1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58The European Standard EN 14487-2:2006 has the status of a British StandardICS 91.100.30Sprayed conc
2、rete Part 2: ExecutionBRITISH STANDARDBS EN 14487-2:2006BS EN 14487-2:2006This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2006 BSI 2006ISBN 0 580 49537 XAmendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Commentscontract. Users are
3、responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.National forewordThis British Standard was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of EN 14487-2:2006.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Comm
4、ittee B/517, Concrete, to Subcommittee B/517/10, Sprayed concrete.A list of organizations represented on B/517/10 can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 14487-2Octobe
5、r 2006ICS 91.100.30English VersionSprayed concrete - Part 2: ExecutionBton projet - Partie 2 : Excution Spritzbeton - Teil 2: AusfhrungThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 3 August 2006.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions
6、for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official
7、versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium,
8、 Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONC
9、OMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14487-2:2006: EEN 14487-2:2006 (E) 2 Contents Foreword3 1 Scope 4
10、2 Normative references 4 3 Terms and definitions .4 4 Documentation.4 4.1 Project specification4 4.2 Execution documentation.5 5 Preparatory works .5 5.1 For strengthening of ground 5 5.1.1 Preparation of substrate .5 5.1.2 Removal of dust and debris6 5.1.3 Pre-wetting .6 5.1.4 Protection against ex
11、treme ambient temperatures6 5.2 For repair, upgrading and free-standing structures 6 5.2.1 Scaffolding, falsework and formwork6 5.2.2 Preparation of substrate .6 5.2.3 Pre-wetting .6 5.2.4 Protection against extreme ambient temperature6 6 Reinforcement7 7 Equipment 7 7.1 Storage of materials 7 7.2 B
12、atching equipment 7 7.3 Mixers8 7.4 Spraying equipment 8 7.5 Testing equipment.8 8 Batching, mixing and delivery of concrete .8 8.1 Batching and mixing .8 8.2 Delivery .9 8.2.1 Dry mix process.9 8.2.2 Wet mix process 9 9 Execution of spraying .9 9.1 Spraying9 9.2 Surface of finished concrete 10 9.3
13、Curing and protection .10 10 Geometrical tolerances .11 10.1 General11 10.2 Thickness .11 11 Inspection .11 11.1 General11 11.2 Scope for inspection of execution.11 11.3 Inspection actions related to the scope of inspection.13 Annex A (informative) Guidance on documentation .15 Bibliography 16 EN 14
14、487-2:2006 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 14487-2:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 104 “Concrete and related products”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text
15、or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2007. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria
16、, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 14487-2:2006 (E) 4 1 Sc
17、ope This European Standard is applicable to sprayed concrete to be used for ground strengthening, repair and upgrading of existing structures and for free-standing structures. The standard specifies requirements for the execution of concrete spraying both by wet and dry process. The standard is appl
18、icable to temporary as well as permanent structures. This standard does not cover safety and health aspects of execution. This standard does not state requirements for quality assurance and for qualification of personnel for the various activities. 2 Normative references The following referenced doc
19、uments are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 206-1:2000, Concrete Part 1. Specification, performance, production and co
20、nformity EN 1504-3, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures Definitions, requirements, quality control and evaluation of conformity Part 3: Structural and non-structural repair EN 1504-10, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures def
21、initions requirements quality control and evaluation of conformity Part 10: Site application of products and systems and quality control of the works ENV 13670-1, Execution of concrete structures Part 1: Common EN 14487-1:2005, Sprayed concrete Part 1: Definitions, specifications and conformity EN 1
22、4488-6, Testing sprayed concrete Part 6: Thickness of concrete on a substrate EN 14889-1, Fibres for concrete Part 1: Steel fibres Definitions, specifications and conformity EN 14889-2, Fibres for concrete Part 2: Polymer fibres Definitions, specifications and conformity 3 Terms and definitions For
23、the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 14487-1:2005 apply. 4 Documentation 4.1 Project specification The project specification shall include all necessary information and technical requirements for execution of the works. As a minimum the following shall be stated: type
24、 of project (bridge, house, road, railway, hydro power, etc.), purpose of concrete spraying (permanent or temporary support etc. for ground strengthening), (structural or non structural for repair), EN 14487-2:2006 (E) 5 inspection category according to EN 14487-1, requirements related to health and
25、 safety, qualification of personnel, requirements on quality assurance plan for execution if required, NOTE 1 Quality plan for execution is normally required for inspection classes 2 and 3. relevant European Technical Approvals and provisions valid on the construction site, NOTE 2 Provisions valid a
26、t the construction site are national standards and documents approved by competent authority defined in the project specification. procedures for making alterations to previously agreed requirements, list of relevant design documents. for ground strengthening also: general type of ground conditions
27、(rock type and quality etc.), main principles applied for the sprayed concrete ground strengthening design, any particular execution conditions (e.g. frozen substrate, spraying under compressed air, special waste deposits). for repair, upgrading and free-standing structures also: requirements on sur
28、face finish, requirements on thickness. main structural design principles and objectives NOTE 3 Informative Annex A contains a checklist of requirements and information that may have to be included in the project specification as appropriate. Before commencement of execution of any part of the works
29、, the project specification relevant to that part of the works shall be complete and available. The project specification should also include statements on requirements for the distribution, the filing and recording of technical documents used for the works. 4.2 Execution documentation If required,
30、a quality plan for the execution of the work shall be prepared including a complete listing of relevant references. References shall, where appropriate, be given to requirements and conformity criteria in EN 14487-1. The sprayed concrete execution shall be documented according to requirements put fo
31、rward in this standard and the established QA plan. 5 Preparatory works 5.1 For strengthening of ground 5.1.1 Preparation of substrate All poor or loose rock shall be removed. EN 14487-2:2006 (E) 6 Ground water leakages are to be collected in hoses, pipes or other drainage systems, to prevent detrim
32、ent to the quality of the sprayed concrete. Any specified rock mechanics instrumentation shall be installed. 5.1.2 Removal of dust and debris Dust debris and other deposits shall be removed by pressurised water jetting prior to spraying. 5.1.3 Pre-wetting The need for additional pre-wetting prior to
33、 spraying shall be considered taking into account the suction of the substrate and the consequent risk of an adverse influence on the sprayed concrete. 5.1.4 Protection against extreme ambient temperatures When working in high or low temperatures, precautions shall be taken to ensure the quality of
34、the sprayed concrete. If the ambient temperature is expected to be below 0 C at the time of spraying or in the curing period, precautions shall be planned to protect the concrete against damage due to freezing. If the ambient temperature is forecast to be high at the time of spraying or in the curin
35、g period, precautions shall be planned to protect concrete against damaging effects. 5.2 For repair, upgrading and free-standing structures 5.2.1 Scaffolding, falsework and formwork Scaffolding, falsework and formwork shall, generally, apply to ENV 13670-1. For scaffolding and falsework for sprayed
36、concrete operations, the following additional clauses shall be considered: it shall be strong enough to take all the loads including the produced rebound, without undue deformations, it shall accommodate the safe working of the nozzleman, it shall be placed such that a sufficient distance between no
37、zzle and surface of application can be achieved (see 9.1), it shall allow easy access to all parts of the members to be treated. Formwork for sprayed concrete operations shall be designed so as to avoid pockets of rebound. 5.2.2 Preparation of substrate It is essential that sprayed concrete is appli
38、ed to a thoroughly clean, rough and defect-free surface. High pressure water jetting or grit blasting, capable of etching the substrate surface, are the recommended methods. For repair and upgrading, the preparation of concrete substrate and reinforcement shall conform to EN 1504-10. 5.2.3 Pre-wetti
39、ng For repair and upgrading, pre-wetting of the substrate of the existing concrete (or other porous material) shall be considered according to EN 1504-10. 5.2.4 Protection against extreme ambient temperature Formwork or structural parts in contact with the section to be sprayed shall have a temperat
40、ure which does not result in freezing of the sprayed concrete before it has sufficient strength to resist the effects of freezing. EN 14487-2:2006 (E) 7 If the ambient temperature is expected to be below 0 C at the time of spraying or during the curing period, precautions shall be taken to protect t
41、he concrete against damage due to freezing. If the ambient temperature is expected to be high at the time of spraying or during the curing period, precautions shall be taken to protect concrete against damaging effects. 6 Reinforcement Reinforcement steel may be mesh, reinforcement bars or fibres. F
42、or ground strengthening, lattice girders and steel ribs may be incorporated in the sprayed concrete, under separate materials specification. Reinforcement in terms of mesh or bars for sprayed concrete structures shall comply with ENV 13670-1. Steel or polymer fibres used for reinforcement shall comp
43、ly with EN 14889-1 or EN 14889-2 respectively. Additionally: reinforcement is to be fixed in such a way, that it will stay in place and not vibrate during the spraying process, design and the arrangement of the rebars shall be adapted for the spraying process in order to minimize the shadow effect a
44、nd improve compaction. where two or more layers of mesh reinforcement are incorporated, the rear layer should be encased in sprayed concrete prior to fixing the next front layer (not applicable to necessary overlaps within a layer) which shall be fixed at a distance of at least 2 times the maximum a
45、ggregate size from the preceding sprayed concrete layer. Pressurised air used shall be freed from oil by using adequate equipment (e.g. oil traps). 7 Equipment 7.1 Storage of materials Constituent materials shall be stored and handled so that their properties do not change significantly, e.g. by act
46、ion of climates, intermingling or contamination, and that their conformity with the respective standard is maintained. Storage compartments shall be clearly marked in order to avoid errors in the use of the constituent materials. Special instructions from the suppliers of the constituent materials s
47、hall be taken into account. Facilities shall be provided to enable samples to be taken from the stockpiles, silos and bins. 7.2 Batching equipment When factory blended dry mixes are used, they shall comply with EN 1504-3. For site mixes, the performance of the batching equipment shall be such that u
48、nder practical operating conditions the maximum tolerances stated in Table 1 shall be achieved. EN 14487-2:2006 (E) 8 Table 1 Accepted tolerances for the batching and spraying process of constituent material Constituent material Accepted tolerances % of specified quantitiy Inspection category 2 Insp
49、ection category 3 Cement 5 % 3 % Water (for wet process only) 5 % 3 % Total aggregates 5 % 3 % Additions 5 % 3 % Fibres 5 % 5 % Admixtures added at batching place and used at 5 % by mass of cement 7 % 5 % Materials added at the nozzle 10 % 5 % NOTE The tolerance is the difference between the target value and the measured value The accuracy of the measuring devices shall comply with the relevant national requirements or regulations valid
