148g135g144g133g135g149g3g133g145g144g133g135g148g144g139g144g137g3g149g151g133g138g3g144g131g150g139g145g144g131g142g3g149g150g131g144g134g131g148g134g149g3g143g131g155g3g132g135g3g145g132g150g13
15、1g139g144g135g134g3g145g144g3g131g146g146g142g139g133g131g150g139g145g144g3g150g145g3g150g138g135g3g6g8g17g486g6g8g17g8g15g8g6g3g16g131g144g131g137g135g143g135g144g150g3g6g135g144g150g148g135g3g145g148g3g150g145g3g131g144g155g3g6g8g17g3g143g135g143g132g135g148g484g3g3g23g138g139g149g3g8g151g148g145g
16、146g135g131g144g3g22g150g131g144g134g131g148g134g3g135g154g139g149g150g149g3g139g144g3g150g138g148g135g135g3g145g136g136g139g133g139g131g142g3g152g135g148g149g139g145g144g149g3g523g8g144g137g142g139g149g138g481g3g9g148g135g144g133g138g481g3g10g135g148g143g131g144g524g484g3g4g3g152g135g148g149g139g14
17、5g144g3g139g144g3g131g144g155g3g145g150g138g135g148g3g142g131g144g137g151g131g137g135g3g143g131g134g135g3g132g155g3g150g148g131g144g149g142g131g150g139g145g144g3g151g144g134g135g148g3g150g138g135g3g148g135g149g146g145g144g149g139g132g139g142g139g150g155g3g145g136g3g131g3g6g8g17g3g143g135g143g132g135
18、g148g3g139g144g150g145g3g139g150g149g3g145g153g144g3g142g131g144g137g151g131g137g135g3g131g144g134g3g144g145g150g139g136g139g135g134g3g150g145g3g150g138g135g3g6g8g17g486g6g8g17g8g15g8g6g3g16g131g144g131g137g135g143g135g144g150g3g6g135g144g150g148g135g3g138g131g149g3g150g138g135g3g149g131g143g135g3g1
19、49g150g131g150g151g149g3g131g149g3g150g138g135g3g145g136g136g139g133g139g131g142g3g152g135g148g149g139g145g144g149g484g3g3g6g8g17g3g143g135g143g132g135g148g149g3g131g148g135g3g150g138g135g3g144g131g150g139g145g144g131g142g3g149g150g131g144g134g131g148g134g149g3g132g145g134g139g135g149g3g145g136g3g4g
20、151g149g150g148g139g131g481g3g5g135g142g137g139g151g143g481g3g5g151g142g137g131g148g139g131g481g3g6g148g145g131g150g139g131g481g3g6g155g146g148g151g149g481g3g6g156g135g133g138g3g21g135g146g151g132g142g139g133g481g3g7g135g144g143g131g148g141g481g3g8g149g150g145g144g139g131g481g3g9g139g144g142g131g144
21、g134g481g3g9g145g148g143g135g148g3g28g151g137g145g149g142g131g152g3g21g135g146g151g132g142g139g133g3g145g136g3g16g131g133g135g134g145g144g139g131g481g3g9g148g131g144g133g135g481g3g10g135g148g143g131g144g155g481g3g10g148g135g135g133g135g481g3g11g151g144g137g131g148g155g481g3g12g133g135g142g131g144g13
22、4g481g3g12g148g135g142g131g144g134g481g3g12g150g131g142g155g481g3g15g131g150g152g139g131g481g3g15g139g150g138g151g131g144g139g131g481g3g15g151g154g135g143g132g145g151g148g137g481g3g16g131g142g150g131g481g3g17g135g150g138g135g148g142g131g144g134g149g481g3g17g145g148g153g131g155g481g3g19g145g142g131g1
23、44g134g481g3g19g145g148g150g151g137g131g142g481g3g21g145g143g131g144g139g131g481g3g22g135g148g132g139g131g481g3g22g142g145g152g131g141g139g131g481g3g22g142g145g152g135g144g139g131g481g3g22g146g131g139g144g481g3g22g153g135g134g135g144g481g3g22g153g139g150g156g135g148g142g131g144g134g481g3g23g151g148g
24、141g135g155g3g131g144g134g3g24g144g139g150g135g134g3g14g139g144g137g134g145g143g484g3g3g3g3g3g8g24g21g18g19g8g4g17g3g6g18g16g16g12g23g23g8g8g3g9g18g21g3g22g23g4g17g7g4g21g7g12g29g4g23g12g18g17g3g6g18g16g12g23g50g3g8g24g21g18g19g50g8g17g3g7g8g3g17g18g21g16g4g15g12g22g4g23g12g18g17g3g8g24g21g18g19g34g
25、12g22g6g11g8g22g3g14g18g16g12g23g8g8g3g9g111g21g3g17g18g21g16g24g17g10g3g3g3g3CEN-CENELECg3Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels g825g3g884g882g883g889g3g6g8g17g3 g4g142g142g3g148g139g137g138g150g149g3g145g136g3g135g154g146g142g145g139g150g131g150g139g145g144g3g139g144g3g131g144g155g3
26、g136g145g148g143g3g131g144g134g3g132g155g3g131g144g155g3g143g135g131g144g149g3g148g135g149g135g148g152g135g134g3g153g145g148g142g134g153g139g134g135g3g136g145g148g3g6g8g17g3g144g131g150g139g145g144g131g142g3g16g135g143g132g135g148g149g484g3g21g135g136g484g3g17g145g484g3g8g17g3g883g886g886g882g887g48
27、3g884g882g883g889g3g8BS EN 14405:2017EN 14405:2017 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 4 Introduction 5 1 Scope 7 2 Normative references 7 3 Terms and definitions . 8 4 Principle . 9 5 Reagents . 9 6 Equipment 10 6.1 General . 10 6.2 Laboratory equipment . 10 7 Sample pretreatment 11 7.1 General
28、 . 11 7.2 Sample preparation . 11 7.3 Test portion 12 7.4 Determination of dry residue 13 8 Procedure 13 8.1 Temperature 13 8.2 Preparation 13 8.3 Packing of the column 13 8.4 Start-up of the test . 15 8.5 Collection of additional eluate fractions 16 8.6 Further preparation of the eluates for analys
29、is 18 8.7 Blank test 18 9 Calculations 18 10 Performance characteristics 19 11 Test report 20 11.1 General . 20 11.2 General data . 20 11.3 Leaching test conditions 20 11.4 Analytical report 20 11.5 Results of the leaching test . 21 Annex A (informative) Illustration of the column and accompanying e
30、quipment 22 Annex B (informative) Suggestions for packing the column, water saturation and establishment and checking of equilibrium conditions 23 B.1 General . 23 B.2 Guidelines on column filling and packing . 23 B.3 Water saturation 23 B.4 Equilibration and checking of equilibrium conditions 24 An
31、nex C (informative) Background for the choices made in developing this percolation test 26 BS EN 14405:2017g8g17g3g883g886g886g882g887g483g884g882g883g889g3g525g8g5262BS EN 14405:2017EN 14405:2017 (E) 3 C.1 Introduction . 26 C.2 Particle size / particle size distribution . 27 C.3 Column dimensions .
32、 27 C.4 Flow mode (up-flow/down-flow) 27 C.5 Flow rate of the leachant 27 C.6 L/S ratio and eluate fractions collected/duration of the test . 28 C.7 Nature of the leachant . 28 C.8 Temperature 29 C.9 Beneficial use of the test results 29 Annex D (informative) Repeatability and reproducibility data 3
33、0 D.1 Materials used in the interlaboratory comparison study 30 D.2 Interlaboratory comparison results 30 Bibliography . 40 BS EN 14405:2017g8g17g3g883g886g886g882g887g483g884g882g883g889g3g525g8g5263BS EN 14405:2017EN 14405:2017 (E) 4 European foreword This document (EN 14405:2017) has been prepare
34、d by Technical Committee CEN/TC 444 “Test methods for environmental characterization of solid matrices”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by Se
35、ptember 2017, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2017. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
36、This document supersedes CEN/TS 14405:2004. The following significant technical changes have been implemented in this new edition of the text: the status of the document has been changed from Technical Specification (CEN/TS) into a European Standard; based on CEN ISO/TS 21268-3 and CEN/TS 16637-3 th
37、e option for analysis of non-volatile organic substances has been added; performance data for inorganic substances has been added (see Annex D). This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association This European Standard has
38、been developed primarily to support the requirements for leaching behaviour testing within EU and EFTA countries. This European Standard was elaborated on the basis of: NEN 7343:1995; NT ENVIR 002:1995. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the fo
39、llowing countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands
40、, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 14405:2017g8g17g3g883g886g886g882g887g483g884g882g883g889g3g525g8g5264BS EN 14405:2017EN 14405:2017 (E) 5 Introduction This European Standard specifies an up-flow percola
41、tion test to determine the leaching behaviour of inorganic and non-volatile organic substances from granular waste materials under standardized percolation conditions. NOTE Validation data for non-volatile organic substances are not currently available, but will be added on revision when available.
42、For the complete characterization of the leaching behaviour of waste under specified conditions the application of other test methods is required (see EN 12920). Anyone dealing with waste and sludge analysis should be aware of the typical risks of that kind of material irrespective of the parameter
43、to be determined. Waste and sludge samples can contain hazardous (e.g. toxic, reactive, flammable, infectious) substances, which can be liable to biological and/or chemical reaction. Consequently these samples should be handled with special care. Gases which can be produced by microbiological or che
44、mical activity are potentially flammable and will pressurize sealed bottles. Bursting bottles are likely to result in hazardous shrapnel, dust and/or aerosol. National regulations will be followed with respect to all hazards associated with this method. In the different European countries, tests hav
45、e been developed to characterize and assess the substances which can be leached from waste materials. The release of soluble substances upon contact with water is regarded as one of the main mechanism of release which results in a potential risk to the environment during life-cycle of waste material
46、s (disposal or re-use scenario). The intent of these tests is to identify the leaching properties of waste materials. The complexity of the leaching process makes simplifications necessary. Not all of the relevant aspects of leaching behaviour can be addressed in one single standard. Procedures to c
47、haracterize the behaviour of waste materials can generally be divided into three steps, using different tests in relation to the objective. The following test hierarchy is taken from the Landfill Directive1and the Decision on Annex II of this Directive2for disposal of waste. a) Basic characterizatio
48、n constitutes a full characterization of the waste by gathering all the necessary information for a safe management of the waste in the short and long term. Basic characterization may provide information on the waste (type and origin, composition, consistency, leachability, etc.), information for un
49、derstanding the behaviour of waste in the considered management scenario, comparison of waste properties against limit values, and detection of key variables (critical parameters as liquid/solid (L/S) ratios, leachant composition, factors controlling leachability such as pH, redox potential, complexing capacity and physical parameters) for compliance testing and options for simplification of compliance testing. Characterization may deliver ratios between test results from basic characterization and results from simplified test procedures as well as information on a suitable frequ
