1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58packaging materials under simulated composting conditions in a laboratory scale testThe European St
2、andard EN 14806:2005 has the status of a British StandardICS 55.040; 13.030.99Packaging Preliminary evaluation of the disintegration of BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 14806:2005BS EN 14806:2005This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 12 Decembe
3、r 2005 BSI 12 December 2005ISBN 0 580 46920 4The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the
4、 BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.Summary of
5、 pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 18, an inside back cover and a back cover.The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsA list
6、of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.Cross-referencesenquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK.National foreword
7、This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 14806:2005.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PKW/4, Packaging and the environment, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible interna
8、tional/European committee any EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 14806July 2005ICS 55.040; 13.030.99English VersionPackaging - Preliminary evaluation of the disintegration ofpackaging materials under simulated composting conditions in alaboratory scale testEmballage - Evaluation prlim
9、inaire de la dsintgrationdes matriaux demballage dans des conditions simulesde compostage dans le cadre dun essai lchelle dulaboratoireVerpackung - Vorbeurteilung des Auflsens vonVerpackungsmaterial unter simuliertenKompostierungsbedingungen im LabormastabThis European Standard was approved by CEN o
10、n 13 June 2005.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be
11、obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Se
12、cretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Por
13、tugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedwo
14、rldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14806:2005: EEN 14806:2005 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 Introduction4 1 Scope .5 2 Normative references .5 3 Terms and definitions.5 4 Principle.6 5 Synthetic solid waste6 6 Composting reactor 7 7 Procedure 7 8 Monitoring the composting process .9 9 Che
15、mical analysis.10 10 Termination of the test .10 11 Calculation of degree of disintegration.11 12 Validity of the test .11 13 Test report .12 Annex A (informative) Synthetic Waste Composition13 Annex B (informative) Test Set-up 14 Annex C (informative) Final Compost Characterisation after Sieving15
16、Annex D (informative) Water Addition and Turning of Composting Mass .16 Annex E (informative) Degree of Disintegration.17 Bibliography.18 EN 14806:2005 (E) 3 Foreword This European Standard (EN 14806:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 261 “Packaging”, the secretariat of which is h
17、eld by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2006. According to the CEN/CENELEC Intern
18、al Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherl
19、ands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 14806:2005 (E) 4 Introduction The method does not require special bioreactors and it is well suited to be run at laboratory scale in any general purpose laboratory. It requires the use of a standard
20、, homogeneous synthetic waste. The synthetic waste components are dry, clean, safe products which can be stored in the laboratory without any problem neither of smell nor of health. The synthetic waste is of constant composition and devoid of any undesired packaging material, which could be erroneou
21、sly identified as test material at the end of testing, altering the final evaluation. The bioreactors are small, the amount of synthetic waste to be composted is also very small (about 3 L) and, likewise, the amount of test materials specimens is very limited, with an overall simplification of the t
22、est procedures. The test method is not aimed at determining the biodegradability of packaging materials under composting conditions and does not cover environmental safety and ecotoxicity issues. Further testing is necessary for claiming compostability. EN 14806:2005 (E) 5 1 Scope This laboratory sc
23、ale test method using synthetic waste aims at simulating the environmental conditions found in industrial composting plants. Packaging materials exposed to this environment can be preliminary assessed for disintegrability. A negative result does not necessarily mean that the test material is not dis
24、integrating under industrial composting conditions. This test does not replace the acceptance disintegration test as specified in EN 14045, in accordance with EN 13432. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this European Standard. For date
25、d references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 3310-1, Test sieves Technical requirements and testing Part 1: Test sieves of metal wire cloth. EN 13193:2000, Packaging Packaging and the envir
26、onment Terminology. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN 13193:2000 and the following apply. 3.1 compost organic soil conditioner obtained by biodegradation of a mixture consisting principally of vegetable residues, occasionally wi
27、th other organic material and having a limited mineral content 3.2 compostability potential of a material to be biodegraded in a composting process 3.3 composting aerobic process designed to produce compost 3.4 disintegration physical falling apart of a material into very small fragments 3.5 dry mas
28、s mass of a sample measured after drying. It is expressed as a percentage of the mass of the wet sample 3.6 total dry solids amount of solids obtained by taking a known amount of test material or compost and drying at about 105 C to constant weight. 3.7 volatile solids amount of solids obtained by s
29、ubtracting the residue of a known amount of test material or compost after incineration at about (550 10) C from the total dry solids content of the same sample NOTE The volatile-solids content is representative for the amount of organic matter present. EN 14806:2005 (E) 6 4 Principle The test metho
30、d evaluates the degree of disintegration of test materials at laboratory scale under conditions similar to an intensive aerobic composting process. The solid matrix used consists of a synthetic solid waste inoculated with compost derived from a composting plant. Specimens of the test material are co
31、-composted with the synthetic solid waste. The degree of disintegration is determined, after a composting cycle, by sieving the final matrix through a 2 mm sieve in order to recover the not disintegrated residues of test material. The missing mass of the test material is considered as disintegrated
32、and used to calculate the degree of disintegration. 5 Synthetic solid waste A synthetic waste, whose composition is described in Table 1, is needed in order to perform the test. Table 1 Composition of synthetic solid waste Material dry mass % Sawdust 40 rabbit-feed 30 compost 10 starch 10 saccharose
33、 4 cornseed oil 4 urea 2 Total 100 Sawdust of untreated wood shall be used. The sawdust shall be sieved with a 5 mm sieve before application. NOTE Wood from deciduous trees should preferably be used. The rabbit-feed shall be a commercial product based on alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and vegetable-meals
34、. If a product with a different composition is used, it shall be mentioned in the test report. The protein content of the rabbit-feed shall be of about 15 % and the cellulose content of about 20 %. Well aerated compost from a properly operating aerobic composting plant should be used as the inoculum
35、. The compost inoculum should be homogeneous and free from large inert objects such as among others glass, stones or pieces of metal. Remove them manually and then sieve the compost on a screen of about 0,5 cm 1 cm. It is recommended that compost from a plant composting the organic fraction of solid
36、 municipal waste is used in order to ensure sufficient diversity of micro-organisms. If such a compost is not available, compost from plants treating of farmyard waste or mixtures of garden waste and solid municipal solid waste may be used. The compost shall not be older than 4 months. EN 14806:2005
37、 (E) 7 Synthetic waste is manually prepared by mixing the different components listed in Table 1. The allowed tolerance on the mass measurements of the synthetic waste components, water included, is of 5 %. Water is then added to the mixture to adjust its final water content to about 55 % by weight
38、in total. This operation should be performed before start-up. The synthetic waste shall have a carbon:nitrogen (C/N) ratio preferably comprised between 20-30. The urea concentration can be changed to adjust the C/N value to the prefixed range. In this case the concentration of the other components s
39、hall be proportionally adjusted in order to bring the total sum to 100. 6 Composting reactor The composting reactor is a box made with a suitable inert material which does not affect the composting process, having preferably the following dimensions: 30 cm 20 cm 10 cm (l, w, h). In the series the co
40、ntainer chosen shall not vary more than 5 % in dimensions. The box shall be provided with a lid assuring a tight closing to avoid an excessive evaporation. Additionally the closing between box and lid may be sealed with an adhesive tape. In the middle of the two 20 cm wide sides, a hole of 5 mm in d
41、iameter shall be applied at a height of about 6,5 cm from the bottom. The two holes provide gas exchange between the inner atmosphere and the outside environment. NOTE Attention should be paid not to cover the holes with the adhesive tape, or in any other way. Other containers with a volume between
42、5 L and 20 L may also be used, provided that it is preliminary verified that unfavourable anaerobic conditions are not produced. The container should be closed in a way to avoid excessive drying out of the content. At the same time openings shall be provided in order to enable gas exchange and ensur
43、e aerobic conditions throughout the composting phase. 7 Procedure 7.1 Sample preparation The test material shall be cut in order to get specimens with the fixed dimensions defined in Table 2, based on the test materials thickness. The mass of the specimens is determined in material dried to constant
44、 mass. The drying technique used at this stage shall also be used at the end of the test for assessing the final mass of specimens (see 10.2). Table 2 Dimension of the specimens to be used in the disintegration test Thickness of the test material mm Dimension of specimens mm 5 25 25 original thickne
45、ss 5 15 15 thickness 15 7.2 Start-up of the test At least two reactors are prepared for each test material. The specimen of the test materials are mixed with 1 Kg of wet synthetic waste. The mass of the specimens shall comprise between 5 g and 20 g per reactor, according to the volume occupied by th
46、e specimens. The ratio between the specimen mass and the wet synthetic waste mass shall be, therefore, in the range 0,5 % 2 %. The mass of the specimens effectively added to each reactor is recorded. The mixture is spread on the bottom of the reactor forming a homogeneous layer. The mixture should n
47、ot be pressed, to support the gas exchange also with the inner parts of the bed. NOTE It could be useful to run in parallel a blank reactor, with no test material, as a means of controlling the evolution of the composting reaction. EN 14806:2005 (E) 8 7.3 Temperature profile Each reactor is closed,
48、weighed, and placed into an oven with air circulation maintained at a constant temperature of (58 2) C. Optionally, after 30 days the temperature can be lowered. The range of temperature allowed is between room temperature (21 C) and 58 C. The maximum test duration is 90 days. The diagram in Figure
49、1 shows possible temperature profiles, as an example. After 28 days 25 g of fertile soil or compost may be added to each reactor as a re-inoculation. After soil addition, the content is gently mixed. The nature of soil or compost shall be indicated in the final report. NOTE It is known that a higher microbial activity towards ligno-cellulose is reached at temperatures between (35 - 40) C. Therefore, when testing ligno-cellulosic materials it is suggested to shift the test temperature
