1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 14414:2004 Geosynthetics Screening test method for determining chemical resistance for landfill applications The European Standard EN 14414:2004 has the status of a British Standard ICS 59.080.70 BS EN 14414:2004 This British Standard was published under the authority of the S
2、tandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 26 May 2004 BSI 26 May 2004 ISBN 0 580 43818 X National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 14414:2004. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/553, Geosynthetics, which has the
3、 responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitl
4、ed “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance
5、with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related inter
6、national and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 11 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendme
7、nts issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEUROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM EN14414 May2004 ICS59.080.70 Englishversion GeosyntheticsScreeningtestmethodfordeterminingchemical resistanceforlandfillapplications GosynthtiquesMthodedessaislectivepermettantde dterminerlarsistancechi
8、miquepourlutilisationdansles centresdestockagededchets GeokunststoffeAuswahlprfverfahrenzurBestimmung derchemischenBestndigkeitbeiderAnwendungin Deponien ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon2February2004. CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsfor
9、givingthisEurope an Standardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Uptodatelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcernings uchnational standardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheCentralSecretariatortoanyCENmember. ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).Aversioni
10、nanyotherlanguagemadebytra nslation undertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheCentralSecretariathasthesamestatusast heofficial versions. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France, Germany,Greece,Hungary,Icel
11、and,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2004CEN Allr
12、ightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.EN14414:2004:EEN14414:2004(E) 2 Contents page Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normativereferences 5 3 TermsandDefinitions. 5 4 Principle5 5 Apparatus.6 5.1 Exposuretank . 6 5.2 Lidforsealingtheexposuretank
13、 . .6 5.3 Temperaturecontrolequipment. .6 5.4 Sampleholder . 6 5.5 Stirrer.6 6 Reagentsandmaterials 6 6.1 Hydrolysisunderacidconditions(methodA). .6 6.2 Hydrolysisunderbasicconditions(methodB) 7 6.3 Solvationandswelling(methodC). .7 6.4 Syntheticleachate(methodD). .7 7 Sampling.8 7.1 Geotextilesandg
14、eosyntheticclaybarriers .8 7.2 Polymericandbituminousgeosyntheticbarriers 8 8 Testprocedure .8 8.1 General8 8.2 Controlspecimens. 8 8.3 Tankpreparation .8 8.4 Preparationofliquidandplacingofsamples 8 8.5 Sealingthetank .9 8.6 Stirringthesolution. .9 8.7 Immersiontemperatures .9 8.8 Testduration . 9
15、8.9 Removalofspecimensandconditioning. 9 9 Evaluation.10 9.1 Geotextilesandgeosyntheticclaybarriers .10 9.2 Polymericandbituminousgeosyntheticbarriers 10 10 Testreport 10 Bibliography 11EN14414:2004(E) 3 Foreword Thisdocument(EN14414:2004)hasbeenpreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC189,“Geosynthetics“,
16、the secretariatofwhichisheldbyIBN. ThisEuropeanStandardshallbegiventhestatusofanationalstandard,eitherbypublicationofanidenticaltextor byendorsement,atthelatestbyNovember2004,andconflictingnationalstandardsshallbewithdrawnatthelatest byNovember2004. ThisdocumentincludesaBibliography. AccordingtotheC
17、EN/CENELECInternalRegulations,thenationalstandardsorganizationsofthefollowing countriesareboundtoimplementthisEuropeanStandard:Austria,Belgium,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark, Estonia,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta, Netherlands,Norway,Polan
18、d,Portugal,Slovakia,Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom.EN14414:2004(E) 4 Introduction Inlandfillsandcontaminatedsoilgeosyntheticscanbeincontactwithleachatesorotherpotentiallyaggressive chemicals.ThisEuropeanStandarddefinesamethodfortestingtheresistanceofthegeosyntheticstothese liquids
19、. Thestandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyproblems,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.EN14414:2004(E) 5 1Scope ThisEuropeanStandarddescribesatestmethodtodeterminethechemicalresistanceofgeosyntheticstoliquid municipal,agriculturalandindustrialwastes,usingalaboratoryimmersionprocedure. Theprocedureinc
20、ludesthreechemicalcompoundschosentoinitiateknowntypesofchemicaldegradation,anda syntheticleachaterepresentativeofalandfillcontainingdomesticwaste.Theprocedurecanalsobeappliedusing asitespecificleachate.TheseoptionsaredenotedbymethodsAtoE: methodA:hydrolysisunderacidicconditions; methodB:hydrolysisun
21、derbasicconditions; methodC:solvation/swelling; methodD:syntheticleachate; methodE:anysitespecificleachate; Themethodofevaluation(seeclause9)differsaccordingtowhetherthematerialisageotextile,apolymericor bituminousgeosyntheticbarrier,orageosyntheticclaybarrier.Inthecaseofgeosyntheticclaybarriersonly
22、the polymericcomponentwillbetested. 2 Normativereferences ThisEuropeanStandardincorporates,bydatedorundatedreference,provisionsfromotherpublications.These normativereferencesarecitedattheappropriateplacesinthetextandthepublicationsarelistedhereafter.For datedreferences,subsequentamendmentstoorrevisi
23、onsofanyofthesepublicationsapplytothisEuropean Standardonlywhenincorporatedinitbyamendmentorrevision.Forundatedreferencesthelatesteditionofthe publicationreferredtoapplies(includingamendments). ENISO5271 PlasticsDeterminationoftensilepropertiesPart1:General principles(ISO5271:1993includingCorr1:1994
24、) ENISO5273 PlasticsDeterminationoftensilepropertiesPart3:Test conditionsforfilmsandsheets(ISO5273:1995) prENISO10318:2000 GeosyntheticsGeotextiles,geotextilerelatedproducts, geomembranesandgeosyntheticclaylinersTermsandtheir definitions(ISO/DIS10318:2000) EN12226:2000 Geotextilesandgeotextilerelate
25、dproductsGeneraltestsfor evaluationfollowingdurabilitytesting ISO554 Standardatmospheresforconditioningand/ortesting Specifications 3 TermsandDefinitions ForthepurposesofthisEuropeanStandard,thetermsanddefinitionsgiveninprENISO10318:2000apply. 4Principle Samplesareimmersedat50Cfor56daysinchemicalsol
26、utionswhichrepresentthechemicalreactions characterizingtheactionoflandfillleachates.Samplesareevaluatedbymeasuringthechangeinelongationat breakandbyvisualinspection. NOTE ResistancetooxidationandleachingofstabilizersarethesubjectofENVISO13438andEN14415respectively.EN14414:2004(E) 6 5Apparatus 5.1Exp
27、osure tank Exposuretankforcontainmentofthesolutionandthetestgeosynthetic,chemicallyresistantandimpermeableto thesolutionbeingused. NOTE Stainlesssteelorglassisrecommended.Glassshouldnotbeusedwithstronglybasicsolutions.Thevolumeofthe exposuretankshouldbeatleast50mlforeachgramofmassofspecimen.Ifsuffic
28、ientlylargeexposuretanksarenotpossible , orifitissuspectedthattraceamountsofchemicalsmaybedepletedfromtheliquidduringtheexposure,smallertanksmaybe usedprovidedthattheimmersionliquidisreplacedwithfreshsolutionaftereachtestperiod. 5.2 Lidforsealingtheexposuretank Thesealinglidshallbefabricatedfromache
29、micallyresistantmaterial. Tomaintainambientatmosphericpressureinthetankthereshallbeamethodforallowinggaspressurereliefwhile minimizingchangesinthechemicalcompositionofthetestsolution,e.g.arefluxcondenseropentotheairora pressurereliefvalve.Thepurposeofthisfeatureistopreventpressurebuildupintheexposur
30、etankfromgases generatedbychemicalreactionsorbiologicalactivity. NOTE PressurizedtanksthatmaintainaconstantpressuremaybeusedasanaIternativewhenthemaintenanceofa pressureotherthanambientatmosphericpressureisspecified,agreedupon,orrequired. 5.3 Temperaturecontrolequipment Temperaturecontrolequipmentwi
31、thmeansformaintainingthetemperatureoftheimmersionsolutionto(502) C. NOTE Examplesofmethodsthathaveworkedwellarethefollowing: ahotwaterbathtocontaintheexposuretank; aheatingcoilwrappedaroundthetank,orahotplateusedinconjunctionwithathermostatandthermocouple; aroomcontrolledattheexposuretemperaturefors
32、toringthetank. Placingaheatingcoildirectlyintheexposuresolutionisnotrecommendedsincecorrosioncanaffectthecoilandchemical reactions,thatmaynototherwiseoccur,mayhappenonahotcoil. 5.4 Sampleholder Rack,capableofholdingorsuspendingsamplesofgeosyntheticbarrier,suchthateachspecimenshallbe separatedbyatlea
33、st10mmfromallotherspecimensandfromthetankwall. 5.5Stirrer Eitheramagneticallymovedstirringbar,oramechanicalstirrerenteringthetankthroughthelid. 6 Reagentsandmaterials 6.1 Hydrolysisunderacidconditions(methodA) a10%solutionofH 2 SO 4 .EN14414:2004(E) 7 6.2 Hydrolysisunderbasicconditions(methodB) calc
34、iumhydroxide(Ca(OH) 2 ),usedasasaturatedsuspension,i.e.approximately2,5grams perlitre NOTE SeealsoEN14030,methodB. 6.3 Solvationandswelling(methodC) Amixtureof: 35vol%dieselfuel 35vol%paraffin(C 10 C 20 ) 30vol%lubricatingoilHD30 NOTE Thisfuel,specifiedasTestLiquidFinEN12759,canbepurchasedas“Prfgemi
35、schA20/NPII”from:Firma HaltermannAG,Ferdinandstrasse5557,D20095Hamburg,Germany().Thisinformationisgivenfor theconvenienceofusersofthisEuropeanStandardanddoesnotconstituteanendorsementbyCENofthisproduct. 6.4 Syntheticleachate(methodD) Amixtureconsistingof: 7,5g/l aceticacid(C 2 H 4 O 2 ); 2,5g/l prop
36、ionicacid(CH 3 .CH 2 .COOH); 0,4g/l isobutyricacid(CH 3 ) 2 .CH.COOH); 7,0g/l butyricacid(CH 3 .(CH 2 ) 2 .COOH); 0,4g/l isovalericacid(CH 3 ) 2 .CH.CH 2 .COOH; 1.8g/l valericacid(CH 3 .(CH 2 ) 3 .COOH); 4,5g/l hexanoicacid(CH 3 .(CH 2 ) 4 .COOH); 4,0g/l heptanoicacid(CH 3 .(CH 2 ) 5 .COOH); 0,2g/l
37、glucose(O.(CH.OH) 4 .CH.CH 2 OH.H 2 O); 0,35g/l sodiumchloride(NaCl); 0,3g/l anhydroussodiumsulfate(Na 2 SO 4 ); 0,1g/l calciumchloride(CaCl 2 .2H 2 O); 0,2g/l magnesiumsulfate(MgSO 4 .7H 2 O); 0,5g/l diammoniumhydrogenphosphate(NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 (seeNOTE); deionizedwaterto1litre. NOTE Ifnotcommerciall
38、yavailable,thiscanbereplacedbyamixtureof0,44g/lof85%concentratedphosphoricacidand 0,51g/lof25%concentratedammonia. ThepHofthissyntheticleachateshallbeadjustedtoafinalpHof6using16mlofammoniasolution(4N)andthen subsequentlywithNaOH.EN14414:2004(E) 8 7Sampling 7.1 Geotextilesandgeosyntheticclaybarriers
39、 SamplingofgeosyntheticsandgeosyntheticclaybarriersshallbedoneinaccordancewithEN12226.The bentoniteshallberemovedfromthegeosyntheticclaybarrierwiththeaidofcompressedair,bywashing,orbyany otherappropriatemethod.Takeonegroupoftestspecimensandonegroupofcontrolspecimens. 7.2 Polymericandbituminousgeosyn
40、theticbarriers Aminimumofthreesamplesofpolymericandbituminousgeosyntheticbarrier(200mm200mm)shallbetaken. Takeonegroupoftestsamplesandonegroupofcontrolsamples. SpecimensfortensiletestingtoENISO5273shallbecutafterexposure. 8 Testprocedure 8.1General Inclause8thedescription“samples“appliesequallytospe
41、cimensofgeotextilecuttotheirfinalshapeandto samplesofgeosyntheticbarrierfromwhichtestspecimensarelatercut. 8.2Control specimens 8.2.1Conditioning Thecontrolspecimensshallbeconditionedinaccordancewith8.8andshallbetestedatthesametimeasthe immersedspecimenstoavoidageingofthespecimens(inparticularforbit
42、uminousmaterials). 8.2.2 Geotextilesandgeosyntheticclaybarriers MeasurethetensilestrengthandelongationatbreakofthecontrolspecimensinaccordancewithEN12226,but withelongationatbreakreplacingstrainatmaximumload(seeEN12226:2000,6.2). 8.2.3 Polymericandbituminousgeosyntheticbarriers Preparespecimensinacc
43、ordancewithENISO5273(specimentype5)andmeasuretheelongationatbreakin accordancewithENISO5271.Determinethemeanelongationatbreak. NOTE Considerationshouldalsobegiventomeasuringthechangeinpermeability. 8.3 Tankpreparation Cleanthetank,lid,stirrerandsampleholderthoroughlypriortotheintroductionofthespecimensandliquid.Use distilledordeionizedwaterforthefinalrinseofthecleaningprocedure. 8.4 Preparationofliquidandplacingofsamples MethodsAtoD: preparetheliquidasdefinedin6.1to6.4respectively MethodE: prepareasa
