1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58The European Standard EN 14968:2006 has the status of a British StandardICS 13.060.10; 35.240.99Sem
2、antics for groundwater data interchangeBRITISH STANDARDBS EN 14968:2006BS EN 14968:2006This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 29 September 2006 BSI 2006ISBN 0 580 49297 4Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Commentscontra
3、ct. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.National forewordThis British Standard was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of EN 14968:2006.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Te
4、chnical Committee CPI/113, Hydrometry.A list of organizations represented on CPI/113 can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 14968August 2006ICS 13.060.10; 35.240.99En
5、glish VersionSemantics for groundwater data interchangeSmantique pour lchange de donnes concernant leseaux souterrainesSemantik fr den Austausch von GrundwasserdatenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 August 2006.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations w
6、hich stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Stan
7、dard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standar
8、ds bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN
9、COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14968:2006: EEN 14968:2006 (E) 2 Con
10、tents Page Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Terms and definitions .5 3 File structure for data interchange 7 4 Piezometric concepts7 5 Interchange prerequisites.14 6 Object dictionary14 7 Attribute dictionary20 Annex A (normative) Data model 43 Annex B (informative) Lithology name.45 Bibliograp
11、hy 50 EN 14968:2006 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 14968:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 318 “Hydrometry”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endors
12、ement, at the latest by February 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2007. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belg
13、ium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 14968:2006 (E) 4 Introduction
14、 Piezometric data, e.g groundwater level, pressure, groundwater flow, represent a valuable resource and their value is likely to increase in the context of today at the European, national and local levels. Indeed, the environment is one of the main concerns of the European Union, and it is reflected
15、 in the new EU Directives such as the “EU Water Framework Directive“ requesting that knowledge regarding environment be shared at the national or international levels. Equally, groundwater quantitative data also represent a source of wealth for local actors (cities, local authorities, private compan
16、ies, etc.) in undertaking their present activity. For example, a town that uses groundwater for drinking water needs groundwater data to define its drinking water policy, and run its drinking water plant. Towns can directly provide the data that they need or, if data are not available; they have to
17、collect them from various producers that are sometimes located in different countries. In this latter case, this standard provides for a unique data exchange interface which will help towns to collect data more easily and producers to disseminate them quicker. The aim of this standard is to describe
18、 data necessary to produce “initial“ groundwater quantitative data. The description of aggregate data for groundwater lies outside the scope of this standard. For example, the depth measurement can be carried out in accordance with this standard, but not the altitude measurement. This standard is de
19、signed to meet producers needs and not to define data that are required for exchange between national or European organizations. This standard gives the complete semantic basis necessary to store and exchange groundwater quantitative data. To perform such exchanges, the producer may use a XML file s
20、uch as recommended by European organizations but these semantics can be used with other file formats (text file, HTML). EN 14968:2006 (E) 5 1 Scope This standard covers the semantics (meaning) of data exchanged between data producers, users and databanks, independently from the software device and t
21、he formats used to exchange the files. It provides a consistent set of terms defining selected objects and their related attributes. The standard is not applicable to: data describing domestic uses (drinking water, waste water) or qualitative aspects ; real time data or data calculated from models;
22、all the various characteristics on the organizations exchanging data concerned; debimetric measures. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 aquifer system hydrogeological entity within which all components are in hydraulic continuity
23、 and that is bound by limits representing an obstacle for the dissemination of any perceptible effect outside the system 2.2 archive data data stored to keep knowledge about an object for a given period of time 2.3 attribute characteristic of an object or entity ISO/IEC 11179-1 2.4 calculated data d
24、ata established from calculations carried out to reach different goals: forecast, simulation, design, etc. 2.5 concept unit of thought constituted through abstraction on the basis of characteristics common to a set of objects 2.6 data representation of facts, concepts, or instructions in a formalize
25、d manner, suitable for communication, interpretation, or processing by humans or by automatic means 2.7 data element unit of data for which the definition, identification, representation, and permissible values are specified by means of a set of attributes ISO/IEC 11179-1 EN 14968:2006 (E) 6 2.8 dat
26、a element dictionary information resource that lists and defines all relevant data elements 2.9 data interchange process of sending and receiving data in such a manner that the information content or meaning assigned to the data is not altered during the transmission 2.10 data length maximum size gi
27、ven in a number of characters 2.11 data producer private or public entity in charge of data production and responsible for the validity of these data when they are published 2.12 data model description of the organization of data in a manner that reflects an information structure NOTE See Annex A. 2
28、.13 data type format used for the collection of letters, digits, and/or symbols, to depict values of a data element, determined by the operations that may be performed on the data element 2.14 definition statement that expresses the essential nature of a data element and permits its differentiation
29、from all other data elements 2.15 entity any concrete or abstract thing of interest, including associations among things 2.16 information (in information processing): knowledge concerning objects, such as facts, events, things, processes, or ideas, including concepts, that within a certain context h
30、as a particular meaning 2.17 metadata data that defines and describes other data ISO/IEC 11179-1 2.18 object any part of the conceivable or perceivable world 2.19 real time data data generally taken from devices for the immediate knowledge of a phenomenon state EN 14968:2006 (E) 7 3 File structure f
31、or data interchange The data included in the directories presented in Clauses 6 and 7 can be used with any method for data interchange. Any file format can be used to exchange data according to this standard provided that it has no impact on the data structure and the semantics described in the foll
32、owing clauses. 4 Piezometric concepts 4.1 Piezometric time series 4.1.1 General Piezometric time series are a record of the groundwater level over time. They associate a date to the groundwater level at a given moment. Depending on the variability of the groundwater level, measurements will be more
33、or less frequent over a period of time. The groundwater level measurements shall be positive or negative according to the measurement point (see Figure 1). Measurements are negative when the groundwater level rises above the measurement point (as with an artesian well), and positive in all the other
34、 cases. 4123Key 1 height (-) 2 level zero 3 depth to groundwater level (+) 4 measurement point Figure 1 Qualification of the groundwater level measurements 4.1.2 Type of time series 4.1.2.1 General The groundwater level is measured with discontinuous or continuous time series. EN 14968:2006 (E) 8 4.
35、1.2.2 Discontinuous time series Discontinuous time series are sets of level measures observed with or without any specific frequency (see Figure 2). 12Key 1 time 2 depth to groundwater level Figure 2 Discontinuous time series With this kind of time series, the evolution of the groundwater level betw
36、een two measures is unknown. Figure 3 shows that measures (example A) conceal two radically different evolutions (examples B and C) of the groundwater level. 121221Example A Example B Example C Key 1 time 2 depth to groundwater level Figure 3 Elevation of the groundwater level between measurements E
37、N 14968:2006 (E) 9 Piezometric measurements shall be made with a sensor. If the sensor does not operate for a shorttime, e.g. sensor breakdown, or if the result has no meaning, at least one piezometric measurement will be missing. In such a case, the missing data shall be identified because there is
38、 no continuous series for the measure preceding this missing data and the measure coming after. 4.1.2.3 Continuous time series The groundwater level is known at any moment during the period covered by the continuous time series. Indeed, continuous time series are curves resulting from a permanent me
39、asurement of the groundwater level. Time series shall be obtained by using graphical or electronic devices. 4.1.3 Time series presentation Each time series is represented by a set of points in succession over time. Each point represents the groundwater level at a given moment. Points represent the m
40、easures of discontinuous time series or the curve inflection point of the continuous time series. To indicate the continuity between two points as shown in Figure 4, each point may be linked to the preceding point. If a point is not linked, it is the first point of a new sequence in the time series.
41、 The presence of an initial point therefore indicates that data were not available for the preceding period. 32451Key 1 initial points 2 depth 3 time 4 current points 5 discontinuity Figure 4 Continuous time series presentation 4.1.4 Validation of the measurements The validity of each measurement is
42、 described according to the type of measurement method used. Four scenarios are possible: a) Impossible to validate; EN 14968:2006 (E) 10 b) Valid; c) Suspect ; d) Not valid ; By default, all values are specified as Not validated yet. The operator shall then assign one of the above- mentioned qualif
43、ications after examination. A measurement is validated when the producer believes that the data and all the different procedures used to produce them comply with the monitoring protocol. A measurement is not valid when the producer believes that the data or the procedures used to produce them do not
44、 comply with the measurement protocol. A measurement is “Impossible to validate“ when the operator does not have the information available to determine the validity of the data production according to the measurement protocol ( e.g. historical data from archives). 4.2 Piezometer station 4.2.1 Genera
45、l A piezometer is one method of measuring the piezometric height at a point within an aquifer system. It indicates the pressure at this point, enabling the observer to record the phreatic level or pressure. In the data interchange, only the depths to groundwater level of a piezometer are exchanged.
46、According to the scope of this standard, the concept of “piezometer“ is extended to all artificial structures (well, borehole, gravel-pit) or natural structures (swallow, hole, grottos) which enables the groundwater level to be measured. Each piezometer shall have a unique code given by the country
47、where it is located. 4.2.2 Key features of a piezometer 4.2.2.1 General Each piezometer has two key features: the level measurement point and the altitude benchmark measurement point as shown in Figure 5. EN 14968:2006 (E) 11 162345Key 1 plinth 2 level measurement point 3 altitude of surface in rela
48、tion to the national altitude reference system 4 depth to groundwater level 5 groundwater level 6 altitude benchmark point Figure 5 Key features of a piezometer 4.2.2.2 Level measurement point The level measurement point is the location on the piezometer used as a marker to measure the depth of the
49、groundwater level (for example: the side of the tube of the borehole, the edge of the well, the reference ground level on a gravel-pit, etc.). The level measurement point is 0, which is the basis for all depth measures. It applies to all measurement points. The real height is defined by using benchmark points. 4.2.2.3 Altitude benchmarks Altitude benchmark points are used to compare data from all the piezometers in an aquifer system in order to determine the groundwater level of the system. Three main locations are
