1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58turf and unbound mineral surfaces for outdoor sports areasThe European Standard EN 14954:2005 has t
2、he status of a British StandardICS 97.220.10Surfaces for sports areas Determination of hardness of natural BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 14954:2005BS EN 14954:2005This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 26 November 2005 BSI 26 November 2005IS
3、BN 0 580 47316 3The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or
4、of British Standards Online.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.Summary of pagesThis document comprises
5、 a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 7 and a back cover.The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsA list of organizations represented on this committee can b
6、e obtained on request to its secretary.Cross-referencesenquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK.National forewordThis British Standard is the official English langua
7、ge version of EN 14954:2005.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PRI/57, Surfaces for sports areas, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EU
8、ROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 14954November 2005ICS 97.220.10English VersionSurfaces for sports areas - Determination of hardness of naturalturf and unbound mineral surfaces for outdoor sports areasSols sportifs - Dtermination de la duret du gazon naturelet des sols minraux non lis pour les terrains de s
9、port deplein airSportbden - Bestimmung der Hrte von Naturrasen undungebundenen mineralischen Belgen fr Sportbden frden AuenbereichThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 12 September 2005.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions f
10、or giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official v
11、ersions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium,
12、Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROP
13、EN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14954:2005: EEN 14954:2005 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 1 Scope .4 2 Princ
14、iple.4 3 Apparatus 4 4 Procedure 4 5 Number and distribution of readings 5 6 Expression of results5 7 Test report .5 Bibliography.7 EN 14954:2005 (E) 3 Foreword This European Standard (EN 14954:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 217 “Surfaces for sports areas”, the secretariat of
15、which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2006. According to the CEN/CENELEC Intern
16、al Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherl
17、ands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 14954:2005 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of hardness of natural turf and unbound mineral surfaces. 2 Principle A cylindrical weight is released from a
18、 standard height onto the surface and its peak deceleration during impact is recorded. 3 Apparatus 3.1 Test weight, comprising a solid metal, plane-ended cylinder containing an accelerometer (3.2) securely fastened within a protective housing. The accelerometer shall be attached to a BNC connector (
19、see Figure 1). The total mass of the assembly shall be (2,5 0,005) kg for testing natural turf and (4,5 0,005) kg for testing unbound mineral surfaces. 3.2 Accelerometer, the signal from which shall be conditioned by an amplifier and a filter. The gain of the amplifier shall be adjusted to match the
20、 output of the associated accelerometer so that the instrument displays hardness value directly. The filter shall be a two-pole low-pass Bessel filter with a 500 Hz cut-off frequency. NOTE This type of filter is used because it has minimal overshoot with a step input signal. The filter output shall
21、be digitized by a micro-controller. The micro-controller shall sample the accelerometer output at a frequency of 20 kHz. The micro-controller shall determine the peak acceleration from the digitised waveform and use it to calculate the hardness value. The hardness value and drop number shall be disp
22、layed on the hand-held read-out. The drop number indicator shall increase with each measurement. 3.3 Coaxial cable, to connect the test weight to a recording meter (3.4). 3.4 Recording meter, capable of reading and displaying the peak deceleration of the test weight during impact with the test surfa
23、ce, filtered to limit the frequency to below 7 kHz and showing the deceleration in gravities (g). NOTE Some meters show deceleration as impact values, where one impact value is equal to ten gravities. In such cases the displayed values will have to be multiplied by ten to convert to gravities. 3.5 G
24、uide tube, to control the height of drop of the test weight while not restricting its free fall. The guide tube shall have a diameter of (54 1) mm and a length of at least 600 mm. An air vent having a diameter of (10 1) mm shall be positioned (40 10) mm from the base of the tube. The guide tube typi
25、cally has a circular flange at the base of approximately 150 mm diameter to allow the tube to stand vertically. NOTE The apparatus described is similar in principle to that described by Clegg 1. 4 Procedure Position the guide tube vertically on the surface to be tested and drop the impact weight dow
26、n the tube. One of the following two release heights shall be used: a) for soccer, rugby and hockey pitches, the release height shall be (550 10) mm; b) for golf, cricket and lawn bowls, the release height shall be (300 10) mm. EN 14954:2005 (E) 5 After the impact of the weight on the surface, recor
27、d the peak deceleration in units of gravities (taking the acceleration due to the gravity into account). Carry out the test five times consecutively on the same spot. After each series of five readings move the guide apparatus so that the weight does not impact with the surface on the same spot twic
28、e. Record the value of the fifth drop if it does not deviate more than two impact values from the previous one (20 g). If the value lies outside this range, consider the results as invalid and repeat the test. 5 Number and distribution of readings Unless otherwise specified, take at least eight read
29、ings at random on areas less than 100 m2, take 8 to15 readings, as appropriate, on areas of 100 m2to 1 000 m2 and 15 to20 readings for areas of 1 000 m2to 5 000 m2. Subdivide larger areas into two or more areas for testing. 6 Expression of results For the 2,5 kg impact weight, hardness value is equa
30、l to the peak of g. For the 4,5 kg impact weight, hardness value is equal to the peak of g/10. Calculate the mean hardness value for each area. 7 Test report The test report shall include the following information: a) reference to this European Standard i.e. EN 14954:2005; b) complete identification
31、 of the surface tested, including its location, area and previous history; c) mean value of impact value and hardness; d) individual test results, if required; e) details of any deviation from the procedure. EN 14954:2005 (E) 6 Dimensions in millimetres Key 1 To meter 2 BNC connector 3 Accelerometer
32、 Figure 1 Test weight EN 14954:2005 (E) 7 Bibliography 1 Clegg B (1976) An impact testing device for in situ base course evaluation. Australian Road Res. Bureau Proc. 8, 1-6 BS EN BSI389 Chiswick High RoadLondonW4 4AL14954:2005BSI British Standards InstitutionBSI is the independent national body res
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