1、BS EN 14713:2016Adhesives for paper andboard, packaging anddisposable sanitary products Determination of frictionproperties of films potentiallysuitable for bondingBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS EN 14713:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis
2、British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 14713:2016. Itsupersedes BS EN 14713:2005 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PRI/52, Adhesives.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.
3、This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 91480 5ICS 83.180Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer imm
4、unity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2016.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 14713:2016EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 14713 August 2016 ICS 83.180 S
5、upersedes EN 14713:2005English Version Adhesives for paper and board, packaging and disposable sanitary products - Determination of friction properties of films potentially suitable for bonding Adhsifs pour papier et carton, emballage et produits sanitaires jetables - Dtermination des proprits de fr
6、ottement de films potentiellement adapts au collageKlebstoffe fr Papier und Pappe, Verpackung und Hygieneprodukte - Bestimmung des Reibungsverhaltens potentiell klebefhiger SchichtenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 6 May 2016. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Interna
7、l Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CE
8、N member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versi
9、ons. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, P
10、oland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey andUnited Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2016 CEN All rights of exploitatio
11、n in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 14713:2016 EBS EN 14713:2016EN 14713:2016 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 3 Introduction 4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions . 5 4 Apparatus . 6 5 Test specimens . 8 5.1 Sampling
12、. 8 5.2 Preparation of test specimens 8 6 Procedure. 9 6.1 General 9 6.2 Friction measurement A: Coating against coating 9 6.3 Friction measurement B: Coating against the uncoated side of the test specimen or surface of other material 9 7 Expression of results 9 7.1 Static friction. 9 7.2 Dynamic fr
13、iction . 10 8 Test report 10 Bibliography . 11 BS EN 14713:2016EN 14713:2016 (E) 3 European foreword This document (EN 14713:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 193 “Adhesives”, the secretariat of which is held by AENOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a nationa
14、l standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2017, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2017. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of paten
15、t rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 14713:2005. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria
16、, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
17、Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 14713:2016EN 14713:2016 (E) 4 Introduction The friction behaviour is described by a characteristic coefficient of friction, independent of the test apparatus and test conditions. As the coefficient of friction of potentially adhesive films or layers
18、may be a function of the normal force, FN, and the contact surface and, in the case of dynamic friction, also of the relative speed and other dynamic parameters, these parameters have also been specified in this European Standard. The tests can be carried out with the potentially adhesive layers sli
19、ding over themselves or coated side over the reverse side of a substrate or other surfaces of metals or plastics. The coefficient of friction does not allow a comprehensive assessment to be made of the machinability on packaging or processing machines as under the conditions encountered in practice,
20、 the friction phenomena are generally accompanied by other effects, e.g. electrostatic charges, air cushion, local rise of temperature, abrasion, etc. SAFETY STATEMENT Persons using this document should be familiar with the normal laboratory practice, if applicable. This document does not purport to
21、 address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to ensure compliance with any regulatory conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT It is understood that some of the material permitted in thi
22、s standard may have negative environmental impact. As technological advantages lead to acceptable alternatives for these materials, they will be eliminated from this standard to the extent possible. At the end of the test, the user of the standard should take care to carry out an appropriate disposa
23、l of the wastes, according to local regulation. BS EN 14713:2016EN 14713:2016 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies test methods to assess the coefficients of friction of potentially adhesive films or layers, such as coatings with reactivable adhesives, hot melts or waxes, for use with pape
24、r and board, packaging and disposable sanitary products. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the lates
25、t edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1067, Adhesives - Examination and preparation of samples for testing EN ISO 15605, Adhesives - Sampling (ISO 15605:2000) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3
26、.1 friction resistance against sliding of two surfaces in contact with each other Note 1 to entry: A distinction is made between static friction and dynamic friction. 3.2 static friction threshold value of the friction between two relatively static bodies, where the force applied is insufficient to
27、cause relative motion which has to be overcome at the onset of sliding motion 3.3 dynamic friction friction between two bodies in relative motion to each other which remains after the static friction has been overcome at the given sliding speed 3.4 static frictional force FSforce necessary to overco
28、me the static friction 3.5 dynamic frictional force FDforce necessary to overcome the dynamic friction 3.6 normal force FNforce acting perpendicularly to the two surfaces in contact 3.7 coefficient of friction ratio of the frictional force to the normal force BS EN 14713:2016EN 14713:2016 (E) 6 3.8
29、static coefficient of friction nullSratio of the static frictional force to the normal force 3.9 dynamic coefficient of friction nullDratio of the dynamic frictional force to the normal force 4 Apparatus Specimens shall be conditioned for 24 h at 23 C and 50% RH. The test apparatus consists generall
30、y of a driving mechanism to produce a uniform relative motion between two sliding surfaces and a load cell to record the frictional force. The relative motion between the two surfaces may be produced in any suitable way, e.g. by means of a moving table (see Figure 1a) or by moving the measuring devi
31、ce in the opposite direction. Even the vertical motion of a tensile testing machine may be utilized if the frictional force or the motion that induces the friction is deflected in the vertical direction by a pulley (see Figure 1b). The force is recorded continuously by means of a suitable recording
32、device. BS EN 14713:2016EN 14713:2016 (E) 7 a) horizontal motion b) vertical motion Key 1 sledge 2 test specimens 3 testing table (rigid or movable) 4 load cell 5 reinforcement plate 6 spring 7 double-faced adhesive tape 8 direction of motion Figure 1 Test apparatus for the determination of friction
33、 properties BS EN 14713:2016EN 14713:2016 (E) 8 The test apparatus shall meet the following requirements: 1) supporting surface of the testing table (see 3 in Figure 1) shall be flat and smooth; 2) normal force shall be generated by a sledge (see 1 in Figure 1) with a square-shaped contact surface o
34、f approximately 4 000 mm2and an edge length of 63 mm. For the purpose of uniform distribution of pressure, the base of the sledge shall be covered with an elastic material 2 mm to 3 mm thick, e.g. rubber. Care shall be taken to ensure that the structure of this material is smooth enough to avoid emb
35、ossing thin layers. The total mass of the sledge shall be (200 2) g; 3) motion that induces the friction process shall be free of vibration and shall have a speed of (100 10) mm/min; 4) deviation of the force measuring system, including the recording instrument, shall not exceed 2,5 %. The direction
36、 in which the frictional force is applied shall be in line with the frictional plane; 5) for the measurement of static friction, the coefficient of elasticity of the force measuring system shall be adjusted to (2 0,2) N/cm by means of an interconnected spring. For the measurement of the dynamic fric
37、tion, the spring shall be replaced by a rigid connection if the vibromotive force effect occurs. The inertia of the mass of the sledge induces an additional force at the beginning of the sledge movement. Thus, the coefficient of friction is increased by a slight amount : =/Dmvg(1) where v is the spe
38、ed of the sledge relative to the testing table; m is the mass of the sledge; g is the acceleration of gravity (= 9 810 mm/s2); D is the coefficient of elasticity. 5 Test specimens 5.1 Sampling Take a sample of the adhesive to be tested in accordance with EN ISO 15605. Examine and prepare it for test
39、ing in accordance with EN 1067. 5.2 Preparation of test specimens For each measurement two test specimens, each measuring approximately 80 mm 200 mm, are required. At least three such pairs, uniformly distributed over the width of the sheeting, or in the case of tubular film, over the circumference,
40、 shall be tested. Unless otherwise specified, the longitudinal axis and thus the testing direction shall be parallel to the direction of the film or of the wax or adhesive coating. Extreme care shall be taken when handling the test specimens. Fingerprints, dust and any other foreign matter shall be
41、avoided. BS EN 14713:2016EN 14713:2016 (E) 9 Testing of three pairs of test specimens represents a minimum for estimating the scatter. Depending on the intended precision and the homogeneity of the material under test, the number of tested specimens may have to be increased. Many films contain addit
42、ives, which may migrate to the surface during the conditioning period and alter the frictional properties. As these effects are time-dependent, results of measurements made on these films shall be related to the date of manufacture of the film. 6 Procedure 6.1 General For the tests described in 6.2
43、and 6.3, apparatus as shown in Figure 1 shall be used. If a different, but equivalent arrangement is used, the procedure shall still be the same. Any deviations from the parameters specified, in response to special conditions encountered in practice, shall be stated in the test report see 8 h). 6.2
44、Friction measurement A: Coating against coating Fix the first specimen (see Figure 1) to the testing table with double-faced adhesive tape, the longitudinal axis of the specimen coinciding with that of the testing table. Lay the second specimen on top of the first one and place the sledge on top gen
45、tly without shock or additional pressure, connect to the load cell via the spring, the connection to the load cell shall not yet be tensioned. The clearance shall not exceed 2 mm. After 15 s, start the motion of the testing table and the recording of the frictional force. After approximately 60 mm t
46、ravel, the test may be ended. If, after the static friction has been overcome, the vibromotive force effect occurs, the oscillations of the force on the graph mean that the dynamic frictional force cannot be determined. In this case, the dynamic coefficient of friction shall be determined by a separ
47、ate measurement (on new specimens), the spring being replaced by a rigid connection. 6.3 Friction measurement B: Coating against the uncoated side of the test specimen or surface of other material If the frictional behaviour of a coated surface of a substrate is to be determined against its reverse
48、side or against a surface made of another material, the material under test shall be fixed to the testing table. Otherwise, the same test procedure shall be used in accordance with 6.2. The coefficients of friction so determined are not material-specific parameters, but are dependent on both the mat
49、erials and the surface finishes of the two sliding surfaces. If different coated surfaces are measured against the same metal surface, it should be remembered that the surface properties may change as a result of abrasion through repeated use. Also, the transfer of additives from the adhesive coating to the other surface should be noted. Any deposits of this sort shall be carefully removed by cleaning. 7 Expression of results 7.1 Static friction From the force recorded, the maximum of the linear rise in force represents the static frictional force, F
