1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 14997:2015Characterization of waste Leaching behaviour test Influence of pH on leachingwith continuous pH controlBS EN 14997:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 14997:2015. It supersedes DD CEN/TS 14997:2006 which
2、is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/508/3, Characterization of waste.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of
3、a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2015.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 83657 2 ICS 13.030.01 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under
4、 the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2015.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 14997 March 2015 ICS 13.030.01 Supersedes CEN/TS 14997:2006English Version Characterization of
5、 waste - Leaching behaviour test - Influence of pH on leaching with continuous pH control Caractrisation des dchets - Essais de comportement la lixiviation - Influence du pH sur la lixiviation avec contrle continu du pH Charakterisierung von Abfllen - Untersuchung des Elutionsverhaltens - Einfluss d
6、es pH-Wertes auf die Elution bei kontinuierlicher pH-Wert-Kontrolle This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 December 2014. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national stan
7、dard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in a
8、ny other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Rep
9、ublic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEA
10、N COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 14997:2015 EBS EN 1
11、4997:2015EN 14997:2015 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 4 Introduction .5 1 Scope 7 2 Normative references 7 3 Terms and definitions .7 4 Symbols and abbreviations 8 5 Principle 9 6 Reagents .9 7 Equipment . 10 7.1 General . 10 7.2 Laboratory equipment 10 8 Sample preparation 11 8.1 Laboratory sample 11
12、 8.2 Preparation of the test sample 11 8.3 Determination of dry residue . 11 8.4 Preparation of the test portion 12 9 Procedure 12 9.1 Contact time 12 9.2 pH range 12 9.3 Leaching test . 12 9.3.1 General . 12 9.3.2 Preparation of leachant 13 9.3.3 Leaching procedure . 15 9.4 Natural pH 16 10 Eluate
13、treatment, storage and analysis 16 11 Blank test . 16 12 Performance characteristics . 17 13 Test report . 17 Annex A (informative) Example of a data sheet 19 Annex B (informative) Operation and uses of the test Influence of pH on the leaching behaviour . 20 B.1 Clarification of the two modes of ope
14、ration of the test: influence of pH on the leaching behaviour . 20 B.2 Expression of results . 22 B.3 Scope and limits of the application field of the test 22 B.3.1 Remarks on the use of pH dependence test results to assess the effects of ageing . 22 B.3.2 Examples of test result use and considerati
15、ons on scope 23 B.4 Example: Identification of the sensitivity of leaching to pH over the environmentally relevant pH range 24 Annex C (informative) Preliminary determination of the acid/base consumption 25 C.1 General . 25 C.2 Titration procedure to estimate the ANC and the BNC . 25 BS EN 14997:201
16、5EN 14997:2015 (E) 3 C.2.1 Reagents and laboratory devices 25 C.2.2 Test portion 25 C.2.3 Procedure . 25 C.2.4 Expression of results 26 C.3 Arbitrary division of the maximum acid/base consumption for the extreme pH values . 27 C.3.1 General . 27 C.3.2 Reagents and laboratory devices 27 C.3.3 Test po
17、rtion 27 C.3.4 Procedure . 27 C.3.5 Expression of results 28 Annex D (informative) Examples of acid and base neutralization capacities for waste, soil, sediment and construction materials 29 D.1 Examples of acid and base neutralization capacities . 29 D.2 Use of acid and base neutralization capacity
18、 data 31 Annex E (informative) Repeatability and reproducibility data 32 E.1 Materials used in the interlaboratory comparison study 32 E.2 Interlaboratory comparison results . 32 Bibliography 50 BS EN 14997:2015EN 14997:2015 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 14997:2015) has been prepared by Technical
19、 Committee CEN/TC 292 “Characterization of waste”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2015, and conflicting national standards shall
20、 be withdrawn at the latest by September 2015. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes CEN/TS 14997:2
21、006. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. The following significant technical changes have been implemented in this new edition of the text: the status of the document has been changed from a CEN/TS into an E
22、uropean Standard; performance data has been added (see Annex E). According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Est
23、onia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 14997:2015EN 149
24、97:2015 (E) 5 Introduction This document has been developed primarily to support the requirements for leaching behaviour testing within EU and EFTA countries. This document specifies a test method for the determination of the influence of pH on the leachability of inorganic constituents from waste m
25、aterials. For the complete characterization of the leaching behaviour of waste under specified conditions the application of other test methods is required (see EN 12920). Anyone dealing with waste and sludge analysis should be aware of the typical risks of that kind of material irrespective of the
26、parameter to be determined. Waste and sludge samples can contain hazardous (e.g. toxic, reactive, flammable, infectious) substances, which can be liable to biological and/or chemical reaction. Consequently these samples should be handled with special care. Gases which can be produced by microbiologi
27、cal or chemical activity are potentially flammable and will pressurize sealed bottles. Bursting bottles are likely to result in hazardous shrapnel, dust and/or aerosol. National regulations will be followed with respect to all hazards associated with this method. In the different European countries,
28、 tests have been developed to characterize and assess the constituents which can be leached from waste materials. The release of soluble constituents upon contact with water is regarded as one of the main mechanism of release which results in a potential risk to the environment during life-cycle of
29、waste materials (disposal or re-use scenario). The intent of these tests is to identify the leaching properties of waste materials. The complexity of the leaching process makes simplifications necessary. Not all of the relevant aspects of leaching behaviour can be addressed in one single standard. P
30、rocedures to characterize the behaviour of waste materials can generally be divided into three steps, using different tests in relation to the objective. The following test hierarchy is taken from the Landfill Directive 1)and the Decision on Annex II of this Directive 2)for disposal of waste. a) Bas
31、ic characterization constitutes a full characterization of the waste by gathering all the necessary information for a safe management of the waste in the short and long term. Basic characterization may provide information on the waste (type and origin, composition, consistency, leachability, etc.),
32、information for understanding the behaviour of waste in the considered management scenario, comparison of waste properties against limit values, and detection of key variables (critical parameters as liquid/solid (L/S) ratios, leachant composition, factors controlling leachability such as pH, redox
33、potential, complexing capacity and physical parameters) for compliance testing and options for simplification of compliance testing. Characterization may deliver ratios between test results from basic characterization and results from simplified test procedures as well as information on a suitable f
34、requency for compliance testing. In addition to the leaching behaviour, the composition of the waste should be known or determined by testing. The tests used for basic characterization should always include those to be used for compliance testing. b) Compliance testing is used to demonstrate that th
35、e sample of today fits the population of samples tested before by basic characterization and through that, is used to carry out compliance with regulatory limit values. The compliance test should therefore always be part of the basic characterization program. The compliance test focuses on key varia
36、bles and leaching behaviour identified by basic characterization tests. Parts of basic characterization tests can also be used for compliance purposes. 1) Council Directive 1999/31/EC of 26 April 1999 on the landfill of waste. 2) Council Decision 2003/33/EC of 19 December 2002. BS EN 14997:2015EN 14
37、997:2015 (E) 6 c) On-site verification tests are used as a rapid check to confirm that the waste is the same as that which has been subjected to characterization or compliance tests. On-site verification tests are not necessarily leaching tests. The test procedure described in this document is a bas
38、ic characterization test and falls in category a). According to EN 12920 the evaluation of the release of constituents from waste materials in a certain scenario involves the performance of various tests. The test described in this European Standard is carried out by continuous automated adjustment
39、of pH. Size reduction is performed to facilitate approaching of equilibrium. This test is different from the “Influence of pH on leaching with initial acid/base addition“ (see EN 14429) in which the pH is controlled by addition of pre-determined amounts of acid or base to reach desired end pH values
40、. The test is aiming at approaching equilibrium at the end of the procedure. NOTE In Annex B specific uses of both the pH dependence test with initial acid/ base addition and the pH dependence test with continuous pH control are indicated. BS EN 14997:2015EN 14997:2015 (E) 7 1 Scope This European St
41、andard specifies a method for the determination of the influence of pH on the leachability of inorganic constituents from a waste material. Approaching equilibrium as defined in this European Standard is established by continuous adjustment of the pH by addition of acid or base to reach desired pH v
42、alues. This test method produces eluates, which are subsequently characterized physically and chemically. This European Standard is a parameter specific test as specified in EN 12920. The application of this test method alone is not sufficient for the determination of the detailed leaching behaviour
43、 of a waste under specified conditions. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the
44、referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 14346:2006, Characterization of waste Calculation of dry matter by determination of dry residue or water content EN 14899, Characterization of waste Sampling of waste materials Framework for the preparation and application of a Sampling Plan
45、 EN 15002, Characterization of waste Preparation of test portions from the laboratory sample EN 16192, Characterization of waste Analysis of eluates EN ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use Specification and test methods (ISO 3696) EN ISO 5667-3, Water quality Sampling Part 3: Preservation a
46、nd handling of water samples (ISO 5667-3) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 dry residue wdrremaining mass fraction of a sample after a drying process at 105 C SOURCE: EN 14346:2006 3.2 eluate solution obtained by a leaching test
47、 3.3 equilibrium condition achieved when the acid or base consumption during a checking period at the last 4 h of the test is less than 2 % of the total acid or base consumption during the entire test BS EN 14997:2015EN 14997:2015 (E) 8 3.4 laboratory sample sample or subsample(s) sent to or receive
48、d by the laboratory SOURCE: IUPAC, 1990 Note 1 to entry: When the laboratory sample is further prepared (reduced) by subdividing, cutting, crushing, sawing, coring, or by combinations of these operations, the result is the test sample. When no preparation of the laboratory sample is required, the la
49、boratory sample is the test sample. A test portion is removed from the test sample for the performance of the test or for analysis. The laboratory sample is the final sample from the point of view of sampling but it is the initial sample from the point of view of the laboratory. Note 2 to entry: Several laboratory samples may be prepared and sent to different laboratories or to the same laboratory for different purposes. When sent to the same laboratory, the set is generally considered as a single laboratory sample and is documented as a single sam
