1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58composites at room temperature Determination of fatigue properties at constant amplitudeThe Europea
2、n Standard EN 15156:2006 has the status of a British StandardICS 81.060.30Advanced technical ceramics Mechanical properties of ceramic BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 15156:2006BS EN 15156:2006This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 29 Septembe
3、r 2006 BSI 2006ISBN 0 580 49052 1Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Commentscontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.National forewordThis British Standard was published by BSI. It is th
4、e UK implementation of EN 15156:2006. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee RPI/13, Advanced technical ceramics.A list of organizations represented on RPI/13 can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necess
5、ary provisions of a EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 15156August 2006ICS 81.060.30English VersionAdvanced technical ceramics - Mechanical properties of ceramiccomposites at room temperature - Determination of fatigueproperties at constant amplitudeCramiques techniques avances - Prop
6、rits mcaniquesdes cramiques composites temprature ambiante -Dtermination des proprits de fatigue amplitudeconstanteHochleistungskeramik - Mechanische Eigenschaften vonkeramischen Verbundwerkstoffen bei Raumtemperatur -Bestimmung der Dauerschwingeigenschaften beiBelastung mit konstanter AmplitudeThis
7、 European Standard was approved by CEN on 14 July 2006.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references c
8、oncerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own
9、 language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg,
10、 Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2006 CEN All rights of exp
11、loitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 15156:2006: EEN 15156:2006 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Terms, definitions and symbols.4 4 Principle8 5 Significance and use .8 6 Apparatus .9 6.1 Fatigue test machine
12、.9 6.2 Load train10 6.3 Extensometer .10 6.4 Data recording system 10 6.5 Micrometers10 7 Test specimens11 8 Test specimen preparation.12 8.1 Machining and preparation.12 8.2 Number of test specimens12 9 Test procedure.12 9.1 Measurement of test specimen dimensions .12 9.2 Testing technique 12 9.3 T
13、est validity 13 10 Calculation of results 13 10.1 Time to failure, tf13 10.2 Damage parameters 14 10.3 Residual properties .14 11 Test report 16 Annex A (informative) Schematic evolution of E .17 EN 15156:2006 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15156:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/
14、TC 184 “Advanced technical ceramics”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn
15、at the latest by February 2007. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ice
16、land, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 15156:2006 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the conditions for the determination of constant-amplitude of lo
17、ad or strain in uniaxial tension/tension or in uniaxial tension/compression cyclic fatigue properties of ceramic matrix composite materials (CMCs) with fibre reinforcement at room temperature. This European Standard applies to all ceramic matrix composites with fibre reinforcement, unidirectional (1
18、D), bi-directional (2D), and tri-directional (xD, where 2 150 0,5 l, calibrated length 30 to 80 0,5 h, thickness 2 0,2 b1, width in the calibrated length 8 to 20 0,2 b2, width B2= b1with = 1,2 to 2 0,2 r, radius 30 2 Parallelism of machined parts 0,05 - EN 15156:2006 (E) 12 8 Test specimen preparati
19、on 8.1 Machining and preparation During cutting out, care shall be taken to align the test specimen axis with the desired fibre related loading axis. Machining parameters which avoid damage to the material shall be established and documented. These parameters shall be adhered to during test specimen
20、 preparation. 8.2 Number of test specimens At least three valid test results, as specified in 9.3 are required for any condition. 9 Test procedure 9.1 Measurement of test specimen dimensions The cross-section area shall be determined at the centre of the specimen and at each end of the gauge length.
21、 The cross-section area varies with temperature and the variation is very difficult to measure. For this reason, the cross-section area shall be measured at room temperature. Dimensions shall be measured to an accuracy of 0,01 mm. The arithmetic means of the measurements shall be used for calculatio
22、ns. 9.2 Testing technique 9.2.1 Specimen mounting Install the test specimen in the gripping system with its longitudinal axis coincident with that of the test machine. Care shall be taken not to induce flexural or torsional loads in the test specimen. 9.2.2 Setting the extensometer If used, install
23、the extensometer centrally within the calibrated length. 9.2.3 Measurements zero the load cell; zero the extensometer, if applicable; set the maximum number of cycles, N; for method A, set the maximum and minimum stress values; for method B, set the maximum and minimum strain values; set the frequen
24、cy and the wave shape; EN 15156:2006 (E) 13 start the fatigue test: for method A, in load control mode; for method B, in strain control mode; record the number of cycles N or Nf; if an extensometer is used, record the stress-strain loops up to the total number of cycles. NOTE A specific computer pro
25、gram is recommended to control the test. Depending on the computerized facilities used, all the loops can be recorded. If this is not possible, the following sequence can be used to record stress versus strain: every cycle for the first 10 cycles, one cycle every 10 cycles between 10 and 100 cycles,
26、 one cycle every 100 cycles between 100 and 1 000 cycles, one cycle every 1 000 cycles between 1 000 and 10 000 cycles, etc. 9.3 Test validity The following circumstances shall invalidate a test for the determination of the lifetime duration: failure to specify and record test conditions; specimen s
27、lippage in the grips. In addition, the following circumstances shall invalidate a test for the determination of the damage parameter: extensometer slippage; extensometer drift. 10 Calculation of results 10.1 Time to failure, tfCalculate the time to failure in accordance with the following equation:
28、tf(hours) = Nf/ (f x 3 600) where Nfis the number of cycles required to obtain failure of the test specimen; f is the frequency, in hertz (Hz). EN 15156:2006 (E) 14 10.2 Damage parameters Calculate the damage parameter Dnfor each recorded cycle, n, in accordance with the following equation: app1,app
29、n,n1EED = where Dnis the damage parameter at the nthfatigue cycle; En,appis the secant modulus of the nthfatigue loop (see Figure 4); E1,appis the secant modulus of the first fatigue loop (see Figure 4); Enappis equal to: (max) / (max nresidual) (see Figure 4). nresidualis equal to: (unl+l)/2 (see F
30、igure 4 b). The damage parameters, Dn, max, residcan be plotted versus the number of cycles, N. For N, a log scale is almost always used, although a linear scale may also be used. Figures 4 a) to 4 c) represent three cases of cyclic fatigue of CMCs. NOTE Annex A shows the schematic evolution of E un
31、der different circumstances of damage and creep. 10.3 Residual properties When rupture does not occur before the end of the test, the test specimen shall be tested to rupture in accordance with EN 1892, EN 1893 or EN 658-1. EN 15156:2006 (E) 15 a) R = 0 b) R 0 Key 1 strain () 2 stress () 3 cycle 1 4
32、 Cycle n lloading unlunloading Figure 4 Fatigue stress-strain curves with a) R = 0, b) R 0 EN 15156:2006 (E) 16 11 Test report The test report shall contain the following information: a) name and address of the testing establishment; b) date of the test, unique identification of report and of each p
33、age, customers name, address and signature; c) a reference to this European Standard, i.e. EN 15156; d) test specimen drawing or reference; e) description of the test material (material type, manufacturing code, batch number); f) description of the test set up: extensometer, gripping system, load ce
34、ll; g) frequency in hertz; h) wave form; i) maximum and minimum stress (method A); j) maximum and minimum strain (method B); k) number of cycles to failure; if test is stopped at a specified number of cycles without failure occurring it shall be so registered; l) residual properties (if applicable);
35、 m) number of tests carried out and number of valid results obtained; n) damage parameter, if applicable; o) failure location of all the specimens used for obtaining the above results, if applicable. EN 15156:2006 (E) 17 Annex A (informative) Schematic evolution of E Figure A.1 shows a schematic evo
36、lution of E where there is a) no damage, b) creep but no fatigue damage and c) fatigue damage and eventual creep. a) No damage b) No fatigue damage only creep c) Fatigue damage plus eventual creep Key 1 first cycle 2 last cycle Figure A.1 Schematic evolution of E with a) no damage, b) creep but no f
37、atigue damage and c) fatigue damage and eventual creep BS EN BSI389 Chiswick High RoadLondonW4 4AL15156:2006BSI British Standards InstitutionBSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level
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