1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58for the resistance to microwave heating of ceramic, glass, glass-ceramic or plastics cookwareThe Eu
2、ropean Standard EN 15284:2007 has the status of a British StandardICS 67.250Materials and articles in contact with food stuffs Test method BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 15284:2007BS EN 15284:2007This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 May
3、2007 BSI 2007ISBN 978 0 580 50701 4Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Commentscontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.National forewordThis British Standard was published by BSI. It is
4、the UK implementation of EN 15284:2007.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee CW/29, Tableware.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provis
5、ions of a EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 15284April 2007ICS 67.250English VersionMaterials and articles in contact with food stuffs - Test methodfor the resistance to microwave heating of ceramic, glass, glass-ceramic or plastics cookwareMatriaux et articles en contact avec les de
6、nresalimentaires - Mthode dessai de la rsistance des articlesculinaires en cramique, verre, vitrocramique ou plastiqueau chauffage par micro-ondesWerkstoffe und Gegenstnde in Kontakt mit Lebensmitteln- Prfverfahren fr die Bestndigkeit von Kochgeschirr ausKeramik, Glas, Glaskeramik oder Kunststoff be
7、i Erhitzungin der MikrowelleThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 15 March 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists
8、 and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsi
9、bility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
10、 Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart
11、, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 15284:2007: EEN 15284:2007 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope.5 2 Principle 5 3 Apparatus .5 4 Test specimens 5 5 Calibration of microwave o
12、ven.5 6 Procedure .7 7 Results 8 8 Test report 9 Bibliography 10 EN 15284:2007 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15284:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 194 “Utensils in contact with food”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status o
13、f a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2007. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the foll
14、owing countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slo
15、venia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 15284:2007 (E) 4 Introduction This European Standard specifies a method for subjecting articles designated as suitable for use in a microwave oven to a standard amount of energy for short and long time periods in a normal domestic microwave ov
16、en. The minimum power level specified is close to the maximum power capacity of most European domestic microwave ovens and the limits will permit the use of a wide range of domestic microwave ovens without alteration. The short time period is meant to be typical of use of articles for the reheating
17、of foods and beverages, and the long time period is meant to represent use of articles for cooking. The articles are tested in an empty condition in order to create worst-case conditions with respect to heating of the article and thermal stress to the article. Certain types of ceramic and plastics c
18、an absorb water in use, and so in order to simulate real use ceramic and plastics articles are immersed in water for 1 h before the test. The objectives of the method are to exclude: articles that could damage the oven (non-metallic articles with metallic decoration can cause arcing; very porous cer
19、amic articles can absorb water that would be rapidly heated when the article is microwaved, and thus reach a high temperature and pressure which may cause the article to explode); articles that may be damaged by microwave heating; articles where handles exceed a safe handling temperature after the s
20、hort time period of heating only. Safe handling temperatures of 56 C for ceramic, glass-ceramic or glass and 60 C for plastics handles were chosen by reference to a one minute contact time in EN ISO 13732-1 1. Articles are tested by heating in a microwave oven for both a short and a long period of t
21、ime. For articles with handles, the temperature of the handle is measured after the short period of heating. Additional data can be derived by measurement of the surface temperature of the articles after both the short and the long periods of heating. This will provide useful information for manufac
22、turers and suppliers of cookware. EN 15284:2007 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the resistance to microwave heating of cookware made of ceramic, glass, glass-ceramic or plastics. It is applicable to articles that are intended for multiple re-use in a
23、microwave oven. It is not applicable to articles, particularly those made from plastics, which are intended to be discarded after one use. 2 Principle An article is subjected to microwaves in the presence of water external to the test specimen for both a short and a long period of time, and any dama
24、ge to the article is noted. For articles with handles, the temperature of the handle is measured after the short period of heating. The maximum surface temperature can be determined after the short and long periods of heating in order to provide additional information for manufacturers and suppliers
25、. 3 Apparatus 3.1 Microwave oven, fitted with a turntable, capable of an output of at least 600 W (as determined in 5.1). 3.2 Surface temperature measuring apparatus, comprising an electrical thermometer with a contact sensor made of metal and having insignificant heat capacity (instrument accuracy
26、shall be at least 1 C). 3.3 Two water containers small enough to fit into the rear corners of the oven, each capable of containing 125 ml of water. 3.4 Stopwatch, capable of measuring to an accuracy of 1 s. 4 Test specimens At least three identical test specimens of each type (representing the range
27、 of shapes and functions of the set of cookware or tableware being examined) shall be tested. Where there are articles made from different materials in the set, three test pieces representing each material shall be taken. 5 Calibration of microwave oven 5.1 Determination of power output In order to
28、protect the magnetron during the procedure (Clause 6) it is necessary to provide ballast in the form of 250 ml of water (6.4) in two containers (3.3). Therefore, also include this ballast during calibration but ignore it for the purpose of the calculation (5.2). Make the measurement with a water loa
29、d in a glass container. The water and container temperature shall initially be below ambient temperature and be raised to an equal temperature above ambient. This procedure ensures that any heat gains or losses from the surroundings have a minimum effect. A cylindrical container of borosilicate glas
30、s shall be used for the test. It shall have a maximum thickness of 3 mm, an external diameter of approximately 190 mm and a height of approximately 90 mm. The mass of the container shall be determined. EN 15284:2007 (E) 6 The stirring and measuring devices shall have a low heat capacity. At the star
31、t of the test ensure that the oven is at ambient temperature of (20 3) C, and measure that temperature. Add 1 000 g 5 g of water to the container and determine its actual mass. Cool the container and water to (5 1) C below ambient temperature. Stir the water, measure its temperature and immediately
32、place the container in the centre of the oven on the turntable at its lowest normal position. Operate the oven until a temperature (5 1) C above ambient temperature is obtained and record the time of operation. Measure the temperature of the water and container within 60 s of the oven being switched
33、 off. NOTE 1 Trial and error might be required to achieve the correct temperature rise. The microwave power output shall be calculated using the following equation: ()cwmmtTP 55,0187,4+= where P is the microwave power output in Watts; T is the difference between the initial and final water temperatu
34、re; t is the time in seconds; mwis the mass of water in grams; mcis the mass of the container in grams. The microwave power output shall be stated in Watts, rounded up or down to the nearest 50 W. NOTE 2 The procedure (Clause 6) is carried out at a power setting that gives a power output in the rang
35、e of 525 W to 675 W. It may, therefore, be necessary to repeat the calibration to determine the appropriate power setting. 5.2 Determination of heating time Once the power output has been determined, calculate the times needed to give an energy value of 72 000 J for the short period and 468 000 J fo
36、r the long period of test using the following equation: PEt = where t is the time required in seconds; P is the microwave power output in Watts; E is the energy required in Joules. NOTE The range of times needed to meet the power output range given in NOTE 2 to 5.1 is 107 s to 137 s for the short pe
37、riod and 693 s to 891 s for the long period. EN 15284:2007 (E) 7 6 Procedure 6.1 Apply a stain to the surface of the test specimen and wash clear. NOTE A 1 % aqueous solution of methylene blue is suitable. The test specimen may be immersed in a tank or bath of the staining solution or brushed/wiped
38、with the solution. 6.2 Visually check that the surface is not damaged. Note any small faults (e.g. pinholes in the glaze) prior to testing. 6.3 Except for articles made from glass or glass-ceramic, immerse the test specimen in water at a temperature of (20 3) C for one hour and then wipe the surface
39、 dry with a cloth. 6.4 Pour (125 2,5) ml of water into each water container and place at the back of the oven so as not to interfere with the turntable. 6.5 Place the test specimen at the centre of the oven on the turntable and microwave for the time determined in 5.2 to apply the specified energy f
40、or the short period. If electrical arcing begins IMMEDIATELY SWITCH OFF THE OVEN. Terminate the test and state in the test report that at the onset of electrical arcing the test was terminated. 6.6 After the cycle is completed, open the oven door and, if applicable, using the surface temperature mea
41、suring apparatus (3.2), find and record the highest temperature of the handle. When additional data is required, follow this procedure to find the highest surface temperature. Ensure that this process takes no longer than 45 s. 6.7 Immediately following 6.6, set the oven for the long period determin
42、ed in 5.2 and restart. 6.8 After completion, when additional data is required, record the highest surface temperature (in no more than 45 s). Remove the test specimen from the oven and allow it to cool on an insulated surface to prevent thermal shock. 6.9 Apply stain to the test specimen and wash cl
43、ear (as in 6.1). 6.10 Visually inspect the test specimen for damage according to the criteria in Table 1. For the colour criterion, an inspector and inspection site that meet the requirements of Clause 4 and 5.2 of EN 12875-2:2001 are required 2. EN 15284:2007 (E) 8 Table 1 Inspection criteria Mater
44、ial Cracking Crazing Scaling Colour Melting Deformation Suitability for re-use Charring Ceramic + +a+ b+ cGlass, glass-ceramic + + b+ cPlastics + + c+ d+ + e+ (+) = to be inspected arefers to the glaze brefers to on-glaze decoration cif several colours are present on one article to be inspected, the
45、 colour with the greatest change shall be chosen darticle shall not be too soft to handle earticle shall be washable and stain resistant 6.11 Repeat the test using the different article shapes in the set. 7 Results 7.1 Record the highest temperature for each item tested in a set. 7.2 Record any dama
46、ge that has occurred to individual items. 7.3 Record any arcing, temperature limits and damage. 7.3.1 If arcing occurs (6.5), the article fails the test and is unsuitable for use in a microwave oven. 7.3.2 The maximum surface temperature of handles after the short period heating (6.6) shall not exce
47、ed the following limit values: ceramic, glass-ceramic or glass: 56 C; plastics: 60 C. NOTE 1 These temperatures can be found by reference to a one minute contact time in EN ISO 13732-1 1. NOTE 2 As temperatures measured after the long period of heating vary significantly depending on the microwave o
48、ven used for testing, no temperature limit values apart from those for handles are given. 7.4 If any damage occurs (according to the criteria in 6.10), the article fails the test and is unsuitable for use in a microwave oven. EN 15284:2007 (E) 9 8 Test report The test report shall contain the follow
49、ing information: a) name of the testing establishment; b) date of the test; c) reference to this European Standard, i.e. EN 15284:2007; d) if applicable, the maximum handle temperature after the short period heating (6.6); e) description of damage (7.2). Optional additional data i) maximum surface temperature after the short heating period (6.6); ii) maximum surface temperature after the long heating period (6.8). EN 15284:2007 (E) 10 Bibliography 1 EN ISO 13732-1, Er
