1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 15357:2011Solid recovered fuels Terminology, definitions anddescriptionsBS EN 15357:2011 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of
2、EN 15357:2011. Itsupersedes DD CEN/TS 15357:2006 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PTI/17, Solid biofuels.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to
3、 include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2011ISBN 978 0 580 64560 0ICS 01.040.75; 75.160.10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theSt
4、andards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2011.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 15357:2011EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 15357 March 2011 ICS 01.040.75; 75.160.10 Supersedes CEN/TS 15357:2006English Version Solid recovered fuels - Terminology,
5、definitions and descriptions Combustibles solides de rcupration - Terminologie, dfinitions et descriptions Feste Sekundrbrennstoffe - Terminologie, Definitionen und Beschreibungen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 22 January 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Inte
6、rnal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any
7、 CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official ve
8、rsions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia,
9、Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for C
10、EN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15357:2011: EBS EN 15357:2011EN 15357:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 5Introduction .61 Scope 72 Normative references 73 Terms and definitions .73.1 as received as received basis .73.2 ash content .73.3 ash fusibility, ash melting behaviour.83.4 ash sphere temperat
11、ure 83.5 biodegradable 83.6 biogenic 83.7 biomass 83.8 bridging, arching83.9 briquette 93.10 bulk density 93.11 calorific value heating value .93.12 chips 93.13 classification 93.14 coefficient of variation 93.15 co-incineration .93.16 co-incineration plant .93.17 collection tray .93.18 combined sam
12、ple.93.19 common sample 103.20 component . 103.21 composition . 103.22 deformation temperature . 103.23 delivery agreement . 103.24 digestion 103.25 digestion vessel 103.26 distribution factor . 103.27 drop flow 103.28 dry dry basis 103.29 dry ash free dry ash free basis 103.30 drying . 103.31 dry m
13、atter 113.32 dry matter content 113.33 duplicate sample . 113.34 durability 113.35 effective increment size . 113.36 effective sample size 113.37 emission 113.38 energy density . 113.39 flowability 113.40 flow temperature . 113.41 fluff . 113.42 fraction separation 123.43 fuel 123.44 fuel particle 1
14、23.45 fuel specification. 12BS EN 15357:2011EN 15357:2011 (E) 3 3.46 fundamental error 123.47 general analysis sample . 123.48 gross calorific value 123.49 gross calorific value at constant volume 123.50 halogen content . 123.51 hemisphere temperature. 133.52 heterogeneity . 133.53 homogenisation .
15、133.54 homogeneity 133.55 incineration 133.56 incineration plant . 133.57 increment 133.58 laboratory sample 133.59 lot 143.60 lower heating value . 143.61 material flow . 143.62 mechanical durability 143.63 metallic aluminium 143.64 microwave unit 143.65 minimum increment size. 143.66 minimum sampl
16、e size . 143.67 mixed municipal waste . 143.68 moisture 153.69 moisture analysis sample . 153.70 municipal waste . 153.71 net calorific value at constant volume 153.72 net calorific value at constant pressure 153.73 nominal top size 153.74 over size particles . 153.75 oxygen combustion . 153.76 part
17、icle density 153.77 particle size 153.78 particle size distribution . 153.79 particle size reduction . 163.80 pellet . 163.81 point of delivery . 163.82 precision . 163.83 pre-treated waste . 163.84 probabilistic sampling 163.85 producer . 163.86 proximate analysis 163.87 random sampling . 163.88 re
18、newable energy sources . 163.89 sample 163.90 sample container . 173.91 sample preparation . 173.92 sample division sample mass reduction 173.93 sample size reduction . 173.94 sampling . 173.95 sampling form 173.96 sampling plan 173.97 sampling record . 173.98 separate collection 173.99 shape factor
19、 . 173.100 shredding . 173.101 size analysis sample . 183.102 size reduction 183.103 solid biofuel . 183.104 solid recovered fuel . 18BS EN 15357:2011EN 15357:2011 (E) 4 3.105 solid recovered fuel blend . 183.106 solid volume 183.107 sorting 183.108 sorting at source . 183.109 specification 183.110
20、specification of solid recovered fuels 183.111 static lot . 183.112 stratified sample . 193.113 stratified arbitrary sample 193.114 stratified random sample . 193.115 sub-lot 193.116 sub-sample 193.117 test portion 193.118 test sample 193.119 total ash ash content 193.120 total carbon . 193.121 tota
21、l chlorine . 193.122 total hydrogen . 193.123 total organic carbon . 203.124 total moisture moisture content 203.125 total nitrogen . 203.126 total oxygen . 203.127 total sulphur 203.128 ultimate analysis . 203.129 volatile matter 203.130 XRF . 203.131 waste 203.132 waste supplier . 20Annex A (infor
22、mative) List of terms defined by EN ISO 9000 21Bibliography . 22BS EN 15357:2011EN 15357:2011 (E) 5 Foreword This document (EN 15357:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 343 “Solid recovered fuels”, the secretariat of which is held by SFS. This European Standard shall be given the s
23、tatus of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2011. This document supersedes CEN/TS 15357:2006. Attention is drawn to the possibility that s
24、ome of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document differs from CEN/TS 15357:2006 as follows: a) alignment of terms and definitions in all CEN/TC 343 documents as far
25、as possible; b) whole document editorially revised. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are
26、bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spai
27、n, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. BS EN 15357:2011EN 15357:2011 (E) 6 Introduction The drafting of this European Standard, that aims to provide a comprehensive solid recovered fuel glossary, has been performed in accordance with ISO 10241:1992 1. Terms are arranged in alphabetic order. Atte
28、ntion is drawn to the fact that the terms: biomass, biodegradable, co-incineration plant, emission, incineration plant, renewable energy source, waste, waste supplier listed in this European Standard are defined, amongst others, also in the following Directives, Decisions (see Bibliography): Council
29、 Directive 1999/31/EC of 26 April 1999 on the landfill of waste 3; Directive 2001/77/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 September 2001 on the promotion of electricity produced from renewable energy sources in the internal electricity market 4; Directive 2000/76/EC of the European
30、 Parliament and of the Council of 4 December 2000 on the incineration of waste 5; Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on waste and repealing certain directives 6; Commission Decision (2007/589/EC) of 18 July 2007 establishing guidelines for the moni
31、toring and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions 16. NOTE Legislation can change. DG XI Director General communicated to CEN in 1996 that “when a definition exists in a Directive, it not only applies strictly for the purposes of the Directive, but also to all adjacent work such as that of CEN. No ot
32、her definition can be used if not agreed by the Council“. As a consequence, definitions given in European Standards, Technical Specifications or Technical Reports cannot contradict definitions contained in European Legislation. Many terms defined by EN ISO 9000 are used in the standardisation work w
33、ithin the scope of CEN/TC 343, especially in EN 15358 17. Therefore an informative list of terms defined by EN ISO 9000 is given in Annex A. BS EN 15357:2011EN 15357:2011 (E) 7 1 Scope This European Standard defines terms and definitions concerned in all standardisation work within the scope of CEN/
34、TC 343, i.e. terms used in the field of production and trade of solid recovered fuels that are prepared from non-hazardous waste. NOTE Solid biofuels are covered by the scope of CEN/TC 335. The embedding of the scope within the waste/solid recovered fuels field is given in Figure 1. Figure 1 Linkage
35、 between selected terms in the field of waste, recovered fuels and conversion to end-use energy Definitions in other standards with a scope different from the scope of this European Standard can be different from the definitions in this European Standard. 2 Normative references Not applicable. 3 Ter
36、ms and definitions 3.1 as received as received basis calculation basis for material at delivery 3.2 ash content see total ash BS EN 15357:2011EN 15357:2011 (E) 8 3.3 ash fusibility ash melting behaviour characteristic physical state of the ash obtained by heating under specific conditions NOTE 1 Ash
37、 fusibility is determined under either oxidizing or reducing conditions. NOTE 2 See also deformation temperature, flow temperature, hemisphere temperature, and ash sphere temperature. NOTE 3 Adapted from ISO 540:2008. 3.4 ash sphere temperature temperature where the height of a pyramidal and truncat
38、ed-cone test pieces is equal to the width of the base, or the edges of a cubical or cylindrical test pieces are completely round with the height remaining unchanged NOTE Adapted from ISO 540:2008. 3.5 biodegradable NOTE This term is defined in Council Directive 1999/31/EC of 26 April 1999 on the lan
39、dfill of waste 3. 3.6 biogenic produced by living organisms in natural processes but not fossilised or derived from fossil resources NOTE 1 The term biogenic is used to denote CO2neutral material when degraded under aerobic conditions (e.g. combustion, incineration). NOTE 2 See also CEN/TR 14980 19.
40、 3.7 biomass NOTE This term is defined in several Directives and Decisions. For the purpose of this European Standard the following are relevant: a) Directive 2001/77/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 September 2001 on the promotion of electricity produced from renewable energy
41、sources in the internal electricity market: biomass shall mean the biodegradable fraction of products, waste and residues from agriculture (including vegetable and animal substances) forestry and related industries, as well as the biodegradable fraction of industrial and municipal waste. b) Commissi
42、on Decision 2007/589/EC of 18 July 2007 establishing guidelines for the monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions pursuant to Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, as: biomass means non-fossilised and biodegradable organic material originating from plants, an
43、imals and micro-organisms, including products, by-products, residues and waste from agriculture, forestry and related This term is defined in Directive 2001/77/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 September 2001 on the promotion of electricity produced from renewable energy sources
44、 in the internal electricity market 4. 3.8 bridging arching tendency of particles to form a stable arch across an opening and hindering flow BS EN 15357:2011EN 15357:2011 (E) 9 3.9 briquette block or cylinder of solid recovered fuel produced by agglomerating loose material NOTE 1 The smallest dimens
45、ion usually is 25 mm. NOTE 2 See also solid recovered fuel pellet. 3.10 bulk density mass of a portion of a solid fuel divided by the volume of the container which is filled by that portion under specific conditions 3.11 calorific value heating value energy amount per unit mass or volume released on
46、 complete combustion NOTE See also gross calorific value, energy density, and net calorific value. 3.12 chips piece with a magnitude of a few centimetres formed by cutting tools NOTE Chips are normally smaller than a few centimetres. 3.13 classification grouping of solid recovered fuels into classes
47、 NOTE The classes are defined by boundary values for chosen fuel characteristics to be used for trading as well as for information of permitting authorities and other interested parties. 3.14 coefficient of variation estimate of the standard deviation of a population from a sample of n results divid
48、ed by the mean of that sample. Frequently stated as a percentage NOTE Adapted from Eurachem/Citac Guide CG 4 13. 3.15 co-incineration use of waste as a regular or additional fuel in a co-incineration plant 3.16 co-incineration plant NOTE This term is defined in Directive 2000/76/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 December 2000 on the incineration of waste 5. 3.17 collection tray tray used in manual sampling to collect the material for sampling from the drop flow or a batch transport system, or, in mechanical sampling, from a batch transport sys
